专业八级考试试题(二).docx

专业八级考试试题(二).docx

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专业八级考试试题

（二）

　　一、ListeningComprehension（NewsBroadcast）

　　（共4小题,共4.0分）Inthissection,youwillhearseveralnews

　　items.Listentothemcarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthat

　　follow.第1题Accordingtothenews,ChechnyahasallofthefollowinggeographicfeaturesEXCEPT______.AlowlandsBvalleysCriversDforests

　　【正确答案】：

A

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[听力原文]EnvironmentalistshavewarnedthattheRussianRepublicofChechnyaisnowfacinganecological

　　disaster.Russia'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgencysaysrecentunregulateddevelopmentaswellasyearsofseparatistwarfarehavedestroyedChechnya'srichnatural

　　habitat.ChechnyaislocateddeepinsidetheNorth

　　Caucasus.Ithasdenselyforestedmountainhighlandsaswellaslow-lyingvalleys,throughwhichtwooftheNorthCaucasusmajorrivers

　　run.Theircondition,accordingtoOlegMitvolthedeputydirectorofRussia'sEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,iscloseto

　　catastrophic.SpeakinginMoscowonThursday,

　　Mr.Mitvolsaidthereweremanyoilspills,theresultofleaksfromChechnya'sthrivingbutlargelymakeshiftandunregulatedoil

　　industry.MeanwhileChechendoctorsarechartingagrowingnumberofbabiesbeingbornwithgeneticabnormalitiesaswellasunexplainedoutbreaksofmysteryillnessamong

　　schoolchildren.Somespecialistsarenowsuggestingtheregion'senvironmentisto

　　blame.第2题TheecologicaldisasterofChechnyaiscausedby______.

　　AthrivingandplannedoilindustryByearsofseparatistwarfareCpollutionofmajorriversDgrowingnumberofbabiesborn

　　【正确答案】：

B

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分第3题

　　Thenewsismainlyabout______.AthedisadvantagesandadvantagesofnighttimeflightsBtheenvironmentalbenefitcausedbydaytimeflightsCtheenvironmentaldamagecausedbynighttimeflightsDtheimpactofsunlightintheformationofvaportrailsofaircrafts

　　【正确答案】：

C

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　[听力原文]Scientistssaythatnighttimeflightsaremuchmoredamagingtotheenvironmentthandaytimeair

　　travel.InnewresearchpublishedinthejournalNature,theysayvaportrailsproducedbyaircraftsdofarmoredamageduringthe

　　night.Thereasoniscondensationwatervapouremittedfromthehotenginesofaircraftcondensingintotrailing

　　clouds.Thescientistssaythatindaylightthetrailsactlikeminiclouds,theyaregoodfortheenvironmentbecausetheirwhitecolordeflectstheSun'sraysandreduces

　　temperatures.Atnightwhenthesungoesdownthispositivebenefitis

　　lost.Theimpactofnighttrailissurprisingly

　　large.IntheUnitedKingdomonlyaquarterofflightstakeplaceindarkness,butthisaccountsforupto80%ofgreenhouseeffectfrom

　　condensation.第4题

　　Whateffectwillthetrailsofaircraftsproduceinthenighttime?

　　ATheywillactliketiny

　　clouds.BTheywilldecrease

　　temperatures.CTheywillaccountforgreenhouse

　　effect.DTheywillincrease

　　precipitation.

