整理胡壮麟《语言学教程》测试题及答案Word格式.docx
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C.crash
D.bang
3。
Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade."
is__________。
A.interrogative
B.directive
C。
informative
D。
performative
4.
InChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikelytosay“碎碎(岁岁)平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffecttheirlives。
Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?
Interpersonal
Emotive
C。
Performative
D。
Recreational
5.
Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?
A.Transferability
B。
Duality
C.Displacement
Arbitrariness
6。
Studythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsoflanguage?
—Aniceday,isn’tit?
—Right!
Ireallyenjoythesunlight.
A.Emotive
Phatic
D。
Interpersonal
7.
__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser'
sknowledgeoftherulesofhislanguageinutterances。
A.Performance
Competence
C.Langue
D.Parole
8.
Whenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow。
Itcouldn’tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesignfeatureof__________。
culturaltransmission
B。
productivity
C.displacement
duality
9.
__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage。
Psycholinguistics
Anthropologicallinguistics
C.Sociolinguistics
Appliedlinguistics
10。
__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation。
A.Linguistictheory
B。
Practicallinguistics
C.Appliedlinguistics
D.Comparativelinguistics
II。
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.(10%)
11.
Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage。
12。
Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary。
13.
Speakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.
14。
Languageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.
15。
Wewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofanylanguagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.
16.
Onlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate。
17.
。
DeSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20thcentury,wasaFrenchlinguist.
18。
AstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare'
stimeisanexampleofthediachronicstudyoflanguage。
19。
Speechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.
20.
Allthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.
III.
Fillintheblanks.(10%)
21.
Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication。
22。
Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules。
Thisfeatureisusuallytermed__________.
23。
Languagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkaboutitself。
Thisfunctionis__________.
24。
Theorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperformingheavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory。
25.
Linguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage。
26。
Modernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve。
27。
Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________overwriting。
28。
Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa__________study.
29.
Saussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.
30。
LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s__________.
IV。
Explainthefollowingterms,usingexamples.(20%)
31。
Designfeature
32。
Displacement
33.
Competence
34.Synchroniclinguistics
V.
Answerthefollowingquestions.(20%)
35。
Whydopeopletakedualityasoneoftheimportantdesignfeaturesofhumanlanguage?
Canyoutelluswhatlanguagewillbeifithasnosuchdesignfeature?
(南开大学,2004)
36.
Whyisitdifficulttodefinelanguage?
(北京第二外国语大学,2004)
VI。
Analyzethefollowingsituation.(20%)
37.
Howcanalinguistmakehisanalysisscientific?
(青岛海洋大学,1999)
第二章:
语音
I.
Choosethebestanswer.(20%)
1。
Pitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences。
A。
intonation
B.tone
pronunciation
D.voice
2.
Conventionallya__________isputinslashes(//)。
allophone
B.phone
phoneme
morpheme
Anaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.
A.analogues
B.tagmemes
C.morphemes
D.allophones
Theopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas__________.
A.glottis
B.vocalcavity
C.pharynx
uvula
5。
Thediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterareknownas__________diphthongs.
wide
B.closing
narrow
D.centering
6.
Aphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________。
minimalpairs
B.allomorphs
phones
allophones
Whichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?
A.Acousticphonetics
Articulatoryphonetics
Auditoryphonetics
Noneoftheabove
8。
Whichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?
A.[n]
B.[m]
C。
[b]
[p]
9。
Whichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?
[i:
]
B.[u]
C.[e]
[i]
Whatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?
Voiceless
Voiced
Glottalstop
D.Consonant
Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse。
(10%)
11。
Suprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslargerthanthesegment—phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.
12.
Theairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquirethequalityofaspeechsound。
Twosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonotcontrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,butmerelyadifferentpronunciation。
[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.
Acousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.
Allsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda。
17。
Whenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace。
18.
Accordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedintotensevs.laxorlongvs。
short。
19.
ReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople。
20。
Themaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplaceaconsonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.
Fillintheblanks。
(20%)
21。
Consonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,whileallvowelsoundsare__________.
22.
Consonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemoutharebroughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.
Thequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.
24.
Oneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthehighestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueisraised。
Consonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout__________。
26.
Inphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimplybecauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/。
Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________。
InEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymovingfromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions。
28.
__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowtheinfluenceoftheirneighbors。
29。
__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit。
Speechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs。
IV.
31.
Soundassimilation
Suprasegmentalfeature
33。
Complementarydistribution
34.
Distinctivefeatures
V。
Whatisacousticphonetics?
(中国人民大学,2003)
36。
Whatarethedifferencesbetweenvoicedsoundsandvoicelesssoundsintermsofa