高三英语语法填空解题技巧.doc
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高三英语语法填空解题技巧
纯空格:
介词,连词,代词,冠词,从句引导词,情态动词,强调助动词等
有提示词:
给出了动词的试题——谓语动词,非谓语动词,词类转换
词类词义转换提——名词,形容词,副词,形容词和副词的比较级或最高级
一、纯空格试题的解题技巧
例1.IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and______getstherealmostinasecond.
技巧1①:
主句缺主语或宾语,一定是填
例2.Wheneverhewasdiscouragedorfacedwithdifficultproblemshewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulchild_________hadputitthere.
技巧1②:
定语从句缺主语或宾语,一定是填适当的关系词,如:
例3.IwasonmywaytotheTaiyetosMountains.Thesunwassettingwhenmycarbroke(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage.Cursingmymisfortune,IwaswonderingwhereIwasgoingtospendthenightwhenIrealizedthatthevillagerswhohadgatheredaroundmewerearguingastoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingme……
技巧1③:
名词性从句缺主语或宾语,根据句子意思填适当的词,如:
who/whom谁,which哪一个/些,what东西/话/地方,whoever,whichever,whatever,whomever
例4.Whileshewasgettingmesettled(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometresaway_________therewasagarage.
技巧2①:
定语从句缺地点状语用________________,缺时间状语用_________________,缺原因状语用____________。
例5.…Itissaidthatthefatherkeptthatlittlegoldboxbyhisbedforalltheyearsofhislife.__________________hewasdiscouragedorfacedwithdifficultproblemshewouldopenthebox,takeoutanimaginarykiss,andremembertheloveofthisbeautifulgirl…….
例6.….____________oldyouare,it’snottoolatetomakeyourlifemoreinteresting.
技巧2②:
状语从句
缺地点状语用________________,
缺时间状语用_________________,
缺原因状语用____________,
缺方式状语用___________________。
例7.Itissaidthat______short-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(920-1279)wasveryanxioustohelp_____ricecropgrowupquickly.
技巧3:
名词前面若没有限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,不定代词),很可能是填限定词。
例8.…Thelittlegirllooked______athimwithtearsrollingfromhereyesandsaid:
“Daddy,it’snotempty.Iblewkissesintoit____itwasallfull.”Thefatherwascrushed.Hefell___hiskneesandputhisarmsaroundhispreciouslittlegirl.Hebeggedhertoforgivehimforhisunnecessaryanger.
技巧4:
介词的使用要注意搭配和上下文语境提示。
例9.…Twoworld-famousartists,PabloPicasso______CandidoPortinari,whichareworthmillionsofdollars.
技巧4①:
两个或几个单词或短语之间没有连接词,可能是填连词。
例10.…allIsawwasthisbeautifulgirl,whosesmilejustmeltedme_______almostinstantlygavemeacompletelynewsenseofwhatlifeisallabout.
技巧4②:
同一个主语发出两个或几个动作,且时态一致,中间没有连词,一定是填连词。
例11.Iwantedtoseeasmuchofthecityaspossibleinthetwodays_____IwastoreturntoGuangzhou.
例12.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,______hefeltveryhappy.
技巧4③:
若两句(一个主谓关系算一句)之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词或从属连词。
例13Whatisacceptableinonecountry______beconsideredextremelyrudeinanother.
例14Hehadnotimeorenergytoplaywithhischildrenortalkwithhiswife,buthe______bringhomearegularsalary.
技巧5:
若结构完整,空格后的谓语动词是原型,且又与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时,很有可能是填____________或
例15…_____wasonlyafterIheardshebecamesickthatIlearnedshecouldn’teatMSG(味精).
例16______withhardworkcanyouexpecttogetpayrise.
例17…as______tookthemjustthreeminutestostealpaintingsbytwoworld-famousartists.
例18Datingsitesalsomake_____easytoavoidsomeonewhomyouarenotinterestedin.
例19Thismadethegoatsojealous_____itbeganplottingagainstthedonkey.
例20Cynthia’sstoryshowsvividlythatpeopleremembermorehowmuchamanagercares_____howmuchhepays.
例21Itissaidthat______usedtobeatheatrehere.
例22Oneday,hecameupwithanidea__________hewouldpluckupallofhiscropafewinches.Hedidsothenextday.
技巧6:
由特殊句式结构来判断空格应填的词
纯空格试题巩固练习:
Thesechangesonlybecamepossibleasmymemoryimproved.Firstitwasstored1tubes,thenontransistors2lateronverysmallchips.As3resultItotallychanged
4shape.5IhavegrownolderIhavealsogrownsmaller.6timemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,7anelephant,Ineverforget8Ihavebeentold!
Andmymemorybecame9largethatevenIcouldn’tbelieve10!
二、给出了动词的试题的解题技巧
一):
句中没有谓语,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的词与已存在谓语主语一致,且中间有并列或转折连词时,需填的词则是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态,时态考虑要瞻前顾后。
例1.……
Thefirstcard____________(design)byJ.C.Horsleyasacommercialendeavor.
