3 Mobile Identities by StaldWord格式.docx

3 Mobile Identities by StaldWord格式.docx

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articulated:

表达出来的

contextual:

前后关系的

mundane:

日常的，平凡的

mediate:

调停,作为...的媒介

ubiquitous:

无处不在的

reflexive：

反射（性）的

1Thegirlwhoisquotedaboveexpressesanimmediateunderstandingofthemobilephone’sdual,butinterdependentqualitiesforyoungpeople.Onequalityisthecommunicativefunction,whichisfacilitatedbythetechnologicaldevice:

itisaboutthemobileasatoolandachannelfortheexchangeofinformation.Theotherqualityisthesocialmeaning,whichdevelopsfromthecommunication.RichLingdescribesthemobilephoneasbeingdoublyarticulated,thatis,itisaphysicaldevicebutitisalsoamediumthroughwhichwecommunicateandthroughwhichwemaintainsocialcontact.Inshort,themeaningofthemobilegoesbeyonditspracticalfunction.Thequotealsoindicatestheyounggirl’sperceptionofthemobileasholdingaspecificmeaningforyoungpeopleascomparedtoadults:

thatis,thevalueofthemobiledependsoncontextualusesandexperiences.

2Thefocusofthisarticleisonthemeaningofthemobileinyoungpeople’slives,specificallyinrelationtoquestionsofidentity.Inthecrossoverbetweenthisvolume’sthreekeythemes—youth,learning,andidentity—otherissuesmightwellhavebeenincluded,forexampletheuseofmobileplatformsineducationandformallearning,ororganizedprojectsonhowtoexploreandexploitmobiledigitalplatformsforcreativeandinnovativepurposes.Myaim,however,istotakeacloserlookatthemundaneandeverydayusesofthismediumbyyoungpeopleinrelationtoidentityandlearning.Becauseofthealwaysthere,alwaysonstatusofthemobileandthepaceofexchangeofinformation,andbecausethemobileisthekeypersonalcommunicationdeviceforsomanyyoungpeople,itbecomesimportantinestablishingsocialnormsandrulesandintestingone’sownpositioninrelationtothepeergroup.

3Mytitle,“MobileIdentity,”hasadoublemeaning.Ontheonehand,supportedbythesubtitle,itincludestheideathatyoungpeople’sidentityisinfluencedbytheiruseofmedia,inparticularpersonalcommunicationmediasuchasthemobilephone.Ontheotherhand,italsoimpliesaviewofadolescentidentityasmobile,changinganddevelopingmomentbymomentandovertime,asverysensitivetochangesintherelationsbetweenfriendsandfamilies,andtotheemotionalandintellectualchallengesexperiencedandmediatedthroughtheuseofthemobilephone（amongotherfactors）.Thenotionofmobileidentitysuggeststhatidentityisfluidandthatadolescentsareconstantlynegotiatingwhotheyare,howtheyarethatidentity,andwithwhomtheyarethatidentity.Themobilephonefacilitatesthismobilityofidentity,asitisubiquitousinyouthculturalcontextsasamediumforconstantupdating,coordination,informationaccess,anddocumentation.Atthesametime,themobileisanimportantmediumforsocialnetworking,theenhancingofgroupsandgroupidentity,andfortheexchangebetweenfriendswhichisneededinthereflexiveprocessofidentityconstruction.Themobilehasbecometheidealtooltodealwiththepaceofinformationexchange,themanagementofcountlessloose,closeorintimaterelations,thecoordinationofever-changingdailyactivities,andtheinsecurityofeverydaylife.Hencethemobilebecomesalearningtoolfordealingwithlivingconditionsinmodernsocietyforyoungpeople,whileatthesametimeitaddstotheconditionstheyaretryingtodealwith.

4

log:

日志

empirical:

以观察或实验为依据的

spontaneous:

内在冲动的

informant:

被调查的人

display:

显示屏

collusion:

密谋，串通

Thischapteraddressesfourbroadthemes.Thefirstthemeisavailability—thefactthatthemobileisalwayson,whichmakestheusersalwaysavailablewithnoorfewcommunicationandinformation-freemoments.Thesecondthemeistheexperienceofpresenceduringmobilecommunication,thatis,theexperienceofsocialpresenceinpublicspacebeinginvadedbyongoingmobilecommunication.Thethirdthemeistheimportanceofthemobileasapersonallogforactivities,networks,andthedocumentationofexperiences,arolethathasimplicationsbothforrelationsbetweentheindividualandthegroupandforemotionalexperience.Thesediscussionsleadtoanalysisofthemobileasatoolforlearningsocialnorms.BeforeIproceedwiththediscussionofthesethemes,however,Iofferashortdiscussionoftheconceptofmobilemediaandabroaderaccountoftheroleofthemobilephoneinthecontextofcontemporaryyouthculture.

