外文翻译综合文档格式.docx

外文翻译综合文档格式.docx

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Abstract

Contradictionsinmanagementofdevelopingentrepreneurialeconomy,intheformofabsentmethodsandmechanismsofmanagingthestructuralsectorsofgrowtheconomy,includingleasingsector,arerevealed.Toinvestigatelawsofformationand

developmentoftheleasingsectorofentrepreneurialeconomy.Todevelopthemechanismofmanagementofdevelopingleasingentrepreneurship.Theconceptualmodelisconstructedwiththeuseofmethodsofstatisticalandmultifactorialcorrelationanalysis,optimisationanddynamicforecastinginestimationofleasingentrepreneurshipresults.Theconceptualmodelofmanagementofdevelopingentrepreneurshipintheleasingsectorofeconomyisdeveloped.Tendenciesofdevelopingthegivensectorofeconomyaredefined,approachestoestimationofitsproductivityareoffered.Leasingtoolsareconsideredasthecross-industry,beingofinterestnotonlyforprojectsofdevelopmentofthecitysubway.

Keywords:

Leasing,tools,risks,barriers,financing,effectiveness,management

1.Introduction

Theuniqueschemeofentrepreneurshipisleasingwhichisbecomingnotonlytheinstrumentofactivizationofentrepreneurialactivity,butitalsorelatestooneofthecomplicatedformsofentrepreneurship.Leasingentrepreneurshipcombinessomekindsofactivitiesanddemandsaspecialapproachtomanagementorganizationatalllevelsofmanagement.Entrepreneurshipintheleasingsectorofeconomyischaracterisedbyspecificconditionsofdevelopment,entrepreneurialfunctions,institutionalinfrastructure,scaleandsphereoffunds’application.

Positionsoftheofferedconceptofmanagementofdevelopingentrepreneurshipintheleasingsectorofeconomyinclude:

●theoreticalandmethodologicalpositionsbringingthecontributiontoexpansionofnotionsoftheessenceandfunctionsofleasingentrepreneurship;

●positionsbringingthecontributiontoexpansionofnotionsoftheentrepreneurialeconomystructure,presenceofgrowthsectorsinit,theessence,prospectsandrestrictionsoftheirdevelopment;

methodsandmechanismsofmanagementofdevelopingentrepreneurshipintheleasingsectorofeconomy;

●positionsbringingthecontributiontoexpansionofnotionsofmethodicalprovisionofprocessofacceptingadministrativedecisionsinthefieldofstateregulationandsupportofleasingentrepreneurship,discrepanciesandrestrictionsofmanagementofdevelopingentrepreneurshipintheleasingsectorofeconomy.

Theresultofleasingentrepreneurshipdependsoneconomicresultsofthesubjectstakingpartintheleasingprocessthatassumesamultiplicativeeffect.Attheheartofthecontrolsystemofleasingentrepreneurshipdevelopmentthereshouldbeacomplexapproachdirectedonoptimisationofresultsofallparticipantsoftheleasing

process.

2.Theory

ThelevelofaccumulateddepreciationintheeconomyofRussiain2014is49.4%.Entrepreneurialstructureshavetosearchforsourcesoffinancing,includingintheleasingsectorofeconomy.Theleasingmarketisdevelopingstablyenough,thatisconfirmedbypositivedynamics.Duringsomeperiodsthevalueincreaseoffinancialleasingcontractsadvancestherateofgainofinvestmentsintofixedcapital（Table1）.

Theshareoftransactionsofsmall-scaleandmedium-sizedbusinessesisgrowinginthestructureofleasingtransactions.In2014theymade47.2%ofthetotaloftransactions,thatis65.6%morethanin2011,amongthem37.5%accountsforsmall-scalebusiness.Anaverageperiodofvalidityoffinancialleasingcontractsisincreasing,in2014itmade4.7years.Leasingtransactionsarebecomingmorelong-term.Thebigshareofconcludedcontractsaccountsforthecontractsfor1to3years’term,in2014-68.2%,thatis2.9timesmorethanin2010（23.7%）.Theshareofcontractsfor3to6years’termin2014made28.4%,thatis19.3%lessthanin2010（32.5%）[7].

Buttheleasingsector,aswellasanyothersectorofeconomyissubjecttotheinfluenceofcyclicfluctuationsoccurringineconomy.Forthefirsttimeinsevenyearstheleasingportfolioin2015showednegativedynamics（-20%）.Firstofallitisconnectedwiththedecreaseinbusinessactivityofmanagingsubjects.Theenterprisesstoppedprojectsonupdatingoffixedcapital.Investmentsintofixedcapitalwerereducedto8.4%incomparisonwith2014[8].

Asaresultofthemacroeconomicsituationdeteriorationleasingcompanieshavetooperateintheconditionsofuncertaintythatcannotbutaffecttheiractivityresults.

