大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟426.docx

大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟426.docx

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大学英语考试复习资料大学六级模拟426

[大学英语考试复习资料]大学六级模拟426

大学六级模拟426

PartⅠWriting

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledOnCampusSecurity.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow.

问题:

1.目前在中国，校园安全事故时有发生

2．这种现象造成了恶劣的影响

3．应该如何杜绝这种现象

答案:

OnCampusSecurity

①Haveyoueverheardofthephenomenonthataccidentsconcerningcampussecurityfrequentlyoccurin,someprimaryschools?

②Itisthisissuethathasshockedthepublicandsparkedaheateddiscussion.

③Thisphenomenoncanimposeaquitenegativeimpactontheindividualaswellasthewholesociety.④Firstofall,thecruelscenehasmademanypassers-bypanic,nottomentiontheintensegriefsufferedbytherelativesoftheyoungvictims.⑤Besides,phenomenaofthissortwilldefinitelyposeathreattothestabilityandsecurityofthewholesociety.⑥Somepeopleevenlosetheirconfidenceinleadingasecureandhappylife.

⑦Frommypersonalperspective,severalcounter-measurescanbetaken.⑧Foronethings,relevantauthoritiesaretomakesurethatsomeequipmentisavailableincaseofemergencies.⑨Foranother,activitiesaretobelaunchedtoenhancethesafetyawarenessofthepupilsaswellastheirparents.⑩Onlyinthiswaycanwefinallygetridofthiskindofphenomena.①采用疑问句的形式提出校园安全事件屡屡发生的社会现象。

②固定结构表现话题重要性。

③第二段的主旨句：

该现象对个人及社会产生负面影响；impose…impacton是高分词组。

④指出第一个影响：

引起恐慌，带来痛苦；其中nottomention是一个高分结构，sufferedby…是过去分词作后置定语。

⑤引出第二个负面影响：

威胁社会安全与稳定；其中poseathreatto是高分词组。

⑥对上句做进一步解释说明，loseconfidencein是高分词组。

⑦是表达作者个人观点的固定词组。

⑧指出政府层面应采取的措施。

⑨提出开展活动提高家长和孩子的安全意识。

⑩总结全文。

采用部分倒装结构，体现句子结构的多样性。

好句操练

★Itisthisissuethathasshockedthepublicandsparkedaheateddiscussion.

a.Thisissuehasdrawnthepublic'sattention,whichhasstimulatedaheateddebate.

b.Thisissuehasraisedthepublic'sconcernsandstirredupanintensedebate.

★Foronethings,relevantauthoritiesaretomakesurethatsomeequipmentisavailableincaseofemergencies.

a.Tobeginwith,relevantauthoritiesareexpectedtomakesomeequipmentavailableforfearofemergencies.

b.Ononehand,relevantauthoritiesaresupposedtopreparesomeequipmentavailableforemergencies.

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Directions:

Inthispartyouwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

InstantExpert:

MentalHealth

Whentheheartbreaksdown,itbeatsirregularlyornotatall.Abonecanchiporsnap.Butwhenthecomplexnetworkofneuronsinourbrainfailstofunctionnormally,theresultcanbeanear-endlessvarietyandcombinationsofmentalillnesses.

It'snormaltosometimesbesad,happy,anxious,confused,forgetfulorfearful,butwhenaperson'semotions,thoughtsorbehaviorfrequentlytroublethem,ordisrupttheirlives,theymaybesufferingfrommentalillness.AccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）,about450millionpeopleworldwideareaffectedbymental,neurologicalorbehavioralproblemsatanytime.

However,determiningthatsomeonehasamentalillness,andwhichone,isoneofthechallengespsychiatristsface.Oneefforttocataloguetheseafflictionsisthe"psychiatrists'bible",theDiagnosticandStatisticalManualofMentalDisorders--thelatesteditionfillsnearlyonethousandpagesandlistsover400disorders.

Diversityofdisorders

Amongthebestknownandmostcommonmentalillnessesisdepression-aprolonged,weakeningsad-ness,sometimesaccompaniedbyafeelingofhopelessnessandthoughtsofsuicide.Seasonalaffectivedisorderisatypeofdepressionthataffectssomepeopleintheautumnandwinterandistriggeredbythedisappearinghoursofdaylightandcoldertemperatures.Inbipolardisorder（双极性障碍）,apersonchangesfromdepressiontoepisodesofexcessiveenthusiasmwheretheyareunrealisticallyconfidentintheirabilities.

Personalitydisordersarebehaviorpatternsthataredestructivetothepersonthemselvesorthosearoundthem.Indissociativedisorders,someoneexperiencesasuddenchangeinconsciousnessortheirconceptofself.Indissociativeamnesia,forexample,theresultisalossofpartoralloftheirmemories.Samson,theBiblicalstrongman,mayhavesufferedfromtheearliestrecordedcaseofantisocialpersonalitydisorder.

Anxietydisordersarecharacterizedbypowerfulfeelingsofstressandphysicalsignsoffear-sweating,aracingheart-duetosomecueintheenvironment,orfornoobviousreasonatall.Theseincludepost-traumatic（创伤后的）stressdisorder,panicdisorder,obsessivecompulsivedisorder,angerdisorders,hypochondria,socialphobia,andotherphobiasincludingagoraphobia（openspaces）,claustrophobia（smallspaces）,acrophobia（heights）,andarachnophobia（spiders）.