例2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,_________(close)mybookandwalkedaway.
例3.Allovertheworld,peoplemovefromplacetoplace.Moreandmorepeople__________(leave)townsandfarmstomovetocities.This(move)tocitiesiscalledurbanization.
例4.Smallercarsarejustoneofthedirectionsthatthecarindustryistaking.Alsotheindustry___________________
(produce)carsthatpollutelessandhavealessharmfuleffectontheenvironmentthesedays.
例5.Nobodyknowswhat_____________________(happen)ifshehadrefusedtopay.
例6.Hisfearoffailurekepthimfromclassroomgamesthatotherchildren__________(play)withjoyousabandon.
例7.……The(happy)ofpeopledon’t(necessary)havethebestofeverything;theyjustmakethemostofeverythingthat_______(come)alongtheirway.
例8.…….Thecountrylifehewasusedto____________(change)greatlysincetheopeningpolicy.
例9.Theinternationalagreement,intendedtoencouragechildrennottosmokeand___________(help)peoplekickthehabit,____________(sign)onFebruary27lastsummer.
(二):
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是非谓语动词就要确定用doing形式,done形式,还是todo形式。
非谓语的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。
例10.……butitisnotenoughonly______________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.
例11.……_________(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary……
技巧1:
作主语或宾语时,通常用形式表示习惯或一般情况;用形式表示具体情况或将来;用表示已发生。
例12.……____________(complet)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.
例13.Theyoungstudentdidallthathecould______(pass)theexaminations.
例14.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely_____________(success).
技巧2:
作目的状语或者在固定结构中,一般用todo形式。
例15.Hesawthestone,______(say)tohimself:
“Thenightwillbeverydark.”
例16.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.
技巧3:
分词作伴随状语,原因状语,条件状语等时,要看它与逻辑主语的关系确定形式。
与句中主语是主动关系使用现在分词;与句中主语是被动关系使用过去分词。
例17.Therewillbeameeting,_______(start)laterthisyeartoreviewthefilm.
例18.…….Lessons_________(learn)insportscanhelpusinourdealingwithotherpeople.
技巧4:
分词做后置定语也要看它与被修饰词之间的关系确定形式。
与所修饰的名词是主动关系使用现在分词;与所修饰的名词是被动关系使用过去分词。
例19.At9:
07pm,Sept.25,TheShenzhouVIIspacecraftwasliftedbythelongMarchⅡ-Fcarrierrocketintospace.ThelaunchoftheShenzhouVIIisChina’sthirdmannedspaceventuresinceOctober23,whenitjoinedRussiaandtheUnitedStatesastheonlycountries_____________(send)astronautsintospace.
技巧5:
名词前有first,second,…last,only修饰时,后面要用todo/tohavedone做后置定语。
例20.Mr.Greenwasdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad______(repair)gowrongagain.
例21.Canyoutellmethewayyouthoughtof___________(work)outtheproblem.
技巧6:
固定结构如:
havesth.done,thewaytodo等。
巩固练习
1.Iwasdelightedandwasabouttoacceptherproposalwhenshesuggestedwefirst[38]____(go)totheWestLakeandwalkalongtheBrokenBridge.
2.Peter___________(leave)forLondononbusinessuponmyarrival,soIdidn’tseehim.
3.Ihavetogotoworkbytaxibecausemycar_____________(repair)atthegarage.
4.Iwentdownthere,________(pay)mypennyandgotareceipt.
5.There,[40]__________(place)neatlybesidetheemptydish,weretwonickelsandfivepennies—hertip!
6.…IthennoticedthatIhadjust10minutesleft[40]___________(complete)thetest!
7.Mypupils,[40]________(include)Donnie,adoredher.
8.Itremains__________(see)whetherJimwillbefitenoughtoplayinthefinals.
三.词类转换题的解题技巧
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
[例1]Theyoungsterimmediatelyfell________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.
[例2]Ina__________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto…
[例3]Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents__________(interest)inthesubject.
技巧1:
作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。
[例4]WhenChina’sancientscientificandtechnological______________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.
[例5]…instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith_______________(inform)inthereading…
技巧2:
作主语,或在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。
[例6]Withthelargenumbersofstudents,the________(operate)ofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.
技巧3:
在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。
[例7]AsIlooked32(close)atthisgirl,Ifoundthat…
[例8]Theremustbesomething40_____(serious)wrongwithoursociety.
[例9]Singlesareflocking(涌向)totheInternet33(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime…
技巧4:
修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。
[例10]Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis:
noknowledgeis________(use).
[例11]Yourmistakecausedalotof___________(necessary)workintheoffice.
技巧5:
词义转换题。
词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un-,im-,il-,ir-,in-,non-,dis-等,在词根后加-less等。
[例12]…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist[35]__________(attract)…
[例13]Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…Hejumpedeven[36]____(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.
技巧6:
括号中所给词为动词时,也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词,有可能考词类转换;若是形容词或副词,有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
词类转化题巩固练习
1.