金融学毕业论文英文资料翻译(中英文全)Word下载.doc
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指导教师:
2012年6月
ImprovetheconceptoffinancialsupervisioninruralareasAmericanJournalofAgriculturalEconomics,2009.
XunQian
FarmersinChina'
svastpopulation,hassomelarge-scaleproductionofthefarmers,butalsosurvival-orientedfarmers,hugedifferencesbetweenthefinancialneedsofruralfinanceintermediationmakescomplex,togetherwithagricultureitselfistheprofitlow,naturalandmarketriskshighriskdecisiontoweakagriculturalindustrycharacteristics,resultinginthecostofruralfinancialtransactionsisfarhigherthanthecity,alsodecidedtoorganizetheruralfinancialsystemintermsofoperationorinthemarkethasitsownspecialcharacteristics.20yearsoffinancialreform,financialdevelopmentwhiletheChinesecitymadeimpressiveachievements,buttheruralfinanceistheentirefinancialsystemisstilltheweakestlink.Insufficientsupplyofruralfinance,competitionisnotsufficient,farmersandagriculturalenterprisesingettingloansandotherissuesisalsoveryprominent,backwardruralfinancialsystemcannolongereffectivelysupportthedevelopmentofmodernagricultureorthetransformationoftraditionalagricultureandthebuildingofnewsocialistcountryside,whichtoimprovetheruralfinancialsupervisionnewtopic.
China'
sruralfinancialregulatoryproblems
(A)theformationofChina'
sfinancialregulatorysystemhad"
alinethreecommission"
(People'
sBank,theSecuritiesRegulatoryCommission,InsuranceRegulatoryCommissionandtheBankingRegulatoryCommission)financialregulatorystructure.Bank
Thesestringentrequirements,differentmanagementanddiversificationofmonitoringhasitspositiverole,butitalsohadsomenegativeeffects.First,inefficientsupervision,supervisionofinternalconsumptionofhighcosts,limitedfinancialindustrybusinessdevelopmentandinnovationspace.Second,theregulatoryagencies,regulatorybodiesandtheinformationasymmetrybetweencentralbanks,banking,securities,andinsurancemechanismsofcoordinationbetweenregulatorybodiesare
notperfect.Informationbetweencentralbanksandregulatoryagenciesisdifficulttoshare,isdifficulttocreateeffectivemonitoringforce.Basicallybetweenthevariousregulatorsintheirrespectivestateregulators,regulatorypoliciesandmeasurestooverlappingorconflictingphenomenahaveoccurred,unabletocopewithChina'
scurrentruralfinancialmarketcomplexityanddiversityandsoon.Third,financialinstitutionshaveliquidityriskoroutofthemarketandsoon,maybeexcessivebecausethecentralbankassistance,financialinstitutionsandfinancialinstitutionsledtothepersonincharge"
capacityrisk"
and"
moralhazard"
orforfinancialinstitutionsregulatoryarbitragepossibilities;
addition,sincethelackofrecourse,mayadverselyaffectthefinancialstability.
(B)ruralfinancialecologicalenvironmentisnotin-depth
Thecurrentfinancialenvironmentinruralcountybuildingstillremainsinthelettertheuser,village,township,communitydevelopmentcreditlevel,"
government-led,human-propelled,departmentalinteraction"
andcreateamechanismforfinancialecologicalenvironmentinruralareaslack.Localgovernmentsandauthoritiestheimportanceoffinancialknowledgeoftheecologicalenvironmentisnotdeep,implementationandfunctionsofindividuallocalprotectionismandheavy,thereisinterferencewiththefinancialsectorcreditandotherdailybusinesssituation.Ruralcreditsystemlag,lackofbadcreditpunishmentmechanism,ruralbusinessesandresidentsintheoverallcreditawarenessisnothigh,ruralfinancedevelopmentandexpansionofsocialservicesandsocialprotectionoftheenvironmenthasnotyetformed.
(C)China'
sexistinglegalsystemoffinancialsupervisionandanumberofshortcomings,cannotguaranteethatfinancialregulationisreasonable,effective,standardizedimplementation
First,regulatorylag,supportingregulationsareincomplete,thecontentistoorough,toosimple,thebanking,securitiesandinsurancesupervisionlawsandregulationsmoreold,agenerallackofquantitativescience.Supervisoryregulationsandstandards,regulatorymethodsandtechnicalmeansnotmeetregulatoryrequirementsinthemarket.Staffintheactualimplementation,noteasytograspthescale,mayofoperation.Second,theChineseregulatorsandtheregulatedobjectsexistsomeinterest,andtheexistingregulations,lackofsupervisionandregulatoryenforcementaretoensurethatfinancialregulationcannotbejustandreasonable.Finally,China'
sfinancialsupervisionisstilldifficulttoshakeofftheinertiaoftheexecutive-styleregulatoryimpact.