　　【正确答案】：

C

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分二、ReadingComprehension（Comprehension）

　　（共20小题,共20.0分）Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,Cand

　　D.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebest

　　answer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheet

　　Two.第1题OncefoundalmostentirelyinthewesternUnitedStatesandinAsia,dinosaurfossilsarenowbeingdiscoveredonallseven

　　continents.Ahostofnewrevelationsemergedin1998thatpromisetoreshapescientists'viewsofdinosaurs,includingwhattheylookedlikeandwhenandwherethey

　　lived.ItisdoubtfulthatTyrannosaurusRexhadlipsorthatTriceratopshadcheeks,saysLawrenceWitmer,anassistantprofessorofanatomyatOhioUniversityinAthens,

　　Ohio.Hereacheditsconclusionsbyusinghigh-techcomputerizedaxialtomography（CTorCAT）scansalongwithcomparativeanatomy

　　studies.Forexample,thetheorythatTriceratopsandsimilardinosaurspecieshadcheekswasbasedonpastcomparisonswithmammalssuchas

　　sheep.ButWitmer'scarefulanalysisfoundthestructureofthetriceratopsjawandskullmadeitmorelikelythatTriceratopshadabeaklikethatofan

　　eagle.Witmersaidthatscientistsshouldusebirdsandcrocodilesasmodelswhenresearchingtheappearanceof

　　dinosaurs.InearlyOctoberscientistsannouncedthattheyhadconfirmedthediscoveryofanewtypeofceratopsian

　　dinosaur.Thedinosaur'sbones,foundinNewMexicoin1996,areforcingpaleontologiststorethinktheirtheoriesaboutwhenceratopsiansmigratedtowhatisnowNorth

　　Arnerica.Scientistspreviouslythoughtthatceratopsians,thegroupthatincludedthewell-knownTriceratops,arrivedinNorthAmericafromAsiabetween70millionand80millionyears

　　ago.Duringthistime,thelateCretaceousPeriod,theearth'stwosupercontinents—LaurasiainthenorthandGondwanalandinthesouth—wereintheprocessofpullingapart,cuttingdinosaurpopulationsofffromeachotherandinterruptingmigratory

　　patterns.Thefossilizedbones,foundbypaleontologistDougWolfeoftheMesaSouthwestMuseuminArizona,datetoabout90millionyears

　　ago.ThiscouldmeanthatceratopsiansoriginatedinNorthAmericaandmigratedtoAsiaratherthanthereverse,paleontologists

　　said.AnexpeditionfromtheUniversitiesofAlaskainAnchorageandFairbankshasdiscoveredaregioninremotenorthernAlaskasorichinfossilizeddinosaurtracksthatteammembersdubbeditthe"

　　dinoexpressway".Thetrampledareawasfoundduringthesummerof1998onAlaska'sNorthSlopeneartheBrooks

　　Range.Theteamfound13newtracksitesandmadecastsfromtheprintsoffivedifferenttypesof

　　dinosaurs.Therockinwhichtheprintswerefounddatestomorethan100millionyearsago,orabout25millionyearsolderthanthepreviouslydiscoveredsignsofdinosaursintheArctic

　　region.PaleontologistssaidthatthenewfindingsprovideimportantevidencethatdinosaursmigratedbetweenAsiaandNorthAmericaduringtheearlyandmid-CretaceousPeriod,beforeAsiasplitoffintoitsown

　　continent.TworichfossilsitesinthehillsofBoliviahavebeenrecentlydiscovered,excitingpaleontologistsanddinosaur

　　buffs.Thisdiscoveryincludesoneofthemostspectaculardinosaurtrackwaysever

　　found.ThediscoveryofalargesiteinthemountainregionofKilaKilainsouthernBoliviawasannouncedinearly

　　October.Herescientistsfoundthetracksofatleasttwounknownspeciesof

　　dinosaur.Theseincludedalargequadruped（four-footed）dinosaurthatwasprobablyabout20m（about70ft）

　　long.Theothersite,locatednotfarfromtheBoliviancityofSucre,wasuncoveredinacementquarrybyworkersseveralyearsagobutwasnotbroughttopaleontologists'attentionuntilthemiddleof

