四级阅读练习20详细解析Word文档格式.docx

四级阅读练习20详细解析Word文档格式.docx

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A）whocanrememberlargeamountsofinformation

B）whoarehighlyintelligent

C）whosemindsarealertandreceptive

D）whoaregoodatrecognizingdifferentsounds

2.AccordingtoFozard’sargument,peoplecanmaketheirbrainsworkmoreefficientlyby

.

A）constantlydoingmemorywork

B）takingpartinvariousmentalactivities

C）goingthroughspecifictraining

D）makingfrequentadjustments

3.ThefindingsofJamesandotherscientistsintheirwork______.

A）remainatheorytobefurtherproved

B）havebeenchallengedbymanyotherexperts

C）havebeengenerallyaccepted

D）arepractisedbytheresearchersthemselves

4.Olderpeoplearegenerallyadvisedto_______.

A）keepfitbygoinginforphysicalactivities

B）keepmentallyactivebychallengingtheirbrains

C）maintainmentalalertnessthroughspecifictraining

D）maintainabalancebetweenindividualandgroupactivities

5.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A）Howbiochemicalchangesoccurinthehumanbrain.

B）Whypeopleshouldkeepactivenotonlyphysicallybutalsomentally.

C）Howintellectualactivitiesinfluencebrain-cellhealth.

D）Whypeopleshouldreceivespecialmentaltrainingastheyage.

Passage2

Peoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings--e.g.,alcohol,drugs,certainfoods,oreventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddiction（癖好;

瘾）arecompulsive（难以抑制的）;

i.e.,theyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthattheymustspendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,isirrational--impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit（赊购）,chargeaccounts（赊购帐户）areevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthatwithcredit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.

Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunters,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon'

tneedjustbecausetheyarecheap.Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets,buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyarewinning.Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:

agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.

Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,andadvertisersusepsychologytoincreasebusiness:

Theyconsiderpeople'

sneedsforlove,power,orinfluence,theirbasicvalues,theirbeliefsandopinions,andsoonintheiradvertisingandsalesmethods.

Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled"

behaviortherapy（疗法）"

tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.

1.Accordingtothepsychologists,acompulsivespenderisonewhospendslargeamountsof

money.

A）andtakesgreatpleasurefromwhatheorshebuys

B）inordertosatisfyhisorherbasicneedsinlife

C）justtomeethisorherstrongpsychologicalneed

D）entirelywithanirrationaleagerness

2.Accordingtothewriter,compulsivebargainhuntersareinconstantsearchofthelowest

possibleprices.

A）becausetheywanttosavemoneytohelptheirbudgets

B）becausetheycanopenlyboastoftheirtriumphoverothersingettingthingsforless

C）andwillnothavemoneyproblemsiftheycankeeptotheirbudgets

D）buttheyseldomadmittheyfeelsatisfiediftheycangetthingsforlessthanothers

3.Whichofthefollowingistrue?

A）Allpeoplespendmoneyforexactlythesamereasonthattheyneedtobuythings.

B）Businesspeopleandadvertiserscanusethepsychologyofmoneytoincreasesales.

C）Businesspeopleunderstandthepsychologyofcompulsivebuyingbetterthanscientists

do.

D）compulsivebargainhuntersdonothaveproblemswithmoney.

4.Thearticleismainlyabout.

A）thepsychologyofmoney-spendinghabits

B）thepurchasinghabitsofcompulsivespenders

C）aspecialpsychologyofbargainhunting

D）theuseofthepsychologyofspendinghabitsinbusiness

5.Fromthepassagewemaysafelyconcludethatcompulsivespendersorcompulsivebargainhunters.

A）arereallyunreasonable

B）needspecialtreatment

C）arereallybeyondremedies

D）cannevergetanyhelptosolvetheirproblemswithmoney

Passage3

Thereisnodoubtthatacommonlanguageusedthroughouttheworldwoulddomuchtobringcountriesclosertoeachother.Thoughitisbecomingincreasinglyeasytomovefromplacetoplace,ourinabilitytocommunicatewithoneanothergivesrisetonumerousmisunderstandingsandmakesrealcontactbetweenpeopleofdifferingnationalitiesimpossible.Manyattemptshavebeenmadetoovercomethisproblemandtheyhaveallfailed.Thefearofforeigninfluenceanddominationrulesouttheuniversalacceptanceofanyoneoftheexistingmajorlanguages.Awareofthisdifficulty,manylinguistshaveconstructedartificiallanguageswhichcouldhavenopossiblepoliticalovertones.TheyhavearguedthatalanguageofthissortwouldperformmuchthesameserviceasLatindidintheMiddleAges.

Althoughlinguistssucceededinmakingtheirartificiallanguagesextremelysimplesothattheywouldbeeasytolearn,theireffortsseemeddoomedfromthestart.Thereasonforthisisthatthereisnorealincentivetolearnanartificiallanguage.Thereisnothingtoguaranteethateverybodyiswillingtomaketheeffort;

thereisnoassurancethatthelearnerwillhaveanyadequatereturnforhistoil.Whenpeopletodayundertaketolearnaforeignlanguage,theyarenotinterestedonlyinspeakingit.Masteryofalanguagemakesavailabletothelearneragreatdealofworthwhileliteratureandmanycurrentpublications.Thisisthebiggeststumbling-blockofallfortheartificially-constructedtongue.Havingnoliteratureofitsown,allitcanofferisalimitedoftranslations,whicharevaluelessinthemselves.Norcanitacquireanyliterature;

foritwouldhavetobeusedforagreatmanygenerationsbeforethiscouldbecomepossible.Moreover,constantuseoveralongperiodwouldbringintobeingmany'

national'

dialectsandthelanguagewouldthusdefeatitsownpurpose.

Anotherseriousobjectionisthefactthatalanguageisshapedbyuseandnotbydesign.Itisalivingthingwhichisforevergrowingandchanging.Ittakeshundredsofyearsbeforeitcanacquirerichnessanddepth.Inanartificiallanguage,however,themeaningsofwordsarerigidlydefined.Inflexibilitymakesforanabsenceofsubtlety,sothatnoreallyfinemeaningcanbeconveyed.Thoughthisqualitymightbeadmirableforscientificpublications,itgreatlyimpedestheformationofanysignificantliterature.Latinwasidealinthisrespect,foritwasa'

dead'

languagewithaliterature;

anartificialoneis'

fromthestart.Thismakesitlikelythatexistinglanguagebarrierswillremainwithusforaverylongtime.

1.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?

A）LanguageBarriersInCommunication

B）Latin,ADeadButIdealLanguage

C）ArtificialLanguage,ASolutiontoLanguageBarrier

D）ProblemsWithArtificialLanguages

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?

A）Althoughitiseasytotravelaroundtheworldnow,realcontactisimpossibleasaresult

ofourinabilitytocommunicate.

B）Toovercomethelanguagebarrier,peopleallovertheworldwelcomeoneofthemajor

languagestobeuniversal.

C）Peopleareafraidoflosingtheirownlanguagesasaresultofthedominationofmajorforeignlanguages.

D）Therearenumerousmisunderstandingsinpeople'

scontacts.

3.Theword"

doomed"

（Para2,Line2）inthispassagemeans.

A）welcomedB）acclaimed

C）dislikedD