中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练.docx
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中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练
中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换讲练
中考英语短暂性动词与延续性动词相互转换对应表
短暂性动词
延续性动词
现在完成时
arriveat(in)getto/reach
come/go/moveto.
bein/at
havebeenin/at
comeback//goback/
return
beback
havebeenback
comeout/goout
beout
havebeenout
become
be
havebeen
close
beclosed
havebeenclosed
open(v)
beopen(adj.)
havebeenopen
getup
beup
havebeenup
die
bedead
havebeendead
leave
beawayfrom
havebeenawayfrom
fallasleep/gettosleep
beasleep
havebeenasleep
finish/end
beover
havebeenover
marry/getmarried
bemarried
havebeenmarried
begin/start
beon
havebeenon
borrow
keep
havekept
buy
have
havehad
puton
wear
catch/getacold
haveacold
havehadacold
gettoknow
know
haveknown
have/hasgoneto
have/hasbeenin
jointheleague/theParty/thearmy
beamember/membersof;
bein
havebeenamember/membersof;
havebeenin
语法讲解:
1.现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,并可以和以 for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用,也可以用在以“how long”提问的句子中,句子中的谓语动词一般为延续性动词。
例:
He has been away from Beijing for two years. = He left Beijing two years ago.
When did the train arrive here?
B. How long ____ the train ____ here?
2.在现在完成时的肯定句中,非延续性动词作谓语动词时,不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。
但可以用其他句式来表示同一个意思。
例:
Lucyhascomeback.
The old man died 4 years ago. =The old man has been dead for 4 years.
He has been away from Beijing for two years.
= He left Beijing two years ago.
= It is two years since he left Beijing.
= Two years has passed since he left Beijing.
3.非延续性动词可以在现在完成时的否定句中作谓语,并可以与for,since引导的时间状语连用,表示动作的延续过程。
例如:
She hasn’t bought any new clothes since last year.
I haven’t borrowed the book for a long time.
巩固习题:
1. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus ________ for 20 minutes.
A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away
2. I ______ the League for 5 years so far.
A. joined B. have joined C. have been in
3. The factory ________ since the February of 1988.
A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened
4. Mary and Rose _______friends since they met in 2000.
A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become
5.The meeting _______ for a week now.
A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over
6.Miss Gao ______ this school for nearly 5 years.
A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught
7.Ben ______ a teacher for 4 years .
A. has been B. has become C. was D. became
8. I ______ home for a week.
A. have returned B. have been back C. returned
9. How long _______ he ________ ?
A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead
10. ----- How long can I ______ the book?
------ Two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep
11.He ________ the car for a week.
A. bought B. has bought C. has had
12.-----How long _____ you _____ ill ?
-----Two weeks.
A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been
13.Since 2000, he _____ his hometown.
A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from
14.I'll lend you the book , but you can only _____ it for 2 days.
A. borrow B. keep C. take
15.The bus ______ on the road for 2 hours so far.
A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been
16. Tom is ill in hospital. He _______ a cold for several days.
A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has had
17.He ________ for 2 hours.
A. got up B. has got up C. has been up
二、英语书面表达专项训练
2.书面表达
你即将升入高中,面临寄宿(aboardingschool)和走读(adayschool)两类学校的选择。
请你以“Aboardingschooloradayschool”为题。
写一篇短文,内容须包括:
读寄宿学校的利和弊;读走读学校的利和弊;你的选择和理由(不得与上述两点内容重复)。
注意:
1.词数;100词左右(文章开头结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息;
3.文章必须包含提示中的所有信息,并按要求适当发挥。
Ahoardingschooloradayschool
Wearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschool,__________________________________
【答案】
Wearegoingtograduatefromourmiddleschools,andwewillmakeachoicetoenteraboardingschooloradayschool.Bothkindsofschoolhavetheiradvantagesanddisadvantages.
Ifwechooseaboardingschool,wewillsavetimetostudy.However,wemayhavelesstimetostaywithourfamily.Ifwechooseadayschool,parentscanknowmoreaboutourstudies.AtthesametimecomputergamesandTVplaysmaymakeabadinfluenceonus.
Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool.Weshouldpayattentiontoourstudiestogetgoodgradesinthehighschool.
【解析】
【分析】
整体分析:
这是一篇给材料作文。
可以分三段写。
第一段要写总体交代你即将升入高中,面临寄宿(aboardingschool)和走读(adayschool)两类学校的选择。
第二段要写详细叙述读寄宿学校的利弊;读走读学校的利弊。
第三段要表述作者自己的选择和理由。
【详解】
写作之前要1.审清题目,看看有哪些要求?
哪些时态?
人称?
2.确定文章类型,记叙文?
说明文?
议论文?
看图?
还是应用文?
3.确定时态,单一还是混合。
4.写下关键词、短语、句型。
5.列出提纲和段落,并运用适当的句型和过渡词衔接。
6.根据提纲和段落结构句型及关键词句完成文章。
写完后反复阅读修改推敲润色,人称、时态、单复数一致等。
运用自然过渡法和自然衔接法来是文章更为地道、通顺、纯正。
用的短语、句型:
bothkindsof、Ifwechooseaboardingschool、Atthesametime、Asforme,Ipreferaboardingschool、payattentionto、来增加了文章的亮点。
【点睛】
这类作文的写作方法要注意认真审题,注意过渡性语言的使用。
做到:
要点要全,表达要清晰明确,使用短语,句型要准确,注意避免拼写和语法错误。
3.请你根据以下内容提示,为学校广播站英语专栏写一篇短文,介绍发生在你好朋友王强WangQiang身上的一件事。
1.上周一放学后WangQiang骑车回家,在十字路口,看到一位老太太正要过马路。
2.当时交通灯坏了,所有车辆都一个接一个通过十字路口。
3.老太太犹豫不决,不敢独自穿过十字路口。
4.王强看到这种情况,主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口。
5.请就此事谈谈你的看法......
