考研英语一真题及答案.docx

考研英语一真题及答案.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案

2014年考研英语一真题及答案

D

　　[D]toattendagovernmentaljob-trainingprogram.

　　23.Whatpromptedthechancellortodevelophisscheme?

　　[A]Adesiretosecureabetterlifeforall.

　　[B]Aneagernesstoprotecttheunemployed.

　　[C]Anurgetobegeneroustotheclaimants.

　　[D]Apassiontoensurefairnessfortaxpayers.

　　24.AccordingtoParagraph3,beingunemployedmakesonefeel

　　[A]uneasy

　　[B]enraged.

　　[C]insulted.

　　[D]guilty.

　　25.Towhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthormostprobablyagree?

　　[A]TheBritishwelfaresystemindulgesjobseekers’laziness.

　　[B]Osborne’sreformswillreducetheriskofunemployment.

　　[C]Thejobseekers’allowancehasmettheiractualneeds.

　　[D]Unemploymentbenefitsshouldnotbemadeconditional.

　　Text2

　　Allaroundtheworld,lawyersgeneratemorehostilitythanthemembersofanyotherprofession—withthepossibleexceptionofjournalism.ButtherearefewplaceswhereclientshavemoregroundsforcomplaintthanAmerica.

　　Duringthedecadebeforetheeconomiccrisis,spendingonlegalservicesinAmericagrewtwiceasfastasinflation.Thebestlawyersmadeskyscrapers-fullofmoney,temptingevermorestudentstopileintolawschools.Butmostlawgraduatesnevergetabig-firmjob.Manyoftheminsteadbecomethekindofnuisance-lawsuitfilerthatmakesthetortsystemacostlynightmare.

　　Therearemanyreasonsforthis.Oneistheexcessivecostsofalegaleducation.ThereisjustonepathforalawyerinmostAmericanstates:

afour-yearundergraduatedegreeinsomeunrelatedsubject,thenathree-yearlawdegreeatoneof200lawschoolsauthorizedbytheAmericanBarAssociationandanexpensivepreparationforthebarexam.Thisleavestoday’saveragelaw-schoolgraduatewith$100,000ofdebtontopofundergraduatedebts.Law-schooldebtmeansthatmanycannotaffordtogointogovernmentornon-profitwork,andthattheyhavetoworkfearsomelyhard.

　　Reformingthesystemwouldhelpbothlawyersandtheircustomers.Sensibleideashavebeenaroundforalongtime,butthestate-levelbodiesthatgoverntheprofessionhavebeentooconservativetoimplementthem.Oneideaistoallowpeopletostudylawasanundergraduatedegree.Anotheristoletstudentssitforthebarafteronlytwoyearsoflawschool.Ifthebarexamistrulyasternenoughtestforawould-belawyer,thosewhocansititearliershouldbeallowedto

　　doso.Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.

　　Theotherreasonwhycostsaresohighistherestrictiveguild-likeownershipstructureofthebusiness.ExceptintheDistrictofColumbia,non-lawyersmaynotownanyshareofalawfirm.Thiskeepsfeeshighandinnovationslow.Thereispressureforchangefromwithintheprofession,butopponentsofchangeamongtheregulatorsinsistthatkeepingoutsidersoutofalawfirmisolateslawyersfromthepressuretomakemoneyratherthanserveclientsethically.

　　Infact,allowingnon-lawyerstoownsharesinlawfirmswouldreducecostsandimproveservicestocustomers,byencouraginglawfirmstousetechnologyandtoemployprofessionalmanagerstofocusonimprovingfirms’efficiency.Afterall,othercountries,suchasAustraliaandBritain,havestartedliberalizingtheirlegalprofessions.Americashouldfollow.

　　26.alotofstudentstakeuplawastheirprofessiondueto

　　[A]thegrowingdemandfromclients.

　　[B]theincreasingpressureofinflation.

　　[C]theprospectofworkinginbigfirms.

　　[D]theattractionoffinancialrewards.

　　27.WhichofthefollowingaddstothecostsoflegaleducationinmostAmericanstates?

　　[A]Highertuitionfeesforundergraduatestudies.

　　[B]Admissionsapprovalfromthebarassociation.

　　[C]Pursuingabachelor’sdegreeinanothermajor.

　　[D]Receivingtrainingbyprofessionalassociations.

　　28.Hindrancetothereformofthelegalsystemoriginatesfrom

　　[A]lawyers’andclients’strongresistance.

　　[B]therigidbodiesgoverningtheprofession.

　　[C]thestemexamforwould-belawyers.

　　[D]non-professionals’sharpcriticism.

　　29.Theguild-likeownershipstructureisconsidered"restrictive"partlybecauseit

　　[A]bansoutsiders’involvementintheprofession.

　　[B]keepslawyersfromholdinglaw-firmshares.

　　[C]aggravatestheethicalsituationinthetrade.

　　[D]preventslawyersfromgainingdueprofits.

　　30.Inthistext,theauthormainlydiscusses

　　[A]flawedownershipofAmerica’slawfirmsanditscauses.

　　[B]thefactorsthathelpmakeasuccessfullawyerinAmerica.

　　[C]aprobleminAmerica’slegalprofessionandsolutionstoit.

　　[D]theroleofundergraduatestudiesinAmerica’slegaleducation.

