unit 2 notesWord下载.docx
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playthefool（e.g.tomakepeoplelaugh）,makeafoolofoneself（unintentional）,beuptonogood/mischief（intentionally,usuallyinsecret）,mess/foolaround（wastingone'
stime,behavingfoolishly）,behavebadly,getintotrouble
Goodbehaviour:
begood/beasgoodasgold（ofchildren,behavingverywell）,setagoodexample,turnoveranewleaf,behaveoneself
Neutralbehaviour:
behave,conductoneself（behaveinaparticularway,suchexpressionsareusuallyusedwithotherqualifyingexpressions,e.g.conductoneselfresponsibly;
behaveverywell）
4.Expressionsforsocialpositionsortitles:
headmaster,doctor,nurse,director,supervisor,headofdepartment（HOD）,chairman/chairwoman,professor,coach,president
5.Expressionsforcommentingonpersonalities:
can'
tstand,（can'
t）putupwith,Ittakesallsorts（tomakeaworld）.Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.（someone'
ssillybehaviour）almostbringsdownthehouse,arousehilariouslaughter,bedisgustedat/with
修辞拓展隐喻（metaphor）
Ametaphor,likeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.Ametaphorisinasenseacondensedsimile,differingfromthelatteronlyinformandartistry.Let'
scompare:
[Metaphor（隐喻）和明喻一样，也是两个不同事物之间的比较，但它有别于明喻，这种比较是隐含的，非陈述的。
隐喻是一种浓缩的明喻，只是形式和表现手法不一样。
]
Let'
Jimwasascunningasafox.（simile）
Jimwasafox.（metaphor）
Theworldislikeastage.（simile）
Theworldisastage.（metaphor）
slookatmoreexamples:
1.Theywantedtogetintothefunbeforethewholethingturnedbellyup.
[analysis]Fordescription,adeadfishwhichwouldbebellyupimpliestheendofthething.Intranslation,theimpliedrhetoricalmeaningisgiveninsteadoftheliterarymeaningoftheoriginal.
（作者为了描述的目的，用死鱼肚皮向上，形象地隐喻战争的结束。
译文写下了隐喻的寓意、没有直译原文的字面意义。
）
2.MaloneaccusedBryanofcallingforadueltothedeathbetweenscienceandreligion....ThenthecourtbrokeintoastormofapplausethatpassedthatforBryan.Thecrowdseemedtofeelthattheirchampionhadnotscorchedtheinfidelswiththehotbreathofhisoratoryasheshouldhave.------JohnScopes
[analysis]Thewriteusesthewords"
duel"
and"
storm"
scorched"
tomeanmetaphorically"
thedeadstrugglebetweenscienceandreligion"
theidealisticsupportofthemassandtheunreasonableresentmentofthemagainstreasonableideas.
（作者以隐喻方式使用了原文中的"
决斗"
，"
暴风雨"
和"
烧焦"
字样，比喻科学与宗教间的殊死博斗、群众对布赖恩的唯心的支持以及他们不可理喻的愤恨真理的情绪。
明喻例句
3.Hiseyescameoutofhisheadlikeaprawn'
s,andoncemorehismoustachefoamedupagainsthisbreakwaterofanose.-----byMr.Woodhouse
4.Ofallthearts,tragedyistheproudest,themosttriumphant;
foritbuildsitsshiningcitadelintheverycenteroftheenemy'
scountry,ontheverysummitofhishighestmountain;
fromitsimpregnablewatch-towers,hiscampsandarsenals,hiscolumnsandfortsareallrevealed.------BertrandRussell
5.Knowledgebegantoincreaseassoonasthethoughtsofoneindividualcouldbecommunicatedtoanotherbymeansofspeech.Thenknowledgebegantobeaccumulatedaccordingtoasystematicplan.Thetricklebecameastream;
thestreamhasnowbecomeatorrent.-----byG.N.M.Tyrell
6.Thehallwaywaszebra-stripedwithdarknessandmoonlight.---KurtVonnegutJr.
