英文科技合同的文体特点及其翻译文档格式.docx

英文科技合同的文体特点及其翻译文档格式.docx

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本文指出，英文科技合同文本翻译的关键目的不仅仅是取得字面含义的对等，更要取得功能对等．

关键词：

英文科技合同；

文体特征；

功能文体学理论；

翻译

...

Ill

Abstract

Witheconomicglobal远tionandgreatdevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,Chinagetsmoreopportunitiestointroduceintoandtransfertheadvancedtechnologies.Scientificcontractanditstranslationarebecomingmoreandmoreimportantindailylife.ButthespecificstudyoftheEnglishscientificcontractislimited.Aimingatsolvingthisproblem,thisthesisbasedontheanalysisoftypicalexamplesofstandardEnglishscientificcontract,givesaconcreteanddetaileddescriptionofthestylisticcharacteristicsofEnglishscientificcontract,anddiscussesthelexical,syntactic,grammaticalandothercharacteristicsoflegalusagesofcontractEnglishrespectively.

Scientificcontractbelongstoatypeofformaldoc山nent,whiletraditionaltranslationtheoryonlyemphasizesstrictliteraltranslation.However,FunctionalStylisticsTheory（FST）,asamodernstylistictheory,offersfreshmethodstostyletranslation.ThisthesistriestoemployFSTto

anal立eandtranslateEnglishscientificcontract.FSTcontainsthreetheories,Multi-stratatheory,contexttheoryandfunctionaltheory,whichhelpstodeepenpeople'

sunderstandingoftheessenceofEnglishscientificcontract,makeupforsomedeficienciescausedbytraditionalstylisticanalysisandtranslation,andovercometheshortcomingsoftraditionaltranslation.ThisthesispointsouttheessentialgoalofEnglishscientificcontracttranslation:

notonlytheliteralequivalence,butalsotoachievefunctionalequivalence.

“11

Keywords:

Englishscientificcontract;

stylisticcharacteristics;

FunctionalStylisticsTheory（FSl）;

translating

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所呈交的硕士学位论文"

StylisticsCharacteristicsandItsTranslation"

《英文科技合同的文体特点及其翻译》是本人在指导教师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。

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作者签名：

讼垒 2006年」生月立江

长春理工大学学位论文版权使用授权书

本学位论文作者及指导教师完全了解“长春理工大学硕士、博士学位论文版权使用规定“，同意长春理工大学保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交学位论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。

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学位论文．

k负\2006年」 月乌立日指导导师签名已L坦-{2006年」生月立归

Introduction

Therapidadvancementofsciencebringsgreatefficiencyanddelighttothemankind,whileaffectingthelanguagepracticeactivitiesofhwnan沁ciety.Inthel960s,atthebeginningofresearchingEnglishofScienceandTechnology（EST）,peopleemphasizedmoreonthesurfacelayeroflanguage;

inthe1970s,discourseanalysisisapplied'

tostudyEST.ThistheorycanhelptodigthegeneralrulesofESTandtheindividualcharacteristicsofstyles,eventually,peoplefoundoutthecommunicativerulesofstyles;

fromtheendofl970sto1980s,functionalgrammardiscoveredhowthespecificcharacteristicsoflanguagevalueinthescientificstructurei.e.howtochoosesomecertaingrammaticalfeaturesforcommunicativefunction.However,duetothelimitationofanalysis,researchingresultistoospecific;

weonlydiscussedthescientificpapers,thetextbooksandscientificdocwnents,whileignoringtheoftenusedscientificcontract,patentandscientificresearchreportetc.Hence,genreanalysis,i.e."

varietyinstyle"

ofESTresearching,emerged邸thetimerequired,whichemphasizedonthecommunicativegoalsandlanguagestrategy.Thistheorystudiesthevariation,communicativefunctionandcommunicativestrategyoflanguage.

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,theecono而candtradetiesbetweenChinaandforeigncountriesbecomecloserandcloser.ChinagetsmoreandmoreopportunitiestotakepartinthecommercialactivitiesorganizedbytheEnglish-spokencountries.Weintroducethe

advancedtechnologiesinto,alsotransferours.Whencommunicatingwithindividuals,legalpersonoro屯而妇tionsfromthosecountries,weneedtodraftEnglishscientificcontractswiththeminordertoestablish,modifyandterminatethecivilrightsandobligationsbetweenpartiesofequalfooting.Therefore,Englishscientificcontractplaysmoreandmoreimportantroleinourdailylife.