Attention-deficithyperactivitydisorderisamongthemostcommonmentalillnessesdiagnosedinchildren,affectingtheirabilitytofocusandassociatedwithhighlevelsofactivityandimpulsiveness.

Eatingdisordersinvolveanunhealthyrelationshiptofood.Asuffererofanorexianervosa（神经性厌食症）willstriveforthinnesstothepointofstarvation,duetoadistortedperceptionoftheirbodiesanddissatisfactionintheirsenseofcontrol.Theyengageincyclesofgorging（feedgreedily）themselvesandthenpurgingthroughvomitingortheuseofsomedrugs.Muscledysmorphiaissometimesthoughtofasa"reverse"formofanorexiathataffectsbodybuilders.Sufferersconstantlyworrythattheyaretooweakdespitebeingextremelystrong.

Enormouscost

Mentalillnessesarequitecommon.Asmanyasoneinfivepeoplearethoughttosufferfrommentalillness,atleasttemporarily,eachyear.Suicide--oftentheresultofuntreatedmentalillness--claims873000livesaroundtheworldeachyear.Theeconomiccostsoftheseconditionsarealsoenormousandgrowing.AccordingtotheWHO,depressionisexpectedtoaccountformorelostyearsofhealthylifethananyotherdiseaseby2030,exceptforHIV/AIDS.

Evenso,thementallyillfacedisgraceanddiscrimination.Studiesfindpeoplearereluctanttoadmittheyhaveatmentalillness,toseekhelp,ortostickwithtreatment.Othersareeagertorejectthelabelofamentalillness.Forexample,somepeoplewithautismcharacterizedbydifficultycommunicatingorsocializinginsisttheconditionisnotadisorderthatneedstobecured,butjustpartofnormalhuman"neurodiversity".

Underlyingcauses

Historically,somesymptomsofmentalillness,suchasirregularbehaviourandhearingvoices,havebeentakenasevidenceofheavenlycommunicationorpossessionofmagicalpower.Morerecently,brainscanshavedirectlylinkedtheseconditionswithchangesinlevelsofneurotransmitterschemicalsthatconveymessagesacrossneurons--oralterationsinthenumberorstructureofneuronsindifferentbrainareas.Forinstance,peoplesufferingfromdepressionoftendisplayloweredlevelsoftheneurotransmitterserotonin.

Inafewcases,theimmediatecauseofthemalfunctionhasbeenidentified.Alzheimer'sdisease,amajorsourceofdementiaandmemorylossilltheelderly,iscausedbytheaccumulationofproteinplaqueswhichchokeneuronsinthebrain.

Someinfectiousdiseasescanalsodevelopintoamentalillness.UntreatedHIVinfectioncancausedementia,ascantheuncontrolledreplicationofthemicrobethatcausessyphilis.Borreliaburgdorferi--theLymediseasebacterium,responsibleformalaria（fevertransmittedbymosquitoes）,arealsothoughtcapableoftriggeringavarietyofmentalillnesses.

Inmanycasestheprecisecauseisunclearandexpertssuspectthatmanydifferentfactorsareinvolved.Onestrikingexampleisschizophrenia（精神分裂症）,distinguishedbypsychosis.Thisisadistortedviewofreality,whichmayincludehallucinations（illusionofseeingorhearingsomethingnotactuallypresent）,hearingvoices,delusions,andparanoia.Thechancethatidenticaltwinsbothdevelopschizophreniaismuchhigherthanthatforfraternaltwinsorsiblings,arguingforthestrongroleofinheritedgenes.Butscientistsareaccumulatingagrowinglistofotherriskfactorsthatpredisposepeopletothiscondition,includingexposuretofamineconditionsbeforebirth,certaininfectionsorexposuretolead.Theseasonoftheirbirthalsoseemsimportant--birthinwinterorearlyspringincreasestherisk,asdoesanolderfatherand,controversially,childabuse.

Genesarealsothoughttoinfluencemanyothermentalhealthproblems,including:

anorexia,autism,Alzheimer'sdiseaseandbipolardisorder.Besides,thewombenvironment,exposuretoX-rays,beingheldindetentioncentresandhavinganoveractiveimmunesystemarealsosomeinfluencingfactors.

SomeresearchersbelievethatsmokingcigarettesandtakingrecreationaldrugslikeLSD,ecstasyandcannabis,mayelevateauser'sriskofmentalillnesses,includingschizophrenia,althoughitcanbedifficulttoassesswhetherdruguseisacauseoreffect.AndcarefuluseofLSDandecstasymightevenhelptreatpsychiatricproblems.

Psychiatrictreatments

Psychiatrictreatmentformentalillnesscantakemanyforms.Inpsychotherapy,thepatientisencouragedtorecognizetheirproblems,understandwhatmaytriggerundesirablebehavior,anddevelopcopingstrategies.

Manymedicationsarealsoavailabletotreatsomeofthemostseveresymptoms.Recently,however,someexpertsthinktherehasbeenarushtomedicateeverydisorderandhavequestionedtheeffectivenessofmanydrugs.Thereisalsocontroversyaboutusingthesedrugs-suchasR