(D)oftheRuralFinancingdriftingoutsidetheexistingfinancialregulatory
AccordingtoIFADstudy,Chinesefarmersfromtheinformalfinancialinstitutions,loansfromofficialcreditinstitutionsabout4times.Forfarmers,theimportanceofinformalfinancialmarketsovertheformalfinancialmarket.China'
smainlyruralfolkformoffinanceruralcreditcooperatives,Cooperation,privatelending,privatebanks,privatefunds,microfinance,etc.,ofwhichonlyruralcreditcooperativesandmicrofinanceinChina'
sfinancialsupervisionundertherestofthefinancialformsthelackofappropriatesupervision.Thegenerallackofruralfinancialorganizationsofcivilnorms,thereisabigrisk,China'
sexistinglawsandregulationsonprivatefinancialinstitutionsinruralareasisoneof"
isolation"
policy,makingalotofmoneyfromthedarkintotheruralfinancialmarketandgreaterregulationoffinancialdifficulty,onruralfinancialsecurityisapotentialthreat.
learnfromthedevelopedcountries
(A)improvecoordinationofruralfinancemechanismsforexternalsupervision
1.TheUnitedStates"
multiplecomposite"
ofthecoordinationmechanism.U.S.financialcooperationsysteminruralareasbythefederalmid-termcreditbanks,cooperativebanks,federallandbanksandfederallandbanksystemcomposedofthreeCooperatives,theFarmCreditAdministration(NCUA)leadership,andwiththeCouncilundertheleadershipoftheprivatebanksinruralcommercialcredit,NationalRuralCreditBankpolicyoftheUnitedStatessharedthetaskofruralfinancialintermediation.Theorganizationalmodelisatypicalmulti-modehybridsystem,threesystemshaveanindependentmanagementsystem,withcleartermsofreference.Toensurethehealthydevelopmentofruralfinancialinstitutions,commercialbanksintheUnitedStatesadoptedadifferentregulatorymodels,specificallysettinguparelativelysoundfinancialregulatorysysteminruralareas,includingregulators,industryself-regulationassociations,financialintermediationandmutualinsurancegroupclearingcenter,thefourkindofindependentagenciesandtheirsubsidiarybodies,thefunctionsofdifferent,butsharethesameobjectivesasacommonruralcooperativefinancialinstitutionstoservetheregulatorysystem.
2.Germany'
s"
comprehensiveregulatorymodel"
ofcoordinationmechanisms.LowconcentrationoftheGermanbankingsystem,intheveryimportantpartsofthebank,therepresentativeofthefinancialmixedoperation.CommonwealthBankandtheFederalFinancialSupervisoryAuthoritythepowertoregulatethetwomainregulatorsofthebankingsectorthereisacleardivisionoflabor,butalsoclosecooperation.CommonwealthBankinGermany,ninestateshavebranchoffices,usingtheirownnetworkadvantagestotheFederalFinancialSupervisoryAuthorityisresponsiblefordailytransmissionofdatabanksfocusfortheFederalFinancialAuthoritytoprovideabetterbasisfortheexerciseofregulatoryfunctions,butitisnotdirectlyinvolvedintheregulationwork,norhastheadministrativepunishment.TheFederalFinancialSupervisoryAuthoritydidnothavebranchesinthestates,itisdifficulttocarryoutregularsupervision,needtocooperatewiththeCommonwealthBanktoperformitsregulatoryfunctions.Germany'
smaincentralbanksandindustryrelyonthefederalauditoftheregulatorysystemandriskpreventionandprotectionsystemtoensureruralfinanceinthespecificationonthebasisofcontinuousdevelopment.
3.Japan'
complementeachother-type"
coordinationmechanism.InJapan,thedualsupervisionoftheimplementationofruralfinance:
first,theOfficeofGovernmentfinancialregulation,supervisionontheimplementationofvariousfinancialinstitutions,toachievetheoverallriskcontrol;
Second,nationalandlocalForestryandFisheriesDepartmentwiththeOfficeofFinancialRegulationontheimplementationofruralfinancialinstitutionssupervision,includingtheMinistryofAgricultureconsistsofthebranchonNorinchukinsupervision,ForestryandFisheriessetupinsixmajorareasofagriculturalareainCountyCouncilonjointsupervisionoftheletter,andall,RoadHouse,CountyFarmeroftheMinistryofAgriculturewithinitsjurisdictionAssociationforCooperativeFinanceSupervisionDepartment
(B)theestablishmentofdepositinsuranceandemergencyrescuesystemtoformathree-tiersafetynet
Developedfinancialsystemgenerallyestablishedstrictinternalmanagementsystem,depositinsurancesystemandthesystemofthreeemergencysafetynet.Asasecond-classsafetynetofdepositinsurancesystemhasbeenverysatisfactory.Thefederalgovernmentonruralfinanceunifiedcompulsorydepositinsurance,thespecificbusinessoperationbytheFederalDepositInsuranceCorporation'
sSavingsAssociationInsuranceFund,andtoassumesupervisionoftheinsuredfinancialinstituti