最新职称英语学习资料阅读理解讲义8Word文档下载推荐.docx
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1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisaverylikelycauseofulcerinmen?
A)Smokingandstress.
B)Drinkingandsmoking.
C)Genesandchildren.
D)Useofacertainmedicine.
2.Whatfactorscontributetooverhalftheulcers?
A)Hereditaryfactors.
B)Economicfactors.
C)Environmentalfactors.
D)Geneticfactors.
3.Inrelationtoulcers,expertsstudytwinsinordertoexamine
A)therolesofgeneticfactors.
B)therolesofenvironmentalfactors.
C)therolesofbothfactors.
D)therolesofbrotherhood.
4.Whatdoes"
environmentaleffects"
inthefifthparagraphreferto?
A)Acleanenvironmentwithnosmokeanddustsurroundingthelivingarea.
B)Smokingandstressinmenanduseofpain-killingmedicineinWomen.
C)Factorssharedbyfamilymemberssuchasgenesandthefoodtheyeat.
D)SharedexposuretoH.pyloriinfectionintheuncleanenvironment.
5.Thepassagearguesthat
A)ulcersarerelatedtogenes.
B)ulcersarerelatedtolifestyle.
C)ulcersappearinmenandwomen.
D)ulcersarecausedbypyloriinfection.
KEY:
ACCBB
PASSAGE52
FirstAid
Firstaidisemergencycareforavictimofsuddenillnessorinjuryuntilmoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentisavailable.Firstaidmaysavealifeorimprovecertainvitalsignsincludingpulse,temperature,anunobstructedairway,andbreathing.Inminoremergencies,firstaidmaypreventavictim'
sconditionfromworseningandproviderelieffrompain.Firstaidmustbeadministeredasquicklyaspossible.Inthecaseofthecriticallyinjured,afewminutescanmakethedifferencebetweencompleterecoveryandlossoflife.
First-aidmeasuresdependuponavictim'
sneedsandprovider'
slevelofknowledgeandskill.Knowingwhatnottodoinanemergencyisasimportantasknowingwhattodo.Improperlymovingapersonwithaneckinjury,forexample,canleadtopermanentspinalinjuryandparalysis.
Despitethevarietyofinjuriespossible,severalprinciplesoffirstaidapplytoallemergencies.Thefirststepistocallforprofessionalmedicalhelp.Thevictim,ifconscious,shouldbereassuredthatmedicalaidhasbeenrequested,andaskedforpermissiontoprovideanyfirstaid.Next,assessthescene,askingotherpeopleortheinjuredperson'
sfamilyorfriendsaboutdetailsoftheinjuryorillness,anycarethatmayhavealreadybeengiven,andpreexistingconditionssuchasdiabetesorhearttrouble.Thevictimshouldbecheckedformedicalbraceletorcardthatdescribesspecialmedicalconditions.Unlesstheaccidentscenebecomesunsafeorthevictimmaysufferfurtherinjury,donotmovethevictim.
Firstaidrequiresrapidassessmentofvictimstodeterminewhetherlife-threateningconditionsexist.Onemethodforevaluatingavictim'
sconditionisknownbytheacronymABC,whichstandsfor:
A-Airway:
isitopenandunobstructed?
B-Breathing:
isthepersonbreathing?
Look,listen,andfeelforbreathing.
C-Circulation:
isthereapulse?
Isthepersonbleedingexternally?
Checkskincolorandtemperatureforadditionalindicationsofcirculationproblems.
Onceobviousinjurieshavebeenevaluated,theinjuredperson'
sheadshouldbekeptinaneutralpositioninlinewiththebody.Ifnoevidenceexiststosuggestpotentialskullorspinalinjury,placetheinjuredpersoninacomfortableposition.Positionedononeside,avictimcanvomitwithoutchokingorobstructingtheairway.
1.Itisveryimportantinfirstaidto
A)movetheinjuredpersonfromthesceneofaccidentimmediately.
B)spendafewminutesformakingthedifferencebetweenrecoveryanddeath.
C)knowwhattodoandwhatnottodoaccordingtotheconditionofthevictim.
D)removethemedicalbraceletorcardfromthevictim.
2.OneofthefollowingpracticesisNOTrightinthefirstaid,thatis,
A)tocheckwhetherthevictimisbreathing.
B)toletthevictimlieononeside.
