考研英语真题原文与答案完整版.docx

考研英语真题原文与答案完整版.docx

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考研英语真题原文与答案完整版

2009年考研英语真题原文及答案完整版

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmer'spieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.

　　Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7-insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingsthey'veapparentlylearnediswhento8.

　　Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?

That'sthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalI'veevermet.

　　Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning.webelievethat15animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19question:

Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?

20theresultsareinconclusive.

　　1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine

　　2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[D]threatened

　　3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[D]dimmer

　　4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[D]priority

　　5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[D]putsforward

　　6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[D]along

　　7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[D]gradual

　　8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think

　　9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different

　　10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[D]backward

　　11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[D]costs

　　12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[D]across

　　13.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply

　　14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance

　　15.[A]if[B]unless[C]as[D]lest

　　16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[D]reach

　　17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with

　　18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise

　　19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[D]hostile

　　20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[D]Betterstill

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,settingourbrainsonauto-pilotandrelaxingintotheunconsciouscomfortoffamiliarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulestheunreflectingherd,"WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"habit"carriesanegativeconnotation.

　　Soitseemsantitheticaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontextascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershavediscoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,wecreateparallelsynapticpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcanjumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

　　Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothehippocampus,they'retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

　　"Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwithwonder,"saysDawnaMarkova,authorof"TheOpenMind"andanexecutivechangeconsultantforProfessionalThinkingPartners."Butwearetaughtinsteadto'decide,'justasourpresidentcallshimself'theDecider.'"Sheadds,however,that"todecideistokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkerisalwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities."

　　Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,shesays.Researchersinthelate1960coveredthathumansarebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfourprimaryways:

analytically,procedurally,relationally（orcollaboratively）andinnovatively.Atpuberty,however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preservingonlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluableduringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

　　Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysisandprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseourinnovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought."ThisbreaksthemajorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecandoanything,"explainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006book"ThisYearIWill..."andMs.Markova'sbusinesspartner."That'saliethatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowingwhatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreatesexcellence."Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

　　21.TheviewofWordsworthhabitisclaimedbybeing

　　A.casualB.familiarC.mechanicalD.changeable.

　　22.Theresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofhabitcanbe

　　A.predictedB.regulatedC.tracedD.guided

　　23."ruts"（inlineone,paragraph3）hasclosestmeaningto

　　A.tracksB.seriesC.characteristicsD.connections

　　24.Ms.Markova'scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardtesting?

　　A,preventsnewhabitsformbeingformed

　　B,nolongeremphasizescommonness

　　C,maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

　　D,complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

　　25.Ryanmostprobablyagreethat

　　A.ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

　　B.innovativenesscouldbetaught

　　C.decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

　　D.curiosityactivatescreativeminds

Text2

　　Itisawisefatherthatknowshisownchild,buttodayamancanboosthispaternal（fatherly）wisdom-oratleastconfirmthathe'sthekid'sdad.Allheneedstodoisshellour$30forpaternitytestingkit（PTK）athislocaldrugstore-andanother$120togettheresults.

　　Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecomeavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyears,accordingtoDougFog,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.MorethantwodozencompaniessellDNAtestsDirectlytothepublic,ranginginpricefromafewhundreddollarstomorethan$2500.

　　Amongthemostpopular:

paternityandkinshiptesting,whichadoptedchildrencanusetofindtheirbiologicalrelativesandlatestrageamanypassionategenealogists-andsupportsbusinessesthatoffertosearchforafamily'sgeographicroots.

　　Mosttestsrequirecollectingcellsbywebbingsalivainthemouthandsendingittothecompanyfortesting.AlltestsrequireapotentialcandidatewithwhomtocompareDNA.

　　Butsomeobserversareskeptical,"Thereisakindoffalseprecisionbeinghawkedbypeopleclaimingtheyaredoingancestrytesting,"saysTreyDuster,aNewYorkUniversitysociologist.Henotesthateachindividualhasmanyancestors-numberinginthehundredsjustafewcenturiesback.Yetmostancestrytestingonlyconsidersasinglelineage,eithertheYchromosomeinheritedthroughmeninafather'slineormitochondrialDNA,whichapasseddownonlyfrommothers.ThisDNAcanrevealgeneticinformationaboutonlyoneortwoancestors,eventhough,forexample,justthreegenerationsbackpeoplealsohavesixothergreat-grandparentsor,fourgenerationsback,14othergreat-great-grandparents.

　　Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.

　　26.Inparagraphs1and2,thetextshowsPTK's___________.

　　[A]easyavailability

　　[B]flexibilityinpricing

　　[C]successfulpromotion

　　[D]popularitywithhouseholds

　　27.PTKisusedto__________.

　　[A]locateone'sbirthplace

　　[B]promotegeneticresearch

　　[C]identifyparent-childkinship

　　[D]choosechildrenforadoption

　　28.Skepticalobserversbelievethatancestrytestingfailsto__________.

　　[A]tracedistantancestors

　　[B]rebuildreliablebloodlines

　　[C]fullyusegeneticinformation

　　[D]achievetheclaimedaccuracy

　　29.Inthelastparagraph,aproblemcommercialgenetictestingfacesis__________.

　　[A]disorganizeddatacollection

　　[B]overlappingdatabasebuilding

　　30.Anappropriatetitleforthetextismostlikelytobe__________.

　　[A]ForsandAgainstsofDNAtesting

　　[B]DNAtestingandIt'sproblems

　　[C]DNAtestingoutsidethelab

　　[D]liesbehindDNAtesting

Text3

　　Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalikeprogressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties;however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatisit,because