人力资源管理英文专业词汇.docx

人力资源管理英文专业词汇.docx

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人力资源管理英文专业词汇

‍AppendixA

‍GlossaryofHuman‍ResourceManagement‍Terms

‍absenteesAbsenteesareemployeeswhoarescheduledtobeatworkbutarepresent.‍

AccidentandsicknesspoliciesAccidentandsicknesspoliciesusuallyprovideminimum-carestipendforseveralweeksuptosixmonthstohelpemployeesdefraythelossofincomewhiletheyaresickorrecoveringfromaccident.‍

accreditationAccreditationisaprocessofcertifyingthecompetenceof‍apersoninanareaofcapability.TheSocietyforHumanResourceManagementoperatesanaccreditationprogramforpersonnelprofessionals.‍