5Themainempiricalbasisformyanalysisisquantitativeandqualitativefindingsfromaseriesofstudiesoffifteen-totwenty-four-year-oldDanesandtheirmobilephoneuse.Thesestudies,whichwereconductedin2004and2006,includedquestionnairesurveys,individualinterviews,observations,and（inonecase）highschoolessayson“MyMobileandMe.”Asevenyoungergroupsofchildrenhavetheirownmobiles,thefifteen-totwenty-four-yearoldscannotnecessarilybeseenasrepresentativeofyoungDanishmobilephoneusersingeneral.However,otherstudiesandsurveysindicatethatthegeneralfindingsfromthesestudiesalsoreflectsomeofthemainusesandmeaningsofyoungerchildren’smobilephoneuse,aswellasexperiencesinothernationalandculturalsettings.

Availability

Withthemobileyoudon’tmissmuch.Youhaveyourfriendsrightatyourhandandyoudomorespontaneousthings.（Marie,twentyyears）

1Oneessentialaspectofmobilephoneuseisthefactthatthephone,andfollowingthis,thepersonaluser,isalwayson.Our2006surveyshowedthat80percentoftheinformantsneverturnedofftheirmobilephoneandthat20percentturneditoffforbetweenfourandtwelvehours.Thequalitativedataindicatethatthemobileintheselattercaseswasturnedoffatnighttoallowundisturbedsleep,atworkwhenrequired,andincinemas.Adolescentsveryseldomcompletelyturnofftheirmobiles,evenatschool,inrestaurants,silentcompartmentsontrains,atthedinnertable,andsoforth—theysimplyputthephoneon“mute”andareabletocheckthedisplayforincomingmessageswhenthemobilevibrates.

2Thismeansthatusers—inparticulartheadolescentswhoneverturntheirphoneoff—arealwaysavailableforcommunication,information,entertainment,or,inshort,forotherpeople.Onenineteen-year-oldgirlsaysthatevenifshesometimesturnsoffhermobilewhenshereallyneedstorelax,itisn’tforlong—“Ican’tbewithoutitfortoolong.WhatifImisssomething?

[laughs].”“Missingsomething”referstotheconstantupdatingofthesocialnetwork,whilethelaughindicatesherself-consciouscollusionwiththispractice.Ontheonehand,thegirlopenlytellsabouttherealityofherlifewiththemobileandhowshedependsonit.Yetontheotherhand,shetakesamorereflexive,distanced—evenironic—stancetowardsuchextensiveuses,needs,andattitudes.

3Timeofformobile-freezonesarealuxury,whichonlythefewwhoaresosecureintheirpositionintheirsocialnetworkcandaretoenjoy.Suchusersliketodemonstratethattheyareincontrolbyleavingthemobileathomeorturningitoffeverynowandthen.However,theabsenceofthemobile—eitherbychoiceorasaresultoflackofmoneyorstolenorbrokendevices—isathreattotheimportantupdatingofthesocialnetwork,andhencealsotoone’sownposition,one’sabilitytotakepartinsocialactivities,andultimatelytoone’sself-perceptionoridentity.

aroundtheclock:

日以继夜；

整日整夜（=roundtheclock）

confirmation：

确认

inevitable：

不可避免的

notleast：

尤其是

phatic:

交流感情的，交际应酬的

tunedin:

调谐,调入

inphase:

同时协调的[地]

amountsto：

意味着

void：

空的，没有的

4Severalofourinformantssaidthattheywouldkeepthemobileonatnightandevenhaveitnexttotheirheadonthepillow,notonlybecausethemobilefunctionedasanalarmclock,butalsobecausetheydidnotwanttomissanymessagesorcalls.Somestatedthatitmaybeimportanttoyourfriendsthatyouareavailablearoundtheclock,iftheyneedsupport,comfort,someonetotalkto,orlaughwith.Inthatcase,sleepislessimportant.Oneexampleistwenty-year-oldMariewhosays:

“Itisnexttothepillowsoyoucanhearitifsomeonecallsatnight,becauseyouwouldn’tliketomissacall....IfsomeoneissadordrunkorhashadsomebadexperiencesandneedstotalktomeIwouldfeelterriblybadiftheycouldn’tgetholdofme.”Inthesecasesthemobileisalinetoinstantfriendlysupportandemotionalpresence.Nineteen-year-oldJacobsaysthesame:

“Yourtruefriends—thosewiththelabel‘realgoodfriends’intheaddressbook—they’retheonesyoucallortextat2a.m.andsay:

‘Hey,I’mintrouble.You’vegottohelpme!

’”Beingalwaysonandavailableexpressesconfirmationoftrustwhichisfundamentalfortruerelationships.Theunwantedcallsofallkindswhichareaconsequenceofthisaretheinevitablepricetopayforconstantavailabilityinone’sintimatesocialrelationships.（TheseexamplesoftheimportanceofthemobilehaveanequivalentinthecaseoftheBritishimmigrantgirl,Walia,inSandraWeberandClaudiaMitchell’schapterinthisvolume.JustliketheparticipantsintheDanishstudy,Waliacannotimaginebeingwithouthermobile,notleastbecauseofitsroleasamediatororlinkbetweensocialandpersonalidentity.）

PhaticCommunication

1Manyyounguserssendmessagestooneanotherthatask“Hey,whata