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Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?
3.W:
Idon'
tunderstandwhythisself-studybookdoesn'
thaveanswerstothequestions.
Butitdoes.Youcanfindthematthebackofthebook.
Whatdoesthemansayabouttheself-studybook?
4.M:
Thenewsalesmanagersayshehasnevermetyoubefore.
We'
vebeenintroducedaboutthreetimes.Heseemsalittleforgetful.
Whatdowelearnaboutthenewsalesmanager?
5.M:
Haveyouhadthebrakesandtireschecked?
Anddoyouhaveenoughmoney?
Ihavetakencareofeverything.AndI'
msureit'
sgoingtobeawonderfultrip.
What'
sthewomangoingtodo?
6.M:
I'
vehadmynewstereoforawholeweek,butIhaven'
tyetfiguredouthowtorecordmusic.
Didn'
taninstructionmanualcomewithit?
Whatdoesthewomanimply?
7.W:
Iwanttopayyouforthatlong-distancecallImade.But,Isupposeyouhaven'
tgottenyourphonebillyet,
Oh,butIhave.
Whatdoesthemanmean?
8.M:
ProfessorSmithassignedusthreemorenovelstoread.
Hemustthinkyoudon'
thaveanyotherclasses.
WhatcanbeinferredaboutProfessorSmith?
9.M:
Let'
sgowatchthefireworkstonight.
Ihaveticketstothetheater.
10.M:
Iamexhausted.Istayedupthewholenightstudyingformyhistorymidtermexam.
Whydoyoualwayswaittillthelastminute?
Whatcanbeinferredabouttheman?
11.M:
llbecomingstraightfromwork,soI'
llhavetopackachangeofclothes.
It'
sonlyabarbecue.JeansandT-shirtswillbefine.
12.W:
mgoingtothesnackbarforacupofcoffee.Wouldyoulikemetobringyoubacksomething?
Notfromthesnackbar,butcouldyoupickupapaperforme?
13.M:
tunderstandhowthisbudgetwascalculated.
Letmehavealook,OK?
14.W:
Weneedafourthplayerfortennisthismorning.Doyouwanttojoinus?
vegotaclassatnine,butCarolisfreeandsheisreallygood.
Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?
15.W:
Haveyousavedenoughtobuythatnewprinterforyourcomputeryet?
Youknow,moneyseemstobeburningaholeinmypocketlately.
Maybenextmonth.
PARTBIntensiveListening:
Music
PassageI:
AmericanMusic
OneofAmerica'
smostimportantexportsishermodemmusic.Americanmusicisplayedallovertheworld.Itisenjoyedbythepeopleofallagesinallcountries.AlthoughthelyricsareEnglish,peoplenotspeakingEnglishcanenjoyittoo.Thereasonsforitspopularityareitsfastpaceandrhythmicbeat.
ThemusichasmanyoriginsintheUnitedStates.Countrymusic,comingfromtheruralareasinthesouthernUnitedStates,isonesource.Countrymusicfeaturessimplethemesandmelodiesdescribingday-to-daysituationsandthefeelingsofcountrypeople.Manypeopleappreciate,thismusicbecauseoftheemotionsexpressedbycountrymusicsongs.
AsecondoriginofAmericanpopularmusicistheblues.ItdepictsmostlysadfeelingsreflectingthedifficultlivesofAmericanblacks.Itisusuallyplayedandsungbyblackmusicians,butitispopularwithallAmericans.
Rockmusicisanewerformofmusic.Thismusicstyle,featuringfastandrepetitiousrhythms,wasinfluencedbythebluesandcountrymusic.Itwasfirstknownasrock-and-rollinthe1950s.Sincethentherehavebeenmanyformsofrockmusic:
hardrock,softrock,andothers.Manyperformersofpopularmusicareyoungmusicians.
Americanpopularmusicismarketedtoademandingaudience.Nowpopularsongsareheardontheradioseveraltimesaday.Somesongshavebecomepopularallovertheworld.PeoplehearthesesongssungintheiroriginalEnglishorsometimestranslatedintootherlanguages.Thewordsmaydifferbuttheenjoymentofthemusicisuniversal.
I.
1.WhichgroupofpeopleenjoyAmericanmusic?
2.WhyisAmericanmusicsopopularinallcountries?
3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?
4.Whatdoyouknowfromthepassage?
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
PassageII:
MusicinDifferentCultures
Inwesternculturemusicisregardedasgoodbybirth,andsoundsthatarewelcomearesaidtobe"
musictotheears"
.Insomeothercultures—forexample,Islamicculture—itisoflittlevalue,associatedwithsinandevil.IntheWestandinthehighculturesofAsia,itissaidthattherearethreetypesofmusic.First,classicalmusic,composedandperformedbytrainedprofessionalsoriginallyunderthesupportofcourtsandreligiousestablishments;
second,folkmusic,sharedbythepopulationatlargeandpassedonorally,andthird,popularmusic,performedbyprofessionals,spreadthroughradio,television,records,film,andprint,andconsumedbythemasspublic.