关于动物的隐喻
animal,beast,brute指的是某人行为举止令人厌恶，常常是由于此人行为疯狂激烈所引起animal也可以用来谈论与感觉本能力量有关，而与性格，智力无关的人的肉体属性Thelabourerwasamanufacturinganimal（干活的动物）,perceivedasasourceofprofit.
aparticularkindofanimal该项活动的行家
beast用来以亲切友好的方式来称呼某人，通常指男孩或男人
whereisRichard,thelittlebeast?
Iknowhewasagrumpylittlebeast,butIlovedhim.beastly粗鲁地，恶劣地
Theweatherisbeastly.
brutebruteforce/strength单纯的体力或暴力
preyonepersonispreytoanother一个人很容易受到另一人伤害或利用
onepersonfallspreytoanother
lonelysecretatiesfellpreytothecharmsofhisagents.
tobepreytoaunpleasantfeeling因为……而闷闷不乐
HewaspreytogrowingdespairDomesticanimals
petpetproject指人们感兴趣，给予比任何别的项目更多时间和精力的项目
Hepausebeforereturningtohispettheory
pethate指对某事非常憎恨
Ican'
tthinkofanypethatesexpectgameshow.称呼喜爱的人
it'
salrightpet,letmedoit.
dog质量很差的物品，
thefilmmustbearealdog
dogeatdog形容社会竞争激烈
bedoggedbysomethingunpleasant干扰，受影响
dogged顽固的
bitch泼妇感到不舒服，不快;
Itwasabitchofawinterthatyear
说坏话onebitchesaboutanotherperson
houndhoundanother恐吓某人以取得利益
houndsomeoneoutofposition给某人制造麻烦以让他离职
catfatcat懒惰，贪婪的人
catty恶毒，令人讨厌，背后说坏话的人
kitten性感，乐于调情的女人kittenish
pigwhatapigyouare!
你真是个混蛋
topigoneself/pigout大吃大喝，尤其吃不健康食品
pig-headed固执，即使有错也不改
sheep形容人云亦云，盲目跟从的人
sheepish因为自己做错事或不诚实而显得有点尴尬或惭愧
Hereturned,lookingsheepish
lamb形容所喜欢的人以及温和，好心，不麻烦的人
Notesforreference
WhyMyGreat-uncleGaveUptheMinistry
ministrydutiesor（periodof）serviceofaministerofreligion牧师的职责;
牧师的服务:
enter/gointo/takeuptheministry,ietraintobecomeaministerofreligion做[从事/担任]牧师工作
concern:
tobeaboutsth关于
Thestoryconcernstheprince'
seffortstorescuePamina.◆
Onemajordifferencebetweenthesecomputersconcernsthewayinwhichtheystoreinformation
areportthatconcernsdrugabuse关於滥用毒品的报告.
jolly
/ˈdʒɔlɪ;
ˋdʒɑlɪ/adj（-ier,-iest）happyandcheerful愉快的;
快乐的:
ajollyperson,manner,laugh愉快的人﹑态度﹑笑声.
baptist
/ˈbæ
ptɪst;
ˋbæ
ptɪst/n,adj（member）ofaProtestantChurchthatbelievesinbaptismbyimmersionatanagewhenapersonisoldenoughtounderstandwhattheceremonymeans浸礼会的;
浸礼会教徒.
kindly1
/ˈkaɪndlɪ;
ˋkaɪndlɪ/adj[usuattrib通常作定语]（-ier,-iest）
kindorfriendlyincharacter,mannerorappearance亲切的;
和蔼的;
友好的;
仁慈的;
慈爱的:
akindlyman,voice,smile慈祥的人﹑声音﹑微笑
pastoral
/ˈpɑːstərəl;
USˈpæ
s-;
ˋpæ
stərəl/adjoforrelatingtoaclergymanorhiswork（espthespiritualguidancehegivestohiscongregation）牧师的,牧师工作的（尤指对会众心灵上的指引）:
pastoralcare,duties,responsibilities,etc牧师对会众的关顾﹑职责﹑责任等.
inadvertent
/ˏɪnədˈvɜːtənt;
ˏɪnədˋvətnt/adj
donewithoutthinkingornotdeliberately漫不经心的,非故意的,无意的:
aninadvertentslip,omission,etc不经意的失误﹑遗漏等.
