跨文化交际课件内容.docx

跨文化交际课件内容.docx

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跨文化交际课件内容

Unit1

AnIntroductiontoInterculturalCommunication

Intoday’sclass,you’lllearn…

WhatisInterculturalCommunication?

InterculturalCommunication（ICC）iscommunicationbetweenmembersofdifferentcultures.

ICC

WhatarethecategoriesofICC?

InternationalCom.

InterregionalCom.

InterracialCom.

InterethnicCom.

ICCasaHumanActivity

Earlyhistory

SilkRoad

MarcoPolo’sstayinChina

MonkJianZhen’smissiontoJapan

ZhengHe’ssevenvoyagestotheWesternSea

WhatmakesICCpervasive?

RecentDevelopment（fourtrends）

Convenienttransportationsystems

Innovativecommunicationsystems

Economicglobalization

Widespreadmigrations

TheImportanceofRaisingICCAwareness

Canyoudescribethephenomenonbyoneword?

Whatcompetenceisneededinsuccessfullydoingbusinessinternationally?

StumblingBlocksinICC

LanguageDifferences

AssumptionofSimilarities

NonverbalMisinterpretations

PreconceptionsandStereotypes

TendencytoEvaluate

Self-checkList

WhatisICC?

WhatarethecategoriesofICC?

HowimportantisraisingICCawareness?

WhatarethestumblingblocksinICC?

Unit2

UnderstandingCommunication

Inthisclass,you’llbeableto

I.knowdifferentdefinitionsofcommunication

II.identifyvariousingredientsofcommunication

III.analyzeacommunicationprocessandrecognizethecomponentsofcommunication

IV.identifythecharacteristicsofcommunication

WhatisCommunication?

交际intercourse

沟通linkup

Transmissionofinformation（amessage）betweenasource（sender）andareceiver,byusingsignalingsystem.（OxfordDictionary）

Communicationistheprocessofexchanginginformationandmeaningbetweenoramongindividualsthroughacommonsystemofsymbols,signs,andbehavior.

Communicationisadynamic,systematicprocessinwhichmeaningsarecreatedandreflectedinhumaninteractionwithsymbols.

FeaturesofCommunication

Interactive,systematic,symbolic

II.BasicIngredientsofCommunication

Source（sender）

Encoding

Message

Channel

Receiver

Decoding

Self-checkList

WhatisCommunication?

WhatarethefeaturesofCommunication?

WhatistheprocessofCommunication?

Unit3

VerbalCommunication—LexicalLevel

Intoday’sclass,wewill…

understandtheculturalinfluencesonthemeaningsofwords

analyzedenotativeandconnotativedifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesewords

I.TypesofLexicalMeaning

Denotation:

primary,explicit,conceptual

Connotation:

supplementary,implicit

Culturaldifferencesindenotativemeaning

A.Absenceofequivalentsinthespeakerorlistener'slanguage

Theabsenceoftheobject“Kang”

Theabsenceoftheword“Kang”

Theabsenceofobjects,events,concepts,etc.

Theabsenceofthenecessaryvocabulary

II.CulturalDifferencesinDenotativeMeanings

B.Theoverlappingofdenotativemeaning

Kinshipvocabulary

uncle,aunt,grandpa,grandma,brother,sister,niece,nephew,cousin

III.CulturaldifferencesinConnotativeMeanings

Family

KoreanTop3:

motherfather:

children,brother,sister:

relative

USATop3:

motherfather:

children,brother,loveandfriendship

Marriage

USATop3:

Love;respect;responsibilities

JapanTop3:

Trust;family;understanding

FranceTop3:

Love;passion;sex

ColorWords

Animalwords

ChineseDragon

WesternDragonImage

Phonix

Dog

Owl

Bat

Self-checkList

Theculturalinfluencesonthemeaningsofwords

Denotationandconnotation

Theconnotationsofsomecolorwordsandanimalwords

Unit4

VerbalCommunication—PragmaticLevel

Intoday’sclass,wewill…

lookatculturaldifferencesonpragmaticlevel

Addressing

ComplimentsandComplimentResponses

Apologizing

discussonhowthesesuperficialbehaviorsarerelatedtotheculturalassumptionsofthespeakers

I.Addressing

A.SurnamesandGivennames

B.Addressingfamilymembers,relativesandneighbors

C.TheUseofTitles

InChinese:

宋局长，高经理，刘老师

InEnglish:

Dr.,Mrs.,Miss,Ms,Mr.Judge,Governor,Mayor,President

D.Thewaysofgettingtheattentionofastranger

InChinese:

同志，师傅，大哥，叔叔，……

InEnglish:

Excuseme,Pardonme

Therootofthesedifferencesliesin…

Hierarchy&Formality

Equality

II.ComplimentsandComplimentResponses

DifferencesBetweenChineseandEnglishCompliments

Whoandwhattocompliment

Howtocompliment

Howoftentocompliment

Howtorespondacompliment

Membersofone’sfamily

Awoman’sappearance

Therootofthesedifferencesliesin…

MODESTY

Equality

III.Apologizing

Whentoapologize

Whotoapologize

Howtoapologizeandhowtorespond

Self-checkList

CulturalDifferencesonthePragmaticLevel

Addressingpeople

ComplimentsandComplimentResponses

Apologizing

Unit5

NonverbalCommunication（I）

Intoday’sclass,wewill…

understandwhatnonverbalcommunicationis;

knowthefunctionnonverbalcommunicationserves;

findouttheelementsofnonverbalcommunication;

gainanawarenessthatsuccessfulICCalsodependsonbehaviorswedisplay

I.UnderstandingNonverbalCommunication

NVCinvolvesallthosenonverbalstimuliinacommunicationsettingthataregeneratedbyboththesourceandhis/heruseoftheenvironmentandthathavepotentialmessagevalueforthesourceorreceiver.（Samovar,2000:

149）

Whichcarriesmoreofthemeaning,verbalornonverbalcommunication?

