专业四级阅读完型.docx

专业四级阅读完型.docx

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专业四级阅读完型

专业四级考前恶补--阅读完型

完形填空

（一）

宏观上处理好篇章与空格之间的关系完形填空的测试目的是测试学生运用语言的综合能力。

完形填空的考试重点是上下文的联系和短语结构的搭配关系。

由于考试时间紧，许多考生在回答这部分题的时候，往往不顾整个篇章的结构、大意或文体，一开始就把注意力放在空格选项上，孤立地研究单个选项，这就脱离了文章整体，答题的准确率也会大受影响。

因此，要做好这部分试题考生首先必须大体理解篇章的主要内容、逻辑关系，从而判断出作者的意图及归纳或演绎的思路；另外，考生在答题之前，还要对文章的文体有所了解，这有利于考生根据不同的文体对不同的或相近的选项做出正确的选择。

如文学材料、科普文章、新闻报道等由于文体上的不同，它们在用词和句子结构上都有所不同。

请看下面例子：

Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,___1___dotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfor___2___foodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andif ___3___ismissing,adeficiencydiseasebecomes___4___.

1.A.either B.so   C.nor   D.never

2. A.shiftingB.transferringC.alteringD.transforming

3. A.any B.someC.anythingD.something

4.A.serious B.apparent C.severe D.fatal

通读全文后可知，这是一篇有关科普知识的短文，一般来说科普知识文章以客观陈述为突出特点，用词比较正式，句子结构比较严密，因此在选择时要在宏观上考虑到这些因素。

比如第四空，从科学常识可知，缺乏任何一种维生素都不至于使疾病严重（serious）、致命（fatal），故应排除选项A和D。

severe（严厉的）不能用来修饰疾病。

因此，选Bapparent既合乎句意，搭配又得当。

另外，完形填空的空格没有任何一个是孤立地存在的，必须把它们放在文章的语言环境中进行逐个推敲，同时利用自己对各种材料描写、陈述内容的了解，作出正确选择。

PART Ⅰ

Decidewhichofthechoicesgivenbelowwouldcorrectlycompletethepassageifinsertedinthecorrespondingblanks.MarkthecorrectchoiceforeachblankonyourANSWERSHEET.TheUnitedStatesiswell-knownforitsnetworkofmajorhighwaysdesignedtohelpadrivergetfromoneplacetoanotherintheshortestpossibletime.___1___thesewidemodernroadsaregenerally___2___ andwellmaintained,with___3___ sharpcurvesandstraightsections,adirectrouteisnotalwaysthemost___4___ one.Largehighwaysoftenpass___5___ scenicareasandinterestingsmalltowns.Furthermore,thesehighwaysgenerally___6___ largeurbancenters,whichmeansthattheybecomecrowdedwith___7___ trafficduringrushhours,___8___ the“fast,direct”routebecomesaveryslowroute.However,thereisalmostalwaysanotherroutetotake___9___ youarenotinahurry.Notfarfromthe___10___ new“superhighways”,thereareoftenolder,___11___ heavilytraveledroadswhichgothroughthecountryside.___12___ ofthesearegoodtwo-laneroads;othersareunevenroadscurvingthroughthecountry.Thesesecondaryroutesmaygoupsteepslopes,alonghigh___13___,ordownfrighteninghillsidetotowns___14___ indeepvalleys.Throughtheselessdirectroutes,longerandslower,theygenerallygotoplaces___15___ theairiscleanandsceneryisbeautiful,andthedrivermayhaveachancetogetafresh,cleanviewoftheworld.

1.A.Although  B.Since C.Because  D.Therefore

2.A.stable B.splendid  C.smooth D.complicated

3.A.little B.few C.much D.many

4.A.terribleB.possible  C.enjoyableD.profitable

5.A.to B.into C.over D.by

6.A.lead B.connectC.collect D.communicate

7.A.large B.fast C.high D.heavy

8.A.when B.for C.but D.that

9.A.unless B.if C.as D.since

10.A.relatively  B.regularlyC.respectivelyD.reasonably

11.A.and B.less C.more D.or

12.A.All B.SeveralC.Lots D.Some

13.A.rocks B.cliffs  C.roadsD.paths

14.A.lying B.laying C.laid D.lied

15.A.thereB.when C.whichD.where

PART Ⅱ

SECTION A READINGCOMPREHENSION［25MIN.］

Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyfifteenquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eachwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthecorrectanswer.

MarkyourchoiceonyourANSWERSHEET.