inadvertentlyadvbyaccident;
unintentionally偶然地;
非故意地;
无意地:
Sheinadvertentlytelephonedthewrongperson.她无意中打错了电话。
chihuahua
/tʃɪˈwɑːwə;
UStʃɪˈwɑːwɑː;
tʃɪˋwɑwɑ/ntypeofverysmallsmooth-haireddog,originallyfromMexico奇瓦瓦狗（毛光滑的小狗,产自墨西哥）.
devastate
/ˈdevəsteɪt;
ˋdɛvəsˏtet/v
（a）completelydestroy（sth）;
ruin彻底毁坏（某事物）;
毁灭;
摧毁:
ahousedevastatedbyabomb被炸弹炸毁的房子*
Wardevastatedthecountry.战争摧毁了这个国家.
（b）（infml口）shock（sb）;
overwhelm令（某人）震惊;
使（某人）难以承受:
Shewasdevastatedbyhisdeath.她因他去世而悲痛欲绝.*
Iwasdevastatedbythenewsofthecrash.我获悉失事的消息感到十分震惊。
search
/sɜːtʃ;
sətʃ/v
[I,Ipr,Ip,Tn,Tn.pr]~（sb/sth）（forsb/sth）;
examineorgoover（athingorplace）carefullyinordertofindsb/sth搜寻某人[某物];
搜索:
*search（thewoods）forescapedprisoners搜查（树林）寻找逃犯*
search（through）thedrawersforthemissingpapers翻遍抽屉寻找遗失的文件*
Thepolicesearchedherfordrugs.警察搜查她,看她身上是否有毒品.*（fig比喻）
underneath
/ˏʌndəˈniːθ;
ˏʌndɚˋniθ/prepbeneath（sth）;
below在（某物）的底下或下面:
Thecoinrolledunderneaththepiano.硬币滚到钢琴下面去了.*
Shefoundalotofdustunderneaththecarpet.她发觉地毯下面有许多尘土.*
WhatdoesaScotsmanwearunderneathhiskilt?
苏格兰男子在短裙下面穿着什麽?
*
Slip~sth（tosb）putsthsomewhere,oftenquietlyorsecretly
将某物放在某处（常指悄悄地或偷偷地）:
slipanenvelopeintoone'
spocket把信封悄悄塞进口袋*
Islippedafewjokesintothespeech.我在讲话中巧妙地加了几句笑话.*
Slipthewaiteratip.悄悄给服务员一点小费.*
Itriedtoslipthenotetohimwhiletheteacherwasn'
tlooking.我想趁老师不注意时把条子偷偷递给他.
bringoneselfto鼓起勇气;
下决心
overnight/ˈəuvənaɪt;
ˋovɚˋnaɪt/adj1duringorforthenight晚上的;
夜里的:
anovernightjourney夜间旅行*
anovernightbag装过夜用品的旅行袋*
anovernightstopinRome在罗马停留一夜.
resolve
v（fml文）
及物动词vt.决心,决定[+to-v][+（that）]
Sheresolved（that）shewouldneverspeaktohimagain.她决心不再和他说话。
WeresolvedtovisitEuropeatleastonceayear.我们决定至少每年访问欧洲一次。
不及物动词vi.决心,决定[（+on）]
Heresolvedongoingabroadtostudy.他决定到海外留学。
unburden
~oneself/sth（ofsth）（tosb）（fmlfig文,比喻）
relieve（oneself,one'
smind,etc）ofworry,etc,egbytalkingaboutone'
stroublestoafriend解除（自己﹑内心等）的烦恼等（如向友人诉说苦衷）:
unburdenone'
sheart,conscience,etc解除心灵上﹑良心上...的负担*
unburdenoneselfofasecret说出秘密以放下压在心头的包袱.
pitcher1
/ˈpɪtʃə（r）;
ˋpɪtʃɚ/n
（a）（espBrit）large（usuearthenware）containerforliquids,withoneortwohandlesandalipforpouring（单柄或双柄,带嘴的,通常为陶制的）大罐,大壶.
（b）（US）jug罐.
workon/[workonsb/sth]phrv
tospendtimeworkinginorder
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