要求:
1.短文要包括以上所有要点。
2.行文连贯,可适当发挥。
3.词数:
80-100。
开头部分已给出,不计入总词数。
参考词汇:
十字路口crossroads在……犹豫不决hesitatein
LastMondayWangQiangrodehisbikebackhome._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】LastMondayWangQiangrodehisbikebackhome.Onhiswayhome,atacrossroadshesawanoldladygoingacrosstheroad.Becausethetrafficlightsdidn’tworkatthattime,allthetrafficcrossedtheroadwithoutstoppingonebyone.Theladyhesitatedinwhethersheshouldcrossit,butshewasafraidtodothatWhenWangQiangsawthat,heofferedtostopthetrafficwithhisbikeinordertoleadhertocrosstheroadsafely.
Inmyopinion,WangQiangissuchagoodexamplethatweshouldlearnfromhim.Atthesametimewealsosuggestthatallthedriversshouldletpeoplecrossfirstandthentrafficwhenthissituationhappens.
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇给材料作文,介绍发生在我的好朋友王强身上的一件事。
【详解】
结合所给材料,可知本文主要考查一般现在时和一般过去时,人称为第三人称,注意主谓一致问题,句子结构主要为系表结构和动宾结构,注意一些常见句式的应用,比如:
Theladyhesitated……,butshewasafraid……,heofferedto……,WangQiangis…..等句式的应用。
写作中注意运用代词,注意多种句式交替运用。
写作中注意叙述顺序,符合逻辑关系。
【点睛】
本文结构紧凑,语言简练。
开头介绍了王强骑车回家的路上看见一位老太太不敢过马路,接下来介绍他主动上前拦住了车辆领着老人安全过了路口,最后我就这件事谈谈我的想法。
此处onone’sway,seesbdoingsth,atthattime,withoutdoingsth,offertodosth,learnfrom等这些词组的运用也让文章增色不少。
4.假如你是李明,5月18日星期六这一天,你与几位同班同学一起参观了水上公园(WaterPark)。
请根据下面的内容提示,写一篇日记。
(1)乘.坐大巴约一小时后到达目的地,游客多;
(2)上午划船,下午看了许多动物,例如…:
(3)碰到几位外国朋友并与他们交谈:
(4)看到了乱扔垃圾、插队等不良现象:
(5)你的感想…
参考词汇:
.插队cutinline
要求:
(1)词数:
80〜100个。
(2)短文的开头己给出,不计入总词数
(3)要点齐全,行文连贯,可适当发挥•
May18,SaturdayFine
TodayIvisitedWaterParkwithseveralofmyclassmates.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】May18,SaturdayFine
TodayIvisitedWaterParkwithseveralofmvclassmates.Ittookusaboutanhourtogettherebybus.Whenwearrived,therewerealotofvisitors.
Inthemorning,wewentboatingandenjoyedourselves.Wesawmanyanimals,suchaspandas,giraffesandmonkeysintheafternoon.Theyaresolovely.Wemetsomeforeignguestsandtalkedwiththemhappily.However,duringourvisitwesawsomepeoplethrowingrubbishandcuttinginline.
Inmyopinion,itisourdutytoprotecttheenvironmentandfollowtherulesinpublic.AndIhopechangeswilltakeplaceinthefuture.
【解析】
【详解】
这是一篇给材料作文,要求写参观日记。
动笔前应根据材料内容组织语言,列出简单提纲,确定句子的时态和关键单词等问题。
为了使语言更显亲切,在写作时主语用第一人称,时态以一般过去时为主。
同时注意时间状语与时态的搭配及主谓一致问题,适当使用连词,注意标点符号及大小写等问题,不要犯语法错误,做到语意连贯。
【点睛】
此类作文首先要做的就是认真阅读题目要求,结合所给材料确定内容,不能跑题偏题。
写作中注意一些基础的写作常识,不犯低级错误。
只要平时积累足够,就一定能获得满意的分数。
另外为了应对考试,可以有选择的背诵一些范文,这样应考时就会有法可依。
5.书面表达
生活中好友间也会因各种原因闹些小矛盾,当你与朋友间产生不愉快后,你会如何处理此类问题呢?
请根据以下提示点谈谈你的想法。
1.上周日,你的好友Lisa,弄丢了你最心爱的图书,这是妈妈送给你的生日礼物;
2.但是Lisa并没有因此而道歉,你很难过;
3.你喜欢阅读,认为读书可以开阔眼界,所以你很珍惜自己的每一本书籍;
4.接下来你打算……参考词汇:
cherish珍惜openupone’seyes开阔眼界
要求:
1.字数80-100个;
2.开头已经给出不计入总词数;
3.要点齐全,行为连贯,适当发挥。
WhenIhavetroublewithmybestfriend
Therearealwaysproblemsaroundus,evenbetweenclosefriends.Letmetellyousomethingaboutmyself.LastSunday._____________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
【答案】WhenIhavetroublewithmybes