TheimportanceofNVC

II.TheFunctionsofNVC

Whenwesay“Thenewlibraryissouthofthatbuilding”,weusuallypointinacertaindirection.

Youtellsomeonethatyouarepleasedwithhis/herperformance,andatthesametimeyoupatthepersonontheshoulder.

Ifpeopleinagroupareboisterous,youmightplaceyourindexfingertoyourlipsasanalternativetosaying,“PleasecalmdownsothatIcanspeak.”

Inaconversationwenodourheadinagreementtoindicatetoourpartnersincommunicationthatweagreeandthattheyshouldcontinuetalking.

Justbeforetheexam,youtellmeyouarerelaxedandatease,yetyourvoicequaversandyourhandsshake.

III.ElementsofNonverbalCommunication

参见课本图例

1.MakingaGesture

Theringgesture

Britain:

_____

France:

_____

Tunisia:

______

U.S.:

_____

LatinAmerica:

_____

Japan:

_____

Thethumbs-up

Britain:

_____&_____

Sardinia:

_____

Greece:

_____

Beckoning

America:

_____

Malaysia:

_____

Yugoslavia:

_____

Indonesia:

_____

Australia:

_____

China:

_____

Pullingdownthelowerlidoftheeyewithonefinger

FranceandGreece:

_____

England:

_____

SpainandItaly:

_____

SouthAmerica:

_____

Ear-tug

Spain:

_____

Greece:

_____

Malta:

_____

Italy:

_____

V-sign

Britain:

_____

Greece:

_____

2.Posture

Japanese—bowingStatusandrank

Americans—slouchingRelaxed,informalattitude

3.FacialExpressions

Mediterraneancultures:

exaggeratesignsofgriefandsadness.

U.S.:

Mensuppressthedesiretoshowtheiremotions.

China:

Mennevershedtearsunlessinextremelystrongly-struckoccasions.

Japan:

Menhideexpressionsbylaughingorsmiling.

Smile=friendship?

FarEast:

coverupembarrassment,dismayorfury

Japan:

maskanemotion;toavoidansweringaquestion;tohideembarrassment

France:

apersonwhogrinstoomuch＝simple

Germany:

smilesarereservedforfamily,friendandsocialsituations,notinbusinesssettings.

4.Paralanguage

Self-checkList

ThedefinitionofNVC

ThefunctionsofNVC

TheelementsofNVC

Gestures,postures,facialexpressions

Unit6

NonverbalCommunication（II）—SPACE&TIME

ElementsofNonverbalCommunication

参见书上图例

Intoday’sclass,wewill…

appreciatehowattitudetowarduseofspaceandtimeconveynonverbalmessagesinICC

I.Space

Spacespeaks.

Whenyouinvademyspace,Iwill…

feeltroubled

getdefensive

becomeaggressive

retaliate

Proxemics

thestudyofpersonalspaceforthepurposeofcommunication近体学

“BodyBubbles”

AmericanInterpersonalDistance（Hall,1966）

Intimatedistance

Personaldistance

Socialdistance

Publicdistance

ZonesofSpace

Intimatedistance

0-45centimeters

Personaldistance

45-80centimeters

Socialdistance

1.3-3meters

Publicdistance

fartherthan2or3meters

NorthernAmericanZonesofSpace

Culturalstylesalsodeterminetheamountofpersonalspace.

CultureVariationofBodyDistance

Smallspace-----------------------------------------Largespace

Japanese

German

American

French

Arab

LatinAmerican

TouchCulturevs.Non-touchCulture

Touchculture

Non-touchculture

Arabs

SouthernandWestern

Europeans

Jews

Latins

Americans

NorthernEuropeans

Orientals

Touchingtimesrecordedinanhour

London

Florida

Paris

PuertoRico

0

2

10

18

Territoriality

thepatternbehaviorassociatedwiththedefenseofaterritory领地性

Thewaypeopleperceiveterritorialityisstronglyinfluencedbyculture.

Culturalinfluenceonterritorialitycanbebestillustratedfromthefollowingtwoaspects:

Attitudestowardscrowding

Privacy

Crowding—howpeoplefeelwhentheirpersonalspaceislimited

Chinese

English-speakingpeople

⏹tolerantofcrowding

⏹waitingpatiently

⏹cannotstandit

⏹trydoavoid

Causes

Chinese

English-speakingpeople

PopulationDensity

asenseof“togetherness”

asenseof“apartness”

ConceptofBodyTerritory

bodyitself

body+territoryaroundthebody

Privacy

Westernershaveastrongsenseofprivacy.

Orientalculturedoesnotemphasizeprivacy.

WesternViewofPrivacy

“Aman’shomeishiscastle.”

JapaneseViewofPrivacy

ShojiScreenDoors

FusumaSlidingDoors

TatamiFloors

II.Time

Timetalks

Chronemics

Thestudyoftheuseandperceptionoftime

Twowaystostudytheconceptoftime

（1）perceptionsofpast,presentandfuture

（2）monochronicvs.polychronic

Past-orientedcultures

emphasizetraditionandhistory

discouragechangeandinnovation

China,SaudiArabia

Present-oriented