TEXTA

  Beforethemid1860’s,theimpactoftherailroadsintheUnitedStateswaslimited,inthesensethatthetracksendedatthisMissouriRiver,approximatelythecenterofthecountry.Atthepointthetrainsturnedtheirfreight,mail,andpassengersovertosteamboats,wagons,andstagecoaches.Thismeantthatwagonfreighting,stagecoaching,andsteamboatingdidnotcometoanendwhenthefirsttrainappeared;rathertheybecamesupplementsorfeeders.Eachnew“endoftrack”becameacenterforanimaldrawnorwaterbornetransportation.Themajoreffectoftherailroadwastoshortenthedistancethathadtobecoveredbytheolder,slower,andmorecostlymeans.Wagonfreighterscontinuedoperatingthroughoutthe1870’sand1880’sandintothe1890’s.Althoughoverconstantlyshrinkingroutes,andcoachesandwagonscontinuedtocrisscrosstheWestwherevertherailshadnotyetbeenlaid.Thebeginningofamajorchangewasforeshadowedinthelater1860’s,whentheUnionPacificRailroadatlastbegantobuildwestwardfromtheCentralPlainscityofOmahatomeettheCentralPacificRailroadadvancingeastwardfromCaliforniathroughtheformidablebarrieroftheSierraNevada.AlthoughPresidentAbrahamLincolnsignedtheoriginalPacificRailroadbillin1862andarevised,financiallymuchmoregenerousversionin1864,littleconstructionwascompleteduntil1865ontheCentralPacificand1866ontheUnionPacific.TheprimaryreasonwasskepticismthataRailroadbuiltthroughsochallengingandthinlysettledastretchofdesert,mountain,andsemiaridplaincouldpayaprofit.Inthewordsofaneconomist,thiswasacaseof“prematureenterprise”,wherenotonlythecostofconstructionbutalsotheveryhighriskdeterredprivateinvestment.IndiscussingthePacificRailroadbill,thechairofthecongressionalcommitteebluntlystatedthatwithoutgovernmentsubsidynoonewouldundertakesounpromisingaventure;yetitwasanationalnecessitytolinkEastandWesttogether.

16. Theauthorreferstotheimpactofrailroadsbeforethelate1860’sas“limited”because____.

A. thetrackdidnottakethedirectroutefromonecitytothenext

B.passengersandfreighthadtotransfertoothermodesoftransportationtoreachwesterndestinations

C.passengerspreferredstagecoaches

D.railroadtravelwasquiteexpensive 

17. Whatcanbeinferredaboutcoachesandwagonfreightersastherailroad expanded?

A.  Theydevelopedcompetingroutes.

B.Theirdriversrefusedtoworkfortherailroads.

C.Theybegantospecializeinprivateinvestment.

D.Therewereinsufficientnumbersoftrainedpeopletooperatethem. 

18. WhydoestheauthormentiontheSierraNevadainline17?

A. ToarguethatamoredirectroutetotheWestcouldhavebeentaken.

B.ToidentifyahistoricallysignificantmountainrangeintheWest.

C.Topointoutthelocationofaserioustrainaccident.

D.Togiveanexampleofanobstaclefacedbythecentralpacific.  

19. Theword“subsidy”inline27isclosestinmeaningto _____.

A.persuasionB.financingC.explanationD.penalty

TEXTB

  Certainlynocreatureintheseaisodderthanthecommonseacucumber.Alllivingcreature,especiallyhumanbeings,havetheirpeculiarities,buteverythingaboutthelittleseacucumberseemsunusual.Whatelsecanbesaidaboutabizarreanimalthat,amongothereccentricities,eatsmud,feedsalmostcontinuouslydayandnightbutcanlivewithouteatingforlongperiods,andcanbepoisonousbutisconsideredsupremelyediblebygourmets?

Forsomefiftymillionyears,despiteallitseccentricities,theseacucumberhassubsistedonitsdietofmud.Itisadaptableenoughtoliveattachedtorocksbyitstubefeet,underrocksinshallowwater,oronthesurfaceofmudflats.CommonincoolwateronbothAtlanticandPacificshores,ithastheabilitytosuckupmudorsandanddigestwhatevernutrientsarepresent.Seacucumberscomeinavarietyofcolors,rangingfromblacktoreddishbrowntosandcolorandnearlywhite.Oneformevenhasvividpurpletentacles.Usuallythecreaturesarecucumbershaped—hencetheirname—andbecausetheyaretypicallyrockinhabitants,thisshape,combinedwithflexibility,enablesthemtosqueezeintocreviceswheretheyaresafefrompredatorsandoceancurrents.Althoughtheyhavevoraciousappetites,eatingdayandnight,seacucumbershavethecapacitytobecomequiescentandliveatalowmetabolicrate—feedingsparinglyornotatallforlongperiods,sothatthemarineorganismsthatprovidetheirfoodhaveachancetomultiply.Ifitwerenotforthisfaculty,theywoulddevourallthefoodavailableinashorttimeandwouldprobablystarvethemselvesoutofexistence.Butthemostspectacularthingabouttheseacucumberisthewayitdefendsitself.Itsmajorenemiesarefishandcrabs,whenattacked,itsquirtsallitsinternalorgansintowater.Italsocastsoffattachedstructuressuchastentacles.Theseacucumberwilleviscerateandregenerateitselfifitisattackedoreventouched;itwilldothesameifthesurroundingwatertemperatureistoohighorifthewaterbecomestoopolluted.

20. Accordingtothepassage,whyistheshapeofseacucumbersimportant?

A.Ithelpsthemtodigesttheirfood.

B.Ithelpsthemtoprotectthemselvesfromdanger.

C.Itmakesiteasierforthemtomovethroughthemud.

D.Itmakesthemattractivetofish.

21. Thefourthparagraphofthepassageprimarilydiscusses____.

A.thereproductionofseacucumbers

B.thefoodsourcesofseacucumbers

C.theeatinghabitsofseacucumbers

D.threatstoseacucumbers’existence

22. Whatcanbeinferredaboutthedefencemechanismsoftheseacucumber?

A.Theyareverysensitivetosurroundingstimuli.

B.Theyarealmostuseless.

C.Theyrequiregroupcooperation.

D.Theyaresimilartothoseofmostseacreatures.

23. WhichofthefollowingwouldNOTcauseaseacucumbertoreleaseits

internal  organsintothewater?

A.A