美国独立宣言英文版.docx

美国独立宣言英文版.docx

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美国独立宣言英文版

美国《独立宣言》（英文稿）

TheDeclarationofIndependence

ActionofSecondContinentalCongress,July4,1776

TheunanimousDeclarationofthethirteenUnitedStatesofAmerica

WHENintheCourseofhumanEvents,itbecomesnecessaryforonePeopletodissolvethePoliticalBandswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthePowersoftheEarth,theseparateandequalStationtowhichtheLawsofNatureandofNature'sGodentitlethem,adecentRespecttotheOpinionsofMankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheSeparation.

WEholdtheseTruthstobeself-evident,thatallMenarecreatedequal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongtheseareLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappiness--ThattosecuretheseRights,GovernmentsareinstitutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned,thatwheneveranyFormofGovernmentbecomesdestructiveoftheseEnds,itistheRightofthePeopletoalterortoabolishit,andtoinstitutenewGovernment,layingitsFoundationonsuchPrinciples,andorganizingitsPowersinsuchForm,astothemshallseemmostlikelyto

effecttheirSafetyandHappiness.Prudence,indeed,willdictatethatGovernmentslongestablishedshouldnotbechangedforlightandtransientCauses;andaccordinglyallExperiencehathshewn,thatMankindaremoredisposedtosuffer,whileEvilsaresufferable,thantorightthemselvesbyabolishingtheFormstowhichtheyareaccustomed.ButwhenalongTrainofAbusesandUsurpations,pursuinginvariablythesameObject,evincesaDesigntoreducethemunderabsoluteDespotism,itistheirRight,itistheirDuty,tothrowoffsuchGovernment,andtoprovidenewGuardsfortheirfutureSecurity.SuchhasbeenthepatientSufferanceoftheseColonies;andsuchisnowtheNecessitywhichconstrainsthemtoaltertheirformerSystemsofGovernment.TheHistoryofthepresentKingofGreat-BritainisaHistoryofrepeatedInjuriesandUsurpations,allhavingindirectObjecttheEstablishmentofanabsoluteTyrannyovertheseStates.Toprovethis,letFactsbesubmittedtoacandidWorld.

HEhasrefusedhisAssenttoLaws,themostwholesomeandnecessaryforthepublicGood.

HEhasforbiddenhisGovernorstopassLawsofimmediateandpressingImportance,unlesssuspendedintheirOperationtillhisAssentshouldbeobtained;andwhensosuspended,hehasutterlyneglectedtoattendtothem.

HEhasrefusedtopassotherLawsfortheAccommodationoflargeDistrictsofPeople,unlessthosePeoplewouldrelinquishtheRightofRepresentationintheLegislature,aRightinestimabletothem,andformidabletoTyrantsonly.

HEhascalledtogetherLegislativeBodiesatPlacesunusual,uncomfortable,anddistantfromtheDepositoryoftheirpublicRecords,forthesolePurposeoffatiguingthemintoCompliancewithhisMeasures.

HEhasdissolvedRepresentativeHousesrepeatedly,foropposingwithmanlyFirmnesshisInvasionsontheRightsofthePeople.

HEhasrefusedforalongTime,aftersuchDissolutions,tocauseotherstobeelected;wherebytheLegislativePowers,incapableoftheAnnihilation,havereturnedtothePeopleatlargefortheirexercise;theStateremaininginthemeantimeexposedtoalltheDangersofInvasionfromwithout,andtheConvulsionswithin.

HEhasendeavouredtopreventthePopulationoftheseStates;forthatPurposeobstructingtheLawsforNaturalizationofForeigners;refusingtopassotherstoencouragetheirMigrationshither,andraisingtheConditionsofnewAppropriationsofLands.

HEhasobstructedtheAdministrationofJustice,byrefusinghisAssenttoLawsforestablishingJudiciaryPowers.

HEhasmadeJudgesdependentonhisWillalone,fortheTenureoftheirOffices,andtheAmountandPaymentoftheirSalaries.

