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新编英语3unit1
PartThreeAfter-ClassReading
PassageOneTwowaysoflookingatlife
·Answerthefollowingquestions
1.Whatmakesthefatherbelievethathisdaughterisdeaf?
Whatishisreaction?
2.Whatistheexplanationinthebabybookfoundbythemother?
Doesthefatherbelieveit?
3.Whydotheycallthepediatrician?
4.Whathappenstothelittlebabyattheendofthestory?
Isitreallydeaf?
5.Astotheattitudestowardlife,whatisthedifferencebetweenthefatherandthemother?
6.Whatcanyoulearnfromthestory?
·TextStructure
1.Introduction:
Yourattitudestronglyreflectsyouroutlookonlife.
2.Body:
Thefatherandthemotherhavequitedifferentattitudetothesameevent.(Para.1-18)
Wheneversomethingbadhappens:
A:
Thefatherispronetodepression
B:
Themotherislikelytobemoreoptimistic.
3.Thecontrastbetweentheoptimistsandpessimists:
(Para.19-21)
A.Theoptimiststendtobelievedefeatisjustatemporarysetback,whilethepessimiststendtobelievebadeventswilllastalongtime.
B.Theoptimistsdomuchbetterinschoolandatworkthanthepessimists,whilethepessimistsgiveupmoreeasilyandgetdepressedmoreoften.
·Keywordsandexpressions
1.aptitude天资,天赋attitude态度,看法gratitude感激,感谢
课文中出现的这三个词均带有名词后缀“-itude”,其表示情况,状态,性质。
含有该后缀的词还有:
latitude纬度,longitude经度,altitude高度,solitude孤独,multitude大批
2.attachvt.
1)tofasten,joinorconnect;toplaceorfixinposition:
e.g.Usethiscabletoattachtheprintertothecomputer.
用这根电缆将打印机和电脑连接起来
2)toattachaparticularqualitytosomethingistoconsiderittohavethatquality:
attachanyimportance/significance/greatvalueto认为……(重要/有意义/有价值)
3.confinevt.
1)tolimitanactivity,personorprobleminsomeway:
e.g.Pleaseconfineyouruseofthetelephonetobusinesscalls.
该电话仅限于用在业务往来上。
2)[usuallypassive]tokeepsomeoneinanenclosedplace,oftenbyforce:
e.g.Thehostageshadbeenconfinedforsolongthattheycouldn'tcopewiththeoutsideworld.
人质被关押的时间太长,已无法应对外部世界。
beconfinedtosomewhere/sth.:
toexistonlyinaparticularareaorgroupofpeople:
e.g.Weknowthattheillnessisnotconfinedtoanyonegroupinsociety.
我们知道这一疾病并不是仅限于任何特定人群。
4.convincevt.topersuadesomeoneormakethemcertain
e.g.Hemanagedtoconvincethejuryofhisinnocence.
他说服了陪审团相信他是清白的。
[+(that)]It'suselesstryingtoconvinceher(that)shedoesn'tneedtoloseanyweight.
要她相信她不需要减肥根本是徒劳的。
[+toinfinitive]Ihopethiswillconvinceyoutochangeyourmind.
我希望这样能让你改变主意。
convincedadj.certain
[+(that)]I'mconvinced(that)sheislying.
我相信她在撒谎。
5.beapttodosth/beapttobesth:
tobelikelytodosomethingortooftendosomething:
e.g.She'sinhereightiesnowandapttobeabitforgetful.
她已80多岁了,有点健忘。
bepronetosth/dosth:
tendingtosufferfromanillnessorshowaparticularnegativecharacteristic:
e.g.Hewaspronetodepressionsevenasateenager.
他十几岁的时候就容易心情沮丧。
tendto:
tobelikelytobehaveinaparticularwayorhaveaparticularcharacteristic:
e.g.[+toinfinitive]Wetendtogetcoldwintersandwarm,drysummersinthispartofthecountry.在这一地区冬天经常很冷,而夏天温暖干燥。
aptliableprone
都含“易于的”意思,它们只能作表语,不能作定语,后面都接不定式。
apt是常用词,尤其是用在口语中,表示“有...倾向的”、“易于...的”,如:
Heisapttogetexcitedovertrifles.
他容易为小事而激动。
liable指“易于产生某种(对主语)不利的后果”,因此常用于警告,如:
You'reliabletogetcoldifyouarenotcareful.
你若不当心就有可能感冒。
prone侧重主语(往往是人,极少用于物)的本性,使之“倾向于”(某种弱点、错误或不良行为),如:
Hewaspronetoanger.
他易于发怒。
·SentenceStudy
1.We’llcallthepediatricianfirstthingMonday.(Line34-35)
【解析】firstthing:
atthefirstthingon/when…
e.g.Callmefirstthingwhenyougetthere.
你一到达那里就给我打电话。
We’llleavefirstthingtomorrowmorning.
