跨文化交际上课内容unitWord格式.docx

跨文化交际上课内容unitWord格式.docx

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1.Assumptionofsimilarities;

2.Languagedifferences;

3.Nonverbalmisinterpretations;

4.PreconceptionsandStereotypes;

偏见和成见

5.TendencytoEvaluate;

6.HighAnxiety.极度焦虑

IV.FrenchLeaveandDutchCourage（p265-267）

1.DoyouknowsometermsandexpressionsinEnglishthatareformedwithnamesofothernationalities?

2.AmongtheEnglishidiomsmentionedinReadingI,someareemotionally“neutral”中立inthattheyonlydealwith“floraandfauna动植物andproducts”thatarenotnativetoEngland.However,someotheridiomsmaycarrytheBritishculturalvaluesandattitudestoothernations.

Forinstance,idiomswhichareculturallyneutralinclude:

Danishpastry,Flemishbond,Irishstew,Italichandwriting,Portugueseman-or-war,Russianroulette,Spanishfly,Scotchpine,Swissroll,TurkishdelightandWelshrarebit.

Idiomswhichareculturallyloaded从文化角度include:

Belgianhare,Dutchbarn,Frenchletter避孕套,Germanmeasles风疹,Greekgifts来者不善andSwedishdrill瑞典肌肉体操.

Homework:

FinishtheFill-inTaskexercise（p268）.Whatdotheymeaninthesentence?

1.French;

2.Dutch;

3.Greek;

4.English;

5.Russian;

6.Irish/Dutch;

7.Dutch;

8.Indian;

9.French;

10.Welsh.

goDutch（Dutchtreat）:

youpayyourownway,youshareexpenses.

I’maDutchman:

I’mnotmyself.我就不是人了！

inDutch:

indisfavour,introuble.<

AmE>

处境困难

We’vebeenDutched.:

We’vebeencheated.<

DrunkasaDutchman:

youaretotallyintoxicated醉了.

ADutchman:

（inarchitecture）adeviceforhidingorcounteractingstructuraldefects.

Dutchauction:

propertyisofferedatahighprice,whichisgraduallylowereduntilsomeonebuysit.喊价逐步减低的拍卖

Dutch（orwet）bargain:

anuneven,one-sideddeal不公平交易，靠酒的交易

BeattheDutch:

todosomethingremarkable令人惊讶

Dutchcap:

awoman’slacecapandacontraceptivedevice避孕器、阴道隔膜

Dutchconcert:

人声嘈杂eachperformerplaysadifferenttone;

discordantmusic

Dutchcourage:

braveryorcourageinducedbydrinking—probablylargequantities酒后之勇，一时的勇气

doubleDutch（或highDutch）:

gibberish莫名其妙的话

Dutchnightingale:

afrog

Dutchuncle严厉的批评者

Frenchleave:

不告而别（onceacustomprevalentin18thcenturyFrance,）guestswouldleaveareceptionwithoutsayinggoodbyetothehost,whichdevelopedintogoingAWOL（absentwithoutleave）fromthearmy.

Greeking:

cheatingatcards.

ThisisGreektome:

itisgibberish,unintelligible.莫名其妙。

不知怎么办

HisIrish（orhisDutch）isup:

Heisangry,he’sinatemper.

WalkSpanish:

tobeforcedtowalkwithsomeoneholdingyourcollarandtheseatofyourtrousers.小心翼翼地走

V.EthnocentrismandEthnorelativism（p272-276）民族优越感与民族相对主义

1.Whatisethnocentrism?

民族优越感

Ø

Mostotherculturesarebackward落后的comparedwithmyculture.

Mycultureshouldbetherolemodelforothercultures.

Otherculturesshouldtrytobemorelikemyculture.

Mostpeoplefromotherculturesjustdon’tknowwhat’sgoodorthem.

Ihavelittlerespectforthevaluesandcustomsofothercultures.

Mostpeoplewouldbehappieriftheylivedlikepeopleinmyculture.

Peopleinmyculturehavejustaboutthebestlifestylesofanywhere.

Lifestylesinotherculturesarenotasvalidasthoseinmyculture.

Idonotcooperatewithpeoplewhoaredifferent.

Idonottrustpeoplewhoaredifferent.

Idislikeinteractingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.

Otherculturesaresmarttolookuptomyculture.

Otherpeoplearemuchthesameasmypeople.

Ourwayofdoingthingsistheonlyrightway.

1）Ethnocentrismisnegativelyjudgingaspectsofanotherculturebythestandardsofone’sownculture.Itisthetechnicalnamefortheviewofthingsinwhichone’sowngroupisthecenterofeverything,andallothersarescaledandratedwithreferencetoit.

2）Itoccurswhenournationisseenasthecenteroftheworld.

3）Inotherwords,itreferstoourtendencytoidentifywithouringroup小团体andtoevaluateoutgroups外围团体andtheirmembersaccordingtoitsstandard.