HEhaserectedaMultitudeofnewOffices,andsenthitherSwarmsofOfficerstoharrassourPeople,andeatouttheirSubstance.

HEhaskeptamongus,inTimesofPeace,StandingArmies,withouttheconsentofourLegislatures.

HEhasaffectedtorendertheMilitaryindependentofandsuperiortotheCivilPower.

HEhascombinedwithotherstosubjectustoaJurisdictionforeigntoourConstitution,andunacknowledgedbyourLaws;givinghisAssenttotheirActsofpretendedLegislation:

FORquarteringlargeBodiesofArmedTroopsamongus;

FORprotectingthem,byamockTrial,fromPunishmentforanyMurderswhichtheyshouldcommitontheInhabitantsoftheseStates:

FORcuttingoffourTradewithallPartsoftheWorld:

FORimposingTaxesonuswithoutourConsent:

FORdeprivingus,inmanyCases,oftheBenefitsofTrialbyJury:

FORtransportingusbeyondSeastobetriedforpretendedOffences:

FORabolishingthefreeSystemofEnglishLawsinaneighbouringProvince,establishingthereinanarbitraryGovernment,andenlargingitsBoundaries,soastorenderitatonceanExampleandfitInstrumentforintroducingthesameabsoluteRulesintotheseColonies:

FORtakingawayourCharters,abolishingourmostvaluableLaws,andalteringfundamentallytheFormsofourGovernments:

FORsuspendingourownLegislatures,anddeclaringthemselvesinvestedwithPowertolegislateforusinallCaseswhatsoever.

HEhasabdicatedGovernmenthere,bydeclaringusoutofhisProtectionandwagingWaragainstus.

HEhasplunderedourSeas,ravagedourCoasts,burntourTowns,anddestroyedtheLivesofourPeople.

HEis,atthisTime,transportinglargeArmiesofforeignMercenariestocompleattheWorksofDeath,Desolation,andTyranny,alreadybegunwithcircumstancesofCrueltyandPerfidy,scarcelyparalleledinthemostbarbarousAges,andtotallyunworthytheHeadofacivilizedNation.

HEhasconstrainedourfellowCitizenstakenCaptiveonthehighSeastobearArmsagainsttheirCountry,tobecometheExecutionersoftheirFriendsandBrethren,ortofallthemselvesbytheirHands.

HEhasexciteddomesticInsurrectionsamongstus,andhasendeavouredtobringontheInhabitantsofourFrontiers,themercilessIndianSavages,whoseknownRuleofWarfare,isanundistinguishedDestruction,ofallAges,SexesandConditions.

INeverystageoftheseOppressionswehavePetitionedforRedressinthemost

humbleTerms:

OurrepeatedPetitionshavebeenansweredonlybyrepeatedInjury.

APrince,whoseCharacteristhusmarkedbyeveryactwhichmaydefineaTyrant,

isunfittobetheRulerofafreePeople.

NORhavewebeenwantinginAttentionstoourBritishBrethren.Wehavewarned

themfromTimetoTimeofAttemptsbytheirLegislaturetoextendan

unwarrantableJurisdictionoverus.WehaveremindedthemoftheCircumstances

ofourEmigrationandSettlementhere.WehaveappealedtotheirnativeJustice

andMagnanimity,andwehaveconjuredthembytheTiesofourcommonKindredto

disavowtheseUsurpations,which,wouldinevitablyinterruptourConnectionsand

Correspondence.TheytoohavebeendeaftotheVoiceofJusticeandof

Consanguinity.Wemust,therefore,acquiesceintheNecessity,whichdenounces

ourSeparation,andholdthem,asweholdtherestofMankind,EnemiesinWar,

inPeace,Friends.