明天一早我们就走。
2.Notuntilaweeklater,whenthebabyshowsherfirststartletotheloudsoundofapassingtruck,doeshebegintorecoverandenjoyhisnewdaughteragain.
【解析】本句是部分倒装句。
因为句首是否定词“notuntil”,其后的句子必须用倒装。
e.g.Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.
直到十九世纪初人类才知道什么是热。
类似的否定词还有:
neither,nor,scarcely,nosooner,seldom,little,never,etc.
3.Theytendtobelievedefeatisjustatemporarysetback,thatitscausesareconfinedtothisonecase.(Line61-62)
【解析】该句中“believe”后跟两个宾语从句。
特别注意第二个从句前的“that”一般不可以省略。
4.Twenty-fiveyearsofstudyhasconvincedmethat[ifwehabituallybelieve,asdoesthepessimist,thatmisfortuneisourfault,isenduring,andwillundermineeverythingwedo],moreofitwillhappentousthanifwebelieveotherwise.
【解析】该句结构较为复杂。
主句是“studyhasconvincedme”,后面的宾语从句中有一个条件状语从句“ifwehabituallybelieve…everythingwedo”,其中含有“believe”的宾语从句“thatmisfortuneisourfault,isenduring,andwillundermineeverythingwedo”和一个插入语“asdoesthepessimist”,相当于“aspessimisthabituallybelieves”。
UsefulExpressions(见课本)
PassageTwoYouAreWhatYouThink
·TextStructure
Part1Positivethinkinghelpsyoutobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.(Para.1-7)
Part2Supportingevidence(8-12)
Part3Thewaysusedtochangefromapessimisttoanoptimist:
(Para13-17)
A:
Paycarefulattentiontoyourthoughtswhenbadthingshappen.
B:
Dosomethingthatiscontrarytoanynegativereactions.
C:
Keeptrackofwhathappens.
Positivethinkingleadstopositiveaction-andreaction.
·Keywordsandexpressions
1.academicadj.concerningteachingorstudyinginacollegeoruniversity教学的;学术的
【习惯用语】anacademicdegree学位;academicfreedom学术自由;academicyear学年;anacademicexchange学术交流
2.inclinedadj.encouraged;likely;tendingto想…的;倾向于…的(常与to,towards等词连用,其中inclinedto/towards+n.;inclined+todo;)
e.g.Iaminclinedtobesickaftereatingfish.我吃完鱼后就想吐。
3.incompetentadj.(atsth./doingsth.)completelyunskillful(insth.)无能力的,不能胜任的
e.g.Heisincompetentatworkingwithhishands.他干手工活很不在行。
【相关词语】competentadj.有能力的;能胜任的competencen.能力;胜任
【同义词、近义词】incapableunfitunqualified
【反义词】competentcapablequalified
4.justifyvt.giveagoodreasonfororbeagoodreasonfor证明…是正当的
e.g.Thecourseofeventsfullyjustifiesourviews.事情的发展完全证明我们的意见是正确的。
【习惯用语】bejustifiedindoing…做……是理所当然的
justifyoneself证明自己的行为
5.trialn.
1)(anexampleof)theactofhearingandjudgingaperson,case,orpointoflawinacourt审讯,审判
e.g.Themanwasontrialforkilling.此人因杀人而受审。
2)(anexampleof)theacttestingtofindquality,value,usefulness,etc.考验;试用
e.g.Wemustputthemachinetotrial.我们必须试行运转那部机器。
6.holdback
1)tomake(sth.)stayinplace阻挡;抑制
e.g.Thevillagersbuiltbanksofearthtoholdbackthefloodwaters.村民们筑起土坝,防止洪水泛滥。
2)topreventthedevelopmentof
e.g.Noonecanholdbackthewheelofhistory.谁也无法组织历史车轮的前进。
·SentenceStudy
1.Whenthingsgoright,theoptimisttakescreditwhilethepessimistthinkssuccessisduetoluck.(Para.6)
【解析】takecredit(tooneselffor…)为某事而居功
dueto由于e.g.Herillnesswasduetobadfood.
2.Parentscanhelpturnthesesuccessesintoasenseofcontrol,andthatbreedsoptimism.(Para.12)
【解析】turn…into(使)变成
e.g.turnwaterintoice使水变为冰;turntearsintolaughter破涕为笑;
asenseofcontrol控制感
breed引起;导致e.g.Fliesbreeddisease.
3.It’satrialanderror,noguarantees,butgiveyourselfachance.(Para.17)
【解析】trialanderror:
(心理)试错法反复试验(动物解决问题的一种方法,据美国心理学家E.L>Thorndike的试误论,认为动物学习是通过尝试——错误的盲目渐进过程。
)
e.g.Hehadlearnedtocookbytrialanderror.他经过反复试烧学会了烹调。
HefoundthebestwayofdrivingthroughNewYorkbytrialanderror.
他通过尝试各种方法找到了驾车穿越纽约的最佳办法。