　　1998.Thesitefeaturesaverticalwallcoveredwiththousandsofdinosaurprintsrepresentingmorethan100different

　　species.Thetracksdatebacktobetween65millionand70millionyears

　　ago.Sincedinosaursarebelievedtohavediedoutaround65millionyearsago,theprintswerelikelymadebysomeofthelastdinosaurson

　　earth.Paleontologistshopetostudythesiteandlearnaboutthedietandphysicalcharacteristicsofthedinosaursthatarerepresented

　　there.Witmer'sresearchleadspeopletobelieve______.ATyrannosaurusRexhadlipsandTriceratopshadcheeksBdinosaursmighthavelookedlikemammalssuchassheepCdinosaursmightnothavelookedlikewhatwethought

　　Ddinosaursmusthavelookedlikebirdsorcrocodiles

　　【正确答案】：

C

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　根据第一段最后一句“Hewrevelations…toreshapescientist'sviewsofdinosaurs,includingwhattheylookedlike．新的发现将改变科学家对恐龙长相的认识”即可以基本判断C为答案，再结合第二、三段的主要内容可知，Witmer的研究表明恐龙的长相与过去科学家对恐龙长相的推测有很大差异。

　　第2题Thediscoveryofanewtypeofceratopsiandinosaursuggestsceratopsians______.AmigratedtoNorthAmericaaround70—80millionyearsago______.BarrivedinAsiafromNorthAmericaabout90millionyearsagoCoriginatedinAsiaandlatermigratedtoNorthAmericaDcouldhavemovedtoAsiafromNorthAmericalongago

　　【正确答案】：

D

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　根据关键词“anewtypeofceratopsiandinosaur”首先找到第三段，其最后一句提到：

　　“新发现将改变关于何时这种龙迁入美洲的理论”，继续看下去，终于找到关键句：

第五段的第二句“ThiscouldmeanthatceratopsiansoriginatedinNorthAmericaandmigratedtoAsiaratherthanthereverse”（这可能意味着ceratopsians发源于北美洲而后迁徙到亚洲，而不是相反），故D为正确答案。

　　第3题Newly-foundfossilizedtracksinAlaskaprovedthatdinosaurs'migrationbetweenAsiaandNorthAmericatookplace______.AmuchearlierthanexpertspreviouslythoughtBmuchlaterthanexpertspreviouslythought

　　CafterAsiabecameanindependentcontinentDsometimearound25millionyearsago

　　【正确答案】：

A

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　第四段说科学家认为ceratopsians从亚洲到达美洲是在70millionand80millionyearsago。

第八段说“新发现的恐龙足迹存在于1亿年前，早于以前的发现”，最后一句说新的证据表明恐龙在亚洲和北美大陆之间迁徙是duringtheearlyandmid-CretaceousPeriod（白垩纪中期），beforeAsiasplitoffintoitsowncontinent。

由此可见恐龙在两块大陆之间的迁徙时间要比科学家以前设想还要早。

　　第4题ThediscoveryofdinosaurfossilsitesinBoliviaisexcitingbecauseofthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat______.AtheyarefoundinacontinentotherthanAsiaandNorthContinentBthelargestdinosaursintheworldarefoundinthisdiscoveryCtherearesomeunknownspeciesofdinosaursfoundthis

　　time.,Dthedinosaurswerebelievedtobesomeofthelastonesonearth

　　【正确答案】：

B

　　【本题分数】：

1.0分

　　【答案解析】

　　这种EXCEPT题最好的做法就是排除法。

C和D很好排除：

第八段说在Bolivia地区也发现了恐龙化石，而且这次发现有两个令人激动的发现：

　　thetractsofatleasttwounknownspeciesofdinosaur和theprintswerelikelymadebysomeofthelastdinosaursonearth。

A的排除赞点劲，但文章第一句就说了：

以前只在美国西部和亚洲发现恐龙遗迹，但现在哪都有了。

　　再结合地理常识：

玻利维亚在南美，可以推断出A是一个原因，可排除。

只有B这个信息文章中没有提到。

　　第5题Thepassagefocuseson______.

　　Adinosaur'sgeographicallocationBshiftingviewsofdinosaursCmigrationpatter