状语从句学生版Word文件下载.docx
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Whentreesarecutdownandnaturalhabitatsdestroyed,weshouldprotectwildanimalsfromdyingout.
Wheneveryonerealizestherisksofdeforestation,Iamsurethatthenaturalhabitatsofwildlifewillbebetterconserved.
Itisunnecessarytoconductexperimentsonanimalswhentherearealotofalternativestotheexperiments.
while只能与延续性动词连用
CouldyoulookafterRobertwhileIampreparingthereport?
Whilewesaveendangeredspecies,weareinterferingwiththeevolutionaryprocess.
as表示两个动作的同时性,意为“一边……,一边……”;
“随着时间的推移”
Thechildrensangastheyclimbedthemountain.
Ashumanpopulationcontinuestogrow,theeffectsofpollutiononwildlifeworsen.
Asthenaturalenvironmentshrinksinthefaceofhumanexpansion,wildanimalsarelefthomeless.
2>
Before/since
Before
A表示“还未……就……,不到……就……”
Wehadsailedfourdaysandfournightsbeforewesawland.
Bbefore从句中,谓语不用否定
Beforetheyreachedthestation,thetrainhadgone.
Citwillbe+一段时间+before“还要多久才……”
还得再过半年我才能回来。
过不了多久我们就会再见面了。
Weshouldtakestepstoconserveendangeredanimalsbeforeitistoolate.
Since
引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。
IhavebeeninBeijingsinceyouleft.
常用句型:
itis+时间段+since+从句
Itisthreeyearssincethewarbrokeout.
写作:
我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。
3>
till/until/not...until
肯定句:
主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词,主从句都是肯定,意味:
某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止。
Heremainedthereuntil/tillshearrived.
Youmaystayhereuntil/tillthetrainstops.
Theissueofanimalwelfareshouldbekeptoutofourfocusuntilwesatisfyourownneeds.
否定句:
主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词,从句为肯定,意味:
某动作直到某时间才开始。
Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.
Till不可以放在句首,until可以。
直到你告诉我,我才知道这件事。
Untildevelopingcountriescanrealizeself-reliance,theprotectionofbiodiversityisaluxurytothem.
Not...until句型中的强调和倒装
ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.
NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.()
4>
副词:
immediately,directly,instantly=assoonas
刚一见面,我就认出了她。
一按电钮,机器就立即开动起来。
5>
名词:
themoment,theminute,theinstant=assoonas;
theday,theyear,everytime,eachtime,nexttime,lasttime
她一到,我就要见她。
我们已经二十年没见了,可是我一见到他就认出他来。
我一见到他就认出他来。
HeleftEuropetheyearWorldWarⅡbrokeout.
Theday(onwhich)hewasinducted,hewasnotfeelingwell.
6>
介词短语:
bythetime/now/then/thistime/nextFriday/theend/3o’clock...到...时候(已经发生),主句谓语多用完成时
Bythetimehearrivedhere,hisbestfriendhadleft.
7>
nosooner…than,hardly(scarcely)…when,一……就……;
nosooner,hardly,scarcely引导的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时,than,when引导的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时,并且nosooner,hardly,scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。
Ihadhardlygothomewhenitbegantorain.
HardlyhadIgothomewhenitbegantorain.
Humanityishardly/scarcelycreatingitsownmassextinctionwhenitbeginstobreaktheecologicalbalance.
Hardly/scarcelydosomeanimalsdieoutwhenhardierspeciesreplacethem.
Nosoonerdochildrenraiseapetthantheydevelopacaringmind.
2.原因状语从句:
Because/since/as
Because
表示直接原因,语气最强。
Heisdisappointedbecausehedidn'
tgettheposition.
习惯上不与so连用
正:
Becauseitwasraining,westayedathome./Itwasraining,sowestayedathome.
误:
Becauseitwasraining,sowestayedathome.
Becausethetropicalforesthasbeendepictedasecologicallyunfitforlarge-scalehumanoccupation,someenvironmentalistshaveopposeddevelopmentofanykind.
Hollywoodfilmsappealedbecausetheyhadbetterconstructednarratives,theirspecialeffectsweremoreimpressive,andthestarsystemaddedanewdimensiontoscreenacting.
Since
引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。
Sinceyouarefreetoday,youhadbetterhelpmewithmymathematics.
Sincetheaimofarchaeologyistheunderstandingofhumankind,itisahumanisticstudy,andsinceitdealswiththehumanpast,itisahistoricaldiscipline.
Sincethenumberofgrammarschoolsinthecountrycouldaccommodateatmostapproximately25percentofthetotalchildpopulationofeleven-plus,somekindofselectionhadtobemade.
As
引导原因状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。
Asitisraining,Iwillnotgoout.
Thousandsstarvedastheharvestsfailed,aftersnowinJuneandfrostsinAugust.
nowthat/Considering/Giventhat
Nowthat既然
既然你提及了,我的确是记得。
Considering考虑到
考虑到这件毛衣是手工制作的,价格似乎很合理。
Giventhat考虑到
Giventhatthesecharacteristicshaveanaturalbasis,itisclearthathowapersoniswhenheisbornhasagreatinfluence.