C)totelephoneahospitalatonce.
D)towaitpatientlyformoreskillfulmedicaltreatmentbeforecarryingonfirstaid.
3.Thearticleimpliesthattheprovideroffirstaidshouldbeespeciallycareful
A)inhandingthevictimonlyifhelearnsthatthevictimhasbothdiabetesandhearttrouble.
B)inhandingthevictimifhelearnthatthevictimhasdiabetesorhearttrouble.
C)nottomovethevictimifhefindsamedicalbraceletonthevictim.
D)nottomovethevictimifhefindstheaccidentscenetobeunsafe.
4.Accordingtothisarticle,firstaidisusuallyprovidedby
A)professionaldoctors.
B)thevictim'
sfamilymembers.
C)thevictim'
sfriends.
D)thosepeoplewhoarenotnecessarilyprofessionaldoctors.
5.Thisarticlecanbesaidtobeoneto
A)givebasicknowledgeabouthowtopracticefirstaid.
B)giveabriefintroductiontothehistoryoffirstaid.
C)givesomeknowledgetoanyonewhomaybeinjuredinanaccident.
D)givewarningthatfirstaidisdangeroustothosewhodonotknowtodoit.
Key:
CDBDA
PASSAGE53
Sleeplessness
Insomniaorsleeplessnessisacommoncomplaintofwomenastheyenterintomenopause.
Insomniameanshavingtroublefallingasleeporstayingasleeporthefeelingthatyoursleepwasnotadequateforyou.Forwomenwhoarehavingnightsweats,theirsleepisbrokenbyfrequentawakeningandthereforenotrefreshing.Generallyoncethenightsweatsarecontrolledanormalsleeppatternreturns.Ifitdoesn'
titmaybe,orhavebecomechronicinsomnia.Howdoyouknow?
Ifyousufferfrominsomniaeverynightormostnightsforaperiodofonemonththenyouhavechronicinsomnia.Ifyou'
renothavingnightsweatsthenit'
stimetolookforothercausesofsleeplessness.Depressionandanxietydisordersarethemostcommoncausesofchronicinsomnia.Ifyoufeeldepressedyouneedtobecheckedbyaqualifiedhealthcareprovider.Movementdisorderssuchasrestlesslegsyndromearesecondonthelistofinsomniaforthem;
therearenewmedicinesthatmayhelp.Othercommoncausesareshiftworking,andpain.
Inupto30%ofpeoplewithchronicinsomnianocausecanbeidentified.Medicaltreatmentofthesepeoplehasgenerallybeenwithsleepingpills.Itisestimatedthat25%oftheadultpopulationinAmericatooksometypeofmedicinesforsleeplastyear.Itisgenerallyagreedthatsleepingpillsshouldonlybeinthelowestdoseandfortheshortestpossibletime.
Sleephygieneisdirectedatchangingbadsleephabits.Therecommendationsare:
-Gotobedonlywhensleepy.-Donotwaituptoaspecifiedtime.-Avoidcaffeineandalcoholintheevening,etc.
1.Theword"
insomnia"
means
A)havingtroublefallingasleep.
B)feelingthatsleepisenough.
C)Havingnosweatsatnight.
D)Havingnormalsleeppattern.
2.Howmanypossiblecausesofsleeplessnessarementionedinthesecondparagraph?
A)Five
B)Six
C)Seven
D)Numerous
3.Theexpression"
Secondonthelist"
inthesecondparagraphmeans
A)thesecondcauseofallkindsofsleeplessness.
B)Thesecondmostimportantcauseofsleeplessness.
C)Thesecondonthedoctor'
slistaboutsleeplesspeople.
D)Thesecondonthewriter'
slistrecordingsleeplessness.
4.Concerningtheuseofsleepingpills,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?
A)MostadultAmericansusesleepingpillsforsleep.
B)Doctorsseldomgivesleeplesspeoplesleepingpills.
C)Sleepingpillsshouldbeusedforaveryfixedperiod.
D)Sleepingpillsshouldbeusedinaverysmallamount.
5.Whichofthefollowingdoesnotfitwithsleephygiene?
A)Makearuletogotobedataspecifictimeeveryday.
B)Gotobedwhensleepy,notalwaysatthesametime.
C)Trynottodrinkanycaffeineandalcoholintheevening
D)Changebadsleephabitsandfollowdoctors'
advice
ABBDA
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