　　Text3

　　TheUS$3-millionFundamentalphysicsprizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,asAlexanderPolyakovsaidwhenheacceptedthisyear’sawardinMarch.Anditisfarfromtheonlyoneofitstype.AsaNewsFeaturearticleinNaturediscusses,astringoflucrativeawardsforresearchershavejoinedtheNobelPrizesinrecentyears.Many,liketheFundamentalPhysicsPrize,arefundedfromthetelephone-number-sizedbankaccountsofInternetentrepreneurs.Thesebenefactorshavesucceededintheirchosenfields,theysay,andtheywanttousetheirwealthtodrawattentiontothosewhohavesucceededinscience.

　　What’snottolike?

Quitealot,accordingtoahandfulofscientistsquotedintheNewsFeature.Youcannotbuyclass,astheoldsayinggoes,andtheseupstartentrepreneurscannotbuytheirprizestheprestigeoftheNobels,Thenewawardsareanexerciseinself-promotionforthosebehindthem,sayscientists.Theycoulddistorttheachievement-basedsystemofpeer-review-ledresearch.Theycouldcementthestatusquoofpeer-reviewedresearch.Theydonotfundpeer-reviewedresearch.Theyperpetuatethemythofthelonegenius.

　　Thegoalsoftheprize-giversseemasscatteredasthecriticism.Somewanttoshock,otherstodrawpeopleintoscience,ortobetterrewardthosewhohavemadetheircareersinresearch.

　　AsNaturehaspointedoutbefore,therearesomelegitimateconcernsabouthowscienceprizes—bothnewandold—aredistributed.TheBreakthroughPrizeinLifeSciences,launchedthisyear,takesanunrepresentativeviewofwhatthelifesciencesinclude.ButtheNobelFoundation’slimitofthreerecipientsperprize,eachofwhommuststillbeliving,haslongbeenoutgrownbythecollaborativenatureofmodernresearch—aswillbedemonstratedbytheinevitablerowoverwhoisignoredwhenitcomestoacknowledgingthediscoveryoftheHiggsboson.TheNobelswere,ofcourse,themselvessetupbyaveryrichindividualwhohaddecidedwhathewantedtodowithhisownmoney.Time,ratherthanintention,hasgiventhemlegitimacy.

　　Asmuchassomescientistsmaycomplainaboutthenewawards,twothingsseemclear.First,mostresearcherswouldacceptsuchaprizeiftheywereofferedone.Second,itissurelyagoodthingthatthemoneyandattentioncometoscienceratherthangoelsewhere,Itisfairtocriticizeandquestionthemechanism—thatisthecultureofresearch,afterall—butitistheprize-givers’moneytodowithastheyplease.Itiswisetotakesuchgiftswithgratitudeandgrace.

　　31.TheFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisseenas

　　[A]asymboloftheentrepreneurs’wealth.

　　[B]apossiblereplacementoftheNobelPrizes.

　　[C]anexampleofbankers’investments.

　　[D]ahandsomerewardforresearchers.

　　32.Thecriticsthinkthatthenewawardswillmostbenefit

　　[A]theprofit-orientedscientists.

　　[B]thefoundersofthenewawards.

　　[C]theachievement-basedsystem.

　　[D]peer-review-ledresearch.

　　33.ThediscoveryoftheHiggsbosonisatypicalcasewhichinvolves

　　[A]controversiesovertherecipients’status.

　　[B]thejointeffortofmodernresearchers.

　　[C]legitimateconcernsoverthenewprizes.

　　[D]thedemonstrationofresearchfindings.

　　34.AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueoftheNobels?

　　[A]Theirendurancehasdonejusticetothem.

　　[B]Theirlegitimacyhaslongbeenindispute.

　　[C]Theyarethemostrepresentativehonor.

　　[D]Historyhasnevercastdoubtonthem.

　　35.Theauthorbelievesthatthenowawardsare

　　[A]acceptabledespitethecriticism.

　　[B]harmfultothecultureofresearch.

　　[C]subjecttoundesirablechanges.

　　[D]unworthyofpublicattention.

　　Text4

　　"TheHeartoftheMatter,"thejust-releasedreportbytheAmericanAcademyofArtsandSciences（AAAS）,deservespraiseforaffirmingtheimportanceofthehumanitiesandsocialsciencestotheprosperityandsecurityofliberaldemocracyinAmerica.Regrettably,however,thereport’sfailuretoaddressthetruenatureofthecrisisfacingliberaleducationmaycausemoreharmthangood.

　　In2010,leadingcongressionalDemocratsandRepublicanssentletterstotheAAASaskingthatitidentifyactionsthatcouldbetakenby"federal,stateandlocalgovernments,universities,foundations,educators,individualbenefactorsandothers"to"maintainnationalexcellenceinhumanitiesandsocialscientificscholarshipandeducation."Inresponse,theAmericanAcademyformedtheCommissionontheHumanitiesandSocialSciences.Amongthecommission’s51membersaretop-tier-universitypresidents,scholars,lawyers,judges,andbusinessexecutives,aswellasprominentfiguresfromdiplomacy,filmmaking,musicandjournalism.

　　Thegoalsidentifiedinthereportaregenerallyadmirable.Becauserepresentativegovernmentpresupposesaninformedcitizenry,thereportsupportsfullliteracy;stressesthestudyofhistoryandgovernment,particularlyAmericanhistoryandAmericangovernment;andencouragestheuseofnewdigitaltechnologies.Toencourageinnovationandcompetition,thereportcallsforincreasedinvestmentinre