2.Itisnotsuggestedthatethnocentrismisalwaysdeliberate故意的.Oftentheexpressionofethnocentrismisafunctionofhowwearesocialized.（seeexamplesonp273）

3.Ethnocentrismoftenisexpressedinthewaypeopledrawtheirmaps.Peopletendtodrawmapsoftheworldwiththeirowncountryatthecenterandwithotherpartsoftheworlddepictedas描绘peripheral.

4.Ethnocentrismcanalltooeasilyleadto“us”versus与…相对“them”thoughtandlanguage.Thecollectivepronouns“us”and“them”becomepowerfulinfluencesonperception.Thenamesgivento“them”canbeusedtojustifytheirsuppression抑制andeventheirextermination灭绝.（seethepoem“WeandThey”onp280-281）

5.Itseemstobereallyimpossibletoeradicate根除ethnocentrismthrougheducationandinterculturalexchange;

however,theydohelpreducethedegreeofethnocentrism,asortofnaturaltendency,forpeopleliveinthecontextoftheirculturesotheycanhardlygetridoftheirculture’sinfluencesontheirthinking,behavingandwayofliving.Whatoneneedstodoistodeveloptheattitudeofethnorelativism.

6.Whatisethnorelativism?

Itisjustoppositetotheattitudeofethnocentrism;

itisculturalrelativism文化相对主义.Itinvolvestheviewthatallculturesareofequalvalueandthevaluesandbehaviorsofaculturecanonlybejudgedusingthatcultureasaframeofreference.

VI.StereotypeandPrejudice（p292-295）

1.Stereotype成见

Astereotypeisafixednotionaboutpersonsinacertaincategory,withnodistinctionsmadeamongindividuals.Inotherwords,itisanover-generalized过分宽泛andoversimplified过于简单化beliefweusedtocategorize分类agroupofpeople.

2.Prejudice

1）Whatisprejudice?

Trueprejudicesarethosenegativeattitudesdirectedtowardgroups,especiallyracialandreligiousgroups,thatareformedbyhighlypersonalandunreasonedgeneralizationsaboutallormostmembersofthegroup.

2）Directresultsofprejudice:

theformationof形成了ingroupsandoutgroups.

3）Maincausesofracialprejudice:

种族偏见

a.ignorance[`iɡnərəns]无知,愚昧:

itleadstoindifferenceandhostility.

b.Insecurity无安全感:

itleadstofear.

4）Classificationsofprejudice:

a.Red-neck乡下佬racism:

basedonsomeimaginedstandard;

formaleducation.

b.Symbolicracism象征化种族主义:

expressedintermsofthreatstopeople’sbasicvaluesandto{thestatusquo现状.

c.Tokenism装门面，象征主义:

certainpeopleharbornegativefeelingsaboutagivengroupbutdonotwanttoadmitthisfacttothemselves;

theyengageinunimportant,butpositiveintergroup团体之间behaviors,thustheycaneffuseto流露出performmoreimportantintergroupbehaviors.

d.Arm’s-lengthprejudice:

certainpeopleengageinfriendly,positivebehaviortowardoutgroupmembersincertainsituationsbutholdthosesameoutgroupmembersatan“arm’slength”inothersituations.

e.Reallikesanddislikes:

membersofthegroupengagedinbehaviorsthatpeopledislike;

shouldbegivenmoreattention.

f.Thefamiliarandunfamiliar:

toexperiencebehaviorsorideasthatareunfamiliarandhencefeeluncomfortable;

alackofunderstandingandaninsensitivityregardingotherculturalgroups.

5）Relationamongstereotypes,prejudiceanddiscrimination歧视:

Whencognitions认识（stereotypes）areassignedvalues（prejudice）,wemayenactbiasedaction（eg.discrimination）.

6）Prejudicevariesprincipally主要的alongthedimensionofintensity.Fivecommonformsofprejudicecanbeidentifiedintermsofintensity:

verbalabuse说粗话,physicalavoidance,discrimination,physicalattack,andmassacre.屠杀

7）Howtoovercomestereotypesandprejudice:

Empathy感同身受isthemaincommunicationskillweshouldlearntosolvetheproblemthroughtheface-to-faceinteraction.Empathicpersonsknowhowtoshowunderstandingbyprojectingthemselvesintotheirpartner’sposition.Thismeansthattobeempathicininterculturalinteractionsweneedtobeopen-mindedintermsofinformationsharings,tobeimaginativeincorrectlydrawingthepictureofother’ssituation,andtoshowacommitment承诺orstrongwillingnesstounderstandourculturallydifferentpartnersinanykindofsituation.

topicsfordiscussion

1.“Gaijin”inJapanese（p269-270）and“LaoWai”inChinese

2.thestereotypedimagesofdifferentculturesintheUS（p276-278）andthestereotypesofAmericans（p278-279）

VII.CaseStudy:

StudentsarerequiredtoreadthecasesgivencarefullyandtrytoanalysethemfromtheviewpointofIC.

VIII.