Recentyears,therehasbeenaprosperousdevelopmentofanwnberofnewmethodstotheresearchofthistypicalregister,whichstilllacksinfurtherdiscussion.Moststudiesonlyemphasizeterminology,whiletextualandpragmaticconsiderationstendtobeignored.Englishscientificcontracttranslationinvolvesmuchmorethanterminology.Actually,tounderstandandtranslatecontracts,masteryofEnglishlanguage,professionaltermsandeffortsofliteraltranslationisnotenoughatall.Itinvolvesnotonlyprofessionalknowledgeoflaw,whichgovernsthecontract,internationaltradeandrelevanttechnology,etc.,butalsolinguisticcharacteristicswhichembodythisstyle,whichismoreimportantforus,whoarenotEnglish

2

native平ers.WiththeawarenessofthedifficultyandcomplexityofEnglishscientificcontractanalysisandtranslation,theauthorgivesadetailedanalysisofthisregister.

Acontractreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,that is,between natural persons,legal persons orother·

organizations.Thelanguageusedinthecontractbelongstoaveryformal叩ttenstyle;

itpossessesitsownstylisticcharacteristicsandalwaystakesonidentifyinglinguisticforms,suchasparticularvocabulary,specificsentencepatternsanddifferentmannersfortheorganizationofinformation,etc.Contracttranslationneedsspecialconsiderationsonitsspecialsocialfunctionanduniquestyle.FunctionalStylisticsTheory（FST）,asamodemstylistictheory,basedononeofthemostprevailinglinguisticgroupsintheworld:

SystemicFunctionalLinguistics（SFL）.Thistheorycombinesthestylewiththreemeta-functionsandoffersanewmethodtostudythelanguage of contract. Therefore, this thesis focuses on stylisticcharacteristicsofEnglishscientificcontractfirst,andthenprobesintoitslightsshedonthetranslationofEnglishscientificfromfunctionalapproach.

Thisthesiswillbedividedintofiveparts.Atthebeginning,abriefintroductionofthisthesiswillbepresented.Thedefinitionandclassificationofcontract,thedefinitionofEnglishscientificcontractandthedefinitionofstylewillbestatedrespectivelyinchapterone.Basedontheanalysisoftypicalexamples,chaptertwowillgiveaconcreteanddetaileddescriptionofthestylisticcharacteristicsofEnglishscientificcontract.Innextchapter,chapterthree,wewilltrytoemployFSTtoanalyzeandtranslatecontract.Theconclusionpartservesasasummaryonthebasisoftheprecedinganalyses.

ChapterOne TheDefinitionofEnglishScientific

ContractandtheDefinitionofStyle

1.1TheDefinitionofEnglishScientificContract

AcontractisdefinedbyTrietelas"

anagreementgivingrisetoobligationswhichareenforcedororganizedbythelaw'

'

or"

apromise,orasetofpromisesforthebreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,ortheperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesaduty"

.（TheRestatement,Second,ofContracts）.Simplyspeaking,acontractisanagreementwhichthecourtswillenforce.（Chartrand,1997:

5）

ThedefinitionofcontractintheChina'

sContractLawstressesitsfunctions,sayingthat"

Acontractreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations"

（2ndarticle,China'

sContractlaw）.

Englishscientificcontract,simplyput,isconcerningtheprocessbywhichatechnology,expertise,know-howorfacilitiesdevelopedbyoneindividual,enterpriseororganizationistransferredtoanotherindividual,enterpriseororgani711tion.Effectivescientificcontractresultsincommercializationofanewproductorserviceorintheimprovementofanexistingproductorprocess.SothestudyonthestylisticcharacteristicsofContractEnglishisofgreatsignificance.

Manycontractsusetheword"

agreement"

insteadof"

contract"

inthetitle.Thesetwowords,contractandagreement,aresynonymsandsometimestheyareinterchangeable.Whilecontractalwaysreferstoaformalandlegallyenforceablearrangement,however,agreementmayusuallyrefertoaninformalarrangementwithoutcarefulconsideration,suchasanagreementbetweenfriendstogooutfordinnerintheFridayevening.Soanagreementisreallythemainelementofacontract.Butnoteveryagreementcanbecomeacontract.Tobeacontract,thatagreementmustbeenforceableinlaw.

1.2TheDefinitionofStyle

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Actually,thereismuchcontroversyabouttheconceptofstyle.AsNilsErickEnkvist（1964）declares,"

Itisaconc叩twhich,thoughwidelyusedandmultifariouslydefined,yetevadesprecision"

.Differentdefinitionsofstyleinvolvedifferentviewsoftheuseoflanguage,whichhavecaused

disputeandgreatconfusionamongstylistictheoristsandstudents.Enkvistliststhefollowingsensesoftheterm"

style"

asfollowing:

（i）Styleasshellsurroundingapre-existingcoreofthoughtorexpression.

（ii）Styleasthechoicebetweenalternativeexpressions.

（iii）Styleasasetofindividualcharacteristics

（iv）Styleasdeviationfromanorm.

（v）Styleasasetofcollectivecharacteristics.

（vi