Creditpricerise,complexityofcreditobtaining,lackoffinancialassets,lowdemandforleasing,allthatleadstotheleasingmarketreduction[6].Thecomplicatedmacroeconomicsituationcancauseaconsiderabledamagetoleasingcompaniesbothinthecurrentandlong-termperiod.Decreaseinthesolvencyofleasingserviceconsumersreducestheleasingportfolioqualityandleadstothegrowthofproblemassets.

EconomicsanctionsconcerninganumberofstrategicbranchesofRussiahavepromotedworkingoutoftheprogramsdirectedondevelopmentofimportsubstitutionbusinesses.Theleasingsectorhasnottakenthelastroleindevelopingimportsubstitutionofnationalequipmentthatcanserveasapointofgrowthforthegivensectorofeconomy.Leasingentrepreneurshipisdefinedasasetofindependentorganizationsco-operatingwitheachother,engagedinvariousentrepreneurialactivitiesincludingrent,investment,commercialrelationsandconnectedbytreatyobligationsconcerningpurposefuluseoffinancialassetsforacquisitionofleasingsubjectforthepurposeofprofitearning.Researchoftheleasingprocessstructurehasinevitablyledtorevealingofbarriersintheleasingmarketandtodefiningofthesystemovercomingeffect.

Tothelawsofformationanddevelopmentoftheleasingsectorofeconomywerefer:

●Riseofaleasingproductprice,inconnectionwith,theso-called‘cuttingoffofsmalltransactions’andreductionofassortmentofleasingobjects.Thatisstrengtheningofcompetitivepositionsoflargeleasingcompanieswiththestateparticipationorlargeprivatecompanieswithadjustedcommunicationsandlargecreditinstruments.Sucheconomiceffectsdemandworkingoutandchoosinganewmotivatinginstrument-kit;

●Complicationofachievementoftheplannedresultinthemarketofleasingentrepreneurship.Identificationofentrepreneurialactivityresultinleasingsectorofeconomyisbecominganimportantissue.Inthecrisisconditionsthereisobservedachainofcounterparts’debtswhichleadstoinfringementoflesseeobligationsandtogrowthoflessorreceivables.Asconsequence,thereisastartofthemechanismofproductivitydecreasenotonlyinleasingentrepreneurship,butalsoinnationaleconomy.Withinthelimitsoftheleasingsectorofentrepreneurialeconomythiseffectisleaststudied;

●Institutionalrequirementstotheleasingtransactionparticipantsareundergoingchanges.Intheconditionsofgrowingcompetitionleasingcompaniesareworkingovertheirowncapitalincreaseandsofteningthecriteriaofthelessees’estimation;

●Activizationofprocessesoftheleasingportfolioredistributioninconnectionwithnewmanagementconditionsandconditionsofimportsubstitutionpolicy.ThedevelopedsituationisopeningsomeprospectsofdevelopmentofleasingentrepreneurshipinRussia.

TheleasingmarketmodelisofferedbyanalogywiththeHarwardschoolparadigm«

Structure-behaviour-productivity»

.Theresultofthebranchmarketfunctioningdependsonthebehaviourofsellersandbuyers.Sellers’behaviourisinfluencedbyproductstrategy,pricing,consumers’goodorganizationandtheirpossibilitytoinfluenceoccurringprocesses.Dependingonthemarketsituationmanufacturersmakedecisionsconcerninginvestmentchange,innovativeactivity,advertisingstrategytoachievethebestresult[9].Dependingonthepresentsituationbothsellersandbuyersaspiretochangeconditionsandpresentrelationsbetweenthem,limitingthebehaviourinthebranchmarket.Thus,betweenthebranchmarketparticipantsthereareformedrulesofbehaviour,traditionswhich

definetheirinterrelationlevel.Intheleasingservicemarketthereappearsfeedforwardandfeedbackbetweentheleasingmarketelements（demand,themarketstructure,behaviourofthemarketsubjects,productivity）.Thereissimilarcommunicationbetweenbehaviourofthemarketsubjectsandthestateaswell,thatindicatesthepossibilityofthegivenelementstointerinfluenceonformationoftheleasingservicemarket.Regulationmeasuresmakeperiodicorconstantimpactsonthemarketstructure.Intheleasingservicemarkettherecombinelowbarriersof

input-output,observablecompetitionbetweenfirms,i.e.competitivestructuretraits,ontheonehandandhighconcentrationofthemarketpowerofseparateparticipants,characterisingtheexclusivestructure,ontheotherhand

[5].Theincreaseinleasingvolumesisinterferedbyunsolvedproblemsofobjectiveandsubjectivecharacter.Toovercomethebarrierseconomicresourcesandtimearerequired,thatleadstooccurrenceofthedeferredresulteffectbothatthemicrolevelandatthenationaleconomylevel.Asaresultthereisasystemovercomingeffect.Inleasingentrepreneurshiponesuccessfulprocesscreatesconditionsforthefollowingtostartthatleadstothesystemdistributionoftheresultinfilefromoneparticipanttoanotherwithagrowingeffect.Themultiplicativeeffectcanbebothpositive-carryingouttheactivitytheleasingentrepreneurshipinvolvesothersectorsofeconomy（bank,insurance,indust