考研模拟试题及答案英语一.docx

考研模拟试题及答案英语一.docx

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考研模拟试题及答案英语一

2015考研模拟试题及答案英语一

　since1996.Mostofhisgroup’smoneycomesfromtransportandlogistics,withastrongpositioninAfrica,andfrompetroldistributioninFrance.MrBolloréhasalsomadebillionsfromfinancialinvestmentssuchasinRueImperiale,aholding company.Autolibwillbekeenlywatchedthroughoutthecarindustry.Itisthefirstlargescalecitycarsharingservicetouseonlyelectricvehiclesfromtheoutset;aschemeinUlminGermany,bycontrast,startedwithdieselvehicles.RunningAutolibcouldmeanshoulderingsubstantiallossesfortheBolloréGroup.MrBolloréwasnotexpectedtowinthecontract,butdidsomainlybecauseheofferedlowrentalchargesfordrivers.

　　[F]MrBolloré’sLMPbatteriesaresaidtobemorestablewhenbeingchargedanddischarged,whichiswhenbatteriescomeundermoststrain.JusttwoEuropeancarmakershaveseenthebatteries,whicharemadeonlybytheBolloréGroup.OnecarindustryexecutivesaysthatthoughtheLMPtechnologyisattractivefromasafetypointofview,thebatterieshavetobeheateduptofunction—whichtakespowerandmakesthemlessconvenienttouse.

　　[G]MrBolloré’stechnologyisabouttohittheroad.In2010hisgroupwonacontracttorunAutolib,acarsharingschemedesignedbyBertrandDelane,themayorofParis,whichwillput3,000electricvehiclesonthecity’sstreetsalongwith1,120stationsforparkingandrecharging.Constructionofthestationsstartedinthesummer,andMrBolloréwillbegintestingtheserviceonOctober1stbeforeopeningittothepublicinDecember.Rechargeablebatteriesarenowanimportanttechnologyfortheglobalcarindustryasitstartstomakeevermoreelectricandhybridvehicles.Renault,aFrenchmanufacturer,isaloneinvesting4billion（$5.6billion）inarangeofelectricmodelswhichitwillstartsellingthisautumn.ManyproducerswillunveilnewelectricvehiclesnextweekwhentheFrankfurtMotorShowopens.

　　1→2→3→C→4→F→5　Passage4

　　Directions:

Forquestion1—5,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA—Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphsAandDhavebeencorrectlyplaced.

　　[A]Thecontesthasbeenheldinanticipationofaneweraofpylonbuilding.By2020,aquarterofthecountry’scurrentgeneratingcapacitywillneedreplacing;thegovernmenthopesthenewsupplywillcomefromrenewablesourcessuchasonshoreandoffshorewindfarms.Today’soffshorecapacityisjust7%ofministers’targetsfortheendofthedecade—andallofthenewgenerationouttoseawillneedtolandtransmissioncablesashore.Theexistingelectricitygridisinthewrongplaceformanyofthesenewsourcesofpower.Thatcreatesaparadox:

tryingtosavetheworldbycuttingcarbonemissionsmeansscarringparticularbitsofitbydraggingnewpowerlinesthroughsceniccountryside.

　　[B]Thisisanoldproblem.ThelaunchofBritain’s national electricitygridin1933wasdecriedfordesecratingthelandscape.Morerecently,thelocationofwindfarmshaspromptedsimilardebates.Thedifficultywithpylonsisthattheygoeverywhere.Scotlandhashadnearlyfiveyearsofdisputesovertheplanned600pylonupgradeofatransmissionlinerunningfromBeaulyintheHighlandstothecentralbeltwheremoreelectricityisused.ThesameclasheswillnowplayoutinEnglandandWales.Anewplanningcommissionwassetupin2009tospeeduptheglacialpaceofinfrastructuredecisionmaking.Butweighingeconomicdemandsagainstbeautyremainsathornyandpotentiallytime-consumingjob.

　　[C]Opponentsoftoweringpylonssaytheansweristoburypowerlines:

atpresentonly950kmofBritain’s13,000kmofhighvoltagecablerunsunderground,mostofitinurbanareas.Butsinkingwires,whichmeansclearingacorridor17mto40mwideandcannotbedoneinallterrains,carriesanenvironmentaltolltoo.“Youareeffectivelysterilisinglanduseinthearea,”saysRichardSmithofNationalGrid;noplanting,diggingorbuildingisallowed.Thatmakesinstallingsubsurfacecables12to17timesaspriceyasoverheadlines,accordingtoNationalGrid（theyalsoneedreplacingsooner）.Sinceconsumerspayforthisthroughtheirelectricitybills,everyonewouldhavetoforkouttoprotecttheviewsandhousepricesofafewpeople.

　　[D]Sofindinganewshapeforpylonsmaybeonlyoneaspectofthecomingpowerrows.Butitwillbeatrickyone.Typicallythebestdesignscombineelegancewithutility.Yetratherthanbeingafeatureinitself,theoptimalpylonblendsinwithnature.That’satoughtaskfor20tonsofsteel,howeverimpressivelyshaped.

　　[E]Theskeletal,latticedesignofBritain’selectricitypylonshaschangedlittlesincethefirstonewasraisedin1928.Manycountrieshavecopiedthese“stridingsteelsentries”,asthepoetStephenSpendercalledthem;morethan88,000nowmarchacrossthecountry’sintermittentlygreenandpleasantland.