补充:
for引导的是并列句表示原因但并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。
Hecouldnothaveseenme,forIwasnotthere.他不可能见过我,因为我不在那里。
Heseldomgoesoutnow,forheisveryold.他现在难得出门了,因为他年事已高。
位置
内涵
语气
能否回答why
强调
because
主句前或后
直接因果关系
强
Y
As/since
双方都知道
弱
N
for
主句前
3.地点状语从句:
Thehumanraceshouldprotectendangeredanimalspecieswherethespeciescanbetakengoodcareof.
Generally,thewildlifeisonthebrinkofdyingoutwherethereareseriouspollutions.
Whereverzoosarelocated,theywillcauseair,waterandsoilpollutionandeventransmitdiseases.
4.目的状语从句
Sothat/Inorderthat
inorderthat位于句子之前或之后,sothat,只能在句中。
Sothat:
Zoospreservespeciesfrombecomingextinctsothattheycanbereintroducedintoecosystems.
IprefertoeatathomesothatIcancontrolwhatingredientgointothefood.
Sothat中的that可以省略
Thebestwayforthemtoovercomethisisbygettingthemselvesproperlyinformedsotheyarelessdependentonotherpeople’sadvice.
Inorderthat:
(同Sothat)
Theyarguethatitisnecessarytogetmorewomenontothesecoursesatuniversityinorderthattheymayproceedtodevelopcareersinthosefields.
Lest;
incase;
forfearthat以防;
以免;
生怕
我们轻声说话,生怕吵醒了这个婴儿。
5.结果状语从句:
Mostanimalexperimentsaredoneonanimalssodifferentfromhumanbeingsthatdatagotfromtheexperimentscannotapplytohumansatall.
Animalactivistsaresuchextremiststhattheydon’tevencareabouthumanwelfare.
Somepeoplewallowinpetstotheextentthattheyneglecttheemotionalneesoftheirfamilymembers.
注意:
1.so/such的区别
So+adj/adv.(增加例子)
Such+n
Somany/much/few/little
Suchalotof/lotsof
2.so/such,位于句首时,主句要倒装。
Socleverastudentwasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.
6.条件状语从句:
条件状语从句分真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件句。
If/unless
If
Ifheisnotintheoffice,hemustbeoutforlunch.
Justimaginehowhorribletheworldwouldbeifhumansaretheonlycreatureintheworld.
Ibelieveengaginginpaidworkisacceptableiftheconditionsaresafe,thehoursarereasonableandthewagesarefair.
Unless
Youplaytowin,andthegamehaslittlemeaningunlessyoudoyourutmosttowin.
Itisfearedthatunlesspollutionreductionmeasuresareabletokeeppacewiththecontinuedpressuresofurbangrowth,airqualityinmanyoftheworld’smajorcitieswilldeterioratebeyondreason.
Suppose(supposing)/Assuming/Provided(providing)/Incase/Aslongas/solongas/Onconditionthat
Suppose(supposing)假如
假如白色的就是黑色的,那么也许你就是对的。
Supposingyouwereleftaloneonadesertedisland,whatwouldyoudo?
Assuming
Youcanstretchyourlegsonthespaciousdecks,playgames,swim,meetinterestingpeopleandenjoygoodfood—alwaysassuming,ofcourse,thattheseaiscalm.
Provided(providing)
Youareeligibleforastudentloanprovidedyoustartyourcoursebeforeyour50thbirthday.
Apersoncanactuallydoanyjobprovidedthattheygettherightqualificationsforitandworkhardatit.
Incase
万一有什么困难,给我捎个信。
Aslongas/solongas只要
Therewillbeincreasesevenifonlybyhundredthsofasecond,aslongasourtrainingcontinuestoimprove.
Onconditionthat如果,在……条件下
Iwillletyoudriveonconditionthatyouhaveavalidlicense.
条件从句中的if不能用whether替换。
7.让步状语从句:
though,althoughevenif,eventhough
as(倒装),nomatter…,despite(inspite)ofthefactthat=though,while(whilst)尽管,whatever,whoever,wherever,whenever,however,whichever,whereas尽管,whether(or/ornot)不论=nomatterwhether/nomatterif,granted(granting)即使,notwithstanding尽管,muchas尽管非常,forallthat尽管。
Although/Thoughhewasoversixty,hebegantolearnFrench.
Wewillcontinueourpicnicevenif/thoughitrainstomorrow.
Whateverhappens/mayhappen,weshallnotloseheart.
WhileIadmityourgoodpoints,Icanseeyourshortcomings.
Whileitistruethattheolfactorypowersofhumansarenothinglikeasfineasthosepossessedbycertainanimals,theyarestillremarkablyacute.
Althoughthewildlifekingdomhasshrunksignificantly,itisridiculoustothinkthatnospaceshouldbeleftforthewildlifeinthenewcentury.
1)although/though/as
A:
Smartthough/assheis,shedoesn’tstudyhard.
Thoughsheissmart,
Althoughsheissmart
B:
though还可以用作副词,位于句末,表“可是,然而”。
Hesaidhewouldcome;
hedidnot,though,
e.g.Thoughheisachild,heknowsalot.
Childasheis,heknowsalot.
Whatever(=Nomatterwhat)yousay,I’llneverchangemymind.
2)nomatterwh-=wh-ever
nomatter不能引导主语从句和宾语从句。
NomatterwhateffortsaredonetosaveendangeredspeciesisofnouseduetotheprincipleofSurvivaloftheFittest.(错)
Whatevereffortsaredonetos