Musicisamajorcomponentinreligiousservices,theater,andentertainmentofallsorts.Themostuniversaluseofmusicisasapartofreligiousrituals.Insometribalsocieties,musicappearstoserveasaspecialformofcommunicationwithsupernaturalbeings,anditsprominentuseinmodemChristianandJewishservicesmaybetheleftoverofjustsuchanoriginalpurpose.Anotherlessobviousfunctionofmusicissocialadherence.Formostsocialgroups,musiccanserveasapowerfulsymbol.Membersofmostsocietiessharekeen,feelingsastowhatkindofmusicthey"
belongto"
.Indeed,someminoritiesincluding,intheU.S.A.,blackAmericansandEuro-Americangroupsusemusicasamajorsymbolofgroupidentity.Musicalsosymbolizesmilitary,patrioticandfuneralmoodsandevents.Inamoregeneral;
sense,musicmayexpressthecentralsocialvaluesofasociety.Inwesternculture,theinterrelationshipofconductorandorchestrasymbolizestheneedforstrongcooperationamongvariouskindsofspecialistsinamodemindustrialsociety.
1.Inwhatcultureismusicregardedasgoodbybirth?
2.Whichofthefollowingisperformedbyprofessionals?
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
4.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemostuniversaluseofmusic?
5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTsymbolizedbymusic?
II.
1.Insomeothercultures,musicisoflowvalue,associatedwithsinandevil.
2.Formostsocialgroups,musiccanserveasapowerfulsymbol.Membersofmostsocietiessharekeenfeelingsastowhatkindofmusicthey"
.
3.Inamoregeneralsense,musicmayexpressthecentralsocialvaluesofasociety.InWesternculture,theinterrelationshipbetweenconductorandorchestrasymbolizestheneedforstrongcooperationamongvariouskindsofspecialistsinamodemindustrialsociety.
PassageIII:
Musiccomesinmanyforms;
manycountrieshaveastyleoftheirown.Polandhasitsfolkmusic.Hungaryhasitsczardas.Argentinaisfamousforthetango.TheU.S.isknownforjustatypeofmusicthathasgainedworldwidepopularity.
JazzisAmerican'
scontributiontopopularmusic.WhileclassicalmusicfollowsformalEuropeantradition,jazzisaratherfreeform.Itisfullofenergy,expressingthemoods,interests,andemotionsofthepeople.Inthe1920sjazzsoundedlikeAmerica.Andsoitdoestoday.
Theoriginsofjazzareasinterestingasthemusicitself.JazzwasinventedbyblackAmericans,whowerebroughttothesouthernstatesasslaves.Theyweresoldtofarmownersandforcedtoworklonghoursinthecottonandtobaccofields.Theworkwashardandlifewasshort,
Whenaslaverdiedhisfriendsandrelativeswouldgatherandcarrythebodytohaveaceremonybeforetheyburiedhim.
Therewasalwaysabandwiththem.Onthewaytotheceremony,thebandplayedslowsolemnmusicsuitableforthesituation.Butonthewayhome,themoodchanged.Spiritslifted.Everyonewashappy.Deathhadremovedoneoftheirmembers,butthelivingweregladtobealive.Thebandplayedhappymusic.Thismusicmadeeveryonewanttodance.Thiswasanearlyformofjazz.
MusichasalwaysbeenimportanttoAfrican-Americans.Thepeople,whowereunwillinglybroughttoAmericafromWestAfrica,hadarichmusicaltradition.Inthefields,theymadeupworksongs.Singingmadethehardworkgofaster.AndwhentheyacceptedChristianity,thesesongsbecamelovelyspirituals,whichhavebecomeaneverlastingpartofAmericanmusic.
Lesson2:
Holidays
Doyoustillwanttogotothegraduateschoolafteryougetoutofcollege?
vechangedmymindaboutthat.IwanttostartworkingbeforeIgobacktoschool.
2.M:
vegotawholehourbeforetheBrownscomebytopickusup.
Yeah.Butwe'
dbettergetmoving.
Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheydo?
3.M:
mthinkingofgettinganewprinter.
dinvestinalaserprinter.Theprintqualityismuchbetter.
4.W:
vegotacouponforhalf-offdinneratthatnewrestaurantdownthestreet.IthinkI'
lluseitwhenmycousincomesforavisitthisweekend.
Wheredidyougetit?
Iwouldn'
tmindtryingthatplaceouttoo.
Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?
5.W:
sLauradoingheretoday?
IthoughtshewassupposedtobeoutoftheofficeonMondays.
Shedecidedshe'
dratherhaveFridaysoffinstead.
WhatcanbeinferredaboutLaura?
Ineedtofindanewroommate.
SoJohn'
sgoingtoCaliforniaafterall.
Whatcanbeinferredfromthe
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