　　[F]Nowsixnewmodelsarevyingtoreplacethesefamiliarsteeltowers.Thefinalistsinagovernmentsponsoredcompetitiontodesignanewpylonincludeasingleshardspikingintotheskyandanarced,openbow.AfterawinnerispickedinOctober,NationalGrid,whichrunstheelectricitytransmissionnetwork,willdecidewhethertoconstructit.

　　[G]Butthepriceofdespoilingprettysceneryishardtocalculate.Theriskisthatthecostofdamagingthelandscapeisignoredbecauseitisnotascribedamonetaryvalue,saysSteveAlbon,coauthorofagovernmentcommissionedreportonhowmuchthenaturalenvironmentcontributestoBritain’seconomy.Asyet,though,noonehasfoundaneasyoracceptedmeasureofthisworthtohelpmakedecisions.

　　1→2→A→3→4→5→D

Passage5

　　Directions:

Forquestion1—5,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA—Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphsCandEhavebeencorrectlyplaced.

　　[A]NorcanitbuycompaniesasfreelyaspostalservicesinEurope,CanadaorAsiahavebeendoingforthepastdecade.ManyEuropeancountries,aswellasNewZealandandJapan,havealreadyprivatisedorliberalisedtheirpostalservices.Combined,foreignpostsnowgetmostoftheirrevenuefromnewbusinessessuchasretailingorbankingforconsumers,orwarehousingandlogisticsforcompanies.

　　[B]THEUSPostalServicehasanunofficialcreedthatharksbacktoHerodotus,whowasadmiringthePersianEmpire’sstalwartmessengers.Itsownhistoryisimpressivetoo,datingtoaroyallicensebyWilliamandMaryin1692,andincludingBenjaminFranklinasanotablepostmaster,bothforthecrownandthenforthenewlyindependentcountry.Eversince,theposthasexisted“tobindtheNationtogether”.

　　[C]Quasiindependentsince1970,thepostgetsnopublicmoney.Andyetitisobliged（asFedExandUPSarenot）tovisiteverymailbox,nomatterhowremote,sixdaysaweek.Thishasdriventheaveragecostofeachpieceofmailupfrom34centsin2006to41cents.Yetthepostisnotallowedtoraiseprices（ofstampsandsuch）willynilly;a2006lawsetformulasforthat.Soineffect,thepostcannotcontroleitheritscostsoritsrevenues.

　　[D]SoAmerica’spostislookingforothersolutions.Itisplanningtoclosepostoffices;upto3,653,outofabout32,000.Thismonthitannouncedplanstolayoffanother120,000workersby2015,havingalreadybiddenadieutosome110,000overthepastfouryears（foratotalofabout560,000now）.Italsowantstofiddlewithitsworkers’pensionsandhealthcare.　[E]Ultimately,saysMrDonahoe,thepostwillhavetostopdeliveringmailonSaturdays.Thenperhapsonotherdaystoo.Theposthassurvivednewtechnologiesbefore,hepointsout.“In1910,weownedthemosthorses,by1920weownedthemostvehicles.”Buttheinternetjustmightsenditthewayoftheponyexpress.

　　[F]ButasevermoreAmericansgoonlineinsteadofsendingpaper,thevolumeofmailhasbeenplummeting.Thedeclineissteeperthanevenpessimistsexpectedadecadeago,saysPatrickDonahoe,thecurrentpostmastergeneral.Worse,becausethepostmustdelivertoeveryaddressinthecountry—about150m,withsome1.4madditionseveryyear—costsaresimultaneouslygoingup.Asaresult,theposthaslost$20billioninthelastfouryearsandexpectstoloseanother$8billionthisfiscalyear.

　　[G]Andalthoughtherecessionmadeeverythingworse,theinternetisthemainculprit.AsChristmascardshavegoneonline（and“green”）,sohavebills.In2000,5%ofAmericanspaidutilitiesonline.Lastyear55%did,andeventuallyeverybodywill,saysMrDonahoe.PhotosnowgoonFacebook,magazinescomeoniPads.Already,atleastforAmericansunderacertainage,thepostdeliversonlybadnewsornuisances,fromjurysummonsestojunkmail.PleasantdeliveriesprobablyarrivebyaparcelservicesuchasUPSorFedEx.

Passage6

　　Directions:

Forquestion1—5,choosethe most suitableparagraphs from thelistA—Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphsAandBhavebeencorrectlyplaced.

　　[A]Among national newspapers,paywallsarestillrare,thoughtheNewYorkTimesandtheTimesofLondonbothhavethem.Mostwallbuildingisbeingdonebysmalllocaloutfits.“Localnewspapersaremorevitaltotheircommunities,andtheyhavelesscompetition,”explainsKenDoctor,theauthorof“Newsonomics”

　　[B]Thepaywallbuilderstendtoreportadropinonlinetraffic.Butnotusuallyasteepdrop,andnotalwaysanenduringone.Oklahoma’sTulsaWorld,whichstarteddemandingsubscriptions from heavyonlinereadersinApril,reportsthattrafficinAugustofthisyearwashigherthanayearearlier.Onepossibleexplanation,oddasitmaysound,isthatreadersarestilldiscoveringitswebsite.“Wehavepa