WE,therefore,theRepresentativesoftheUNITEDSTATESOFAMERICA,inGENERAL

CONGRESS,Assembled,appealingtotheSupremeJudgeoftheWorldforthe

RectitudeofourIntentions,do,intheName,andbyAuthorityofthegood

PeopleoftheseColonies,solemnlyPublishandDeclare,ThattheseUnited

Coloniesare,andofRightoughttobe,FREEANDINDEPENDENTSTATES;thatthey

areabsolvedfromallAllegiancetotheBritishCrown,andthatallpolitical

ConnectionbetweenthemandtheStateofGreat-Britain,isandoughttobe

totallydissolved;andthatasFREEANDINDEPENDENTSTATES,theyhavefullPower

tolevyWar,concludePeace,contractAlliances,establishCommerce,andtodo

allotherActsandThingswhichINDEPENDENTSTATESmayofrightdo.Andforthe

supportofthisDeclaration,withafirmRelianceontheProtectionofdivine

Providence,wemutuallypledgetoeachotherourLives,ourFortunes,andour

sacredHonor.

JohnHancock.

GEORGIA,ButtonGwinnett,LymanHall,Geo.Walton.

NORTH-CAROLINA,Wm.Hooper,JosephHewes,JohnPenn.

SOUTH-CAROLINA,EdwardRutledge,ThosHeyward,junr.,ThomasLynch,junr.,

ArthurMiddleton.

MARYLAND,SamuelChase,Wm.Paca,Thos.Stone,CharlesCarroll,ofCarrollton.

VIRGINIA,GeorgeWythe,RichardHenryLee,Ths.Jefferson,Benja.Harrison,

Thos.Nelson,jr.,FrancisLightfootLee,CarterBraxton.

PENNSYLVANIA,Robt.Morris,BenjaminRush,Benja.Franklin,JohnMorton,Geo.

Clymer,Jas.Smith,Geo.Taylor,JamesWilson,Geo.Ross.

DELAWARE,CaesarRodney,Geo.Read.

NEW-YORK,Wm.Floyd,Phil.Livingston,FrankLewis,LewisMorris.

NEW-JERSEY,Richd.Stockton,Jno.Witherspoon,Fras.Hopkinson,JohnHart,Abra.

Clark.

NEW-HAMPSHIRE,JosiahBartlett,Wm.Whipple,MatthewThornton.

MASSACHUSETTS-BAY,Saml.Adams,JohnAdams,Robt.TreatPaine,ElbridgeGerry.

RHODE-ISLANDANDPROVIDENCE,C.Step.Hopkins,WilliamEllery.

CONNECTICUT,RogerSherman,Saml.Huntington,Wm.Williams,OliverWolcott.

INCONGRESS,JANUARY18,1777.

在有关人类事务的发展过程中，当一个民族必须解除其和另一个民族之间的政治联系，并在世界各国之间依照自然法则和上帝的意旨，接受独立和平等的地位时，出于人类舆论的尊重，必须把他们不得不独立的原因予以宣布。

　　我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：

人人生而平等，造物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自由权和追求幸福的权利。

为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。

当任何形式的政府对这些目标具破坏作用时，人民便有权力改变或废除它，以建立一个新的政府；其赖以奠基的原则，其组织权力的方式，务使人民认为唯有这样才最可能获得他们的安全和幸福。

为了慎重起见，成立多年的政府，是不应当由于轻微和短暂的原因而予以变更的。

过去的一切经验也都说明，任何苦难，只要是尚能忍受，人类都宁愿容忍，而无  

意为了本身的权益便废除他们久已习惯了的政府。

但是，当追逐同一目标的一连串滥用职权和强取豪夺发生，证明政府企图把人民置于专制统治之下时，那么人民就有权利，也有义务推翻这个政府，并为他们未来的安全建立新的保障－－这就是这些殖民地过去逆来顺受的情况，也是它们现在不得不改变以前政府制度的原因。

当今大不列颠国王的历史，是接连不断的伤天害理和强取豪夺的历史，这些暴行的唯一目标，就是想在这些州建立专制的暴政。

为了证明所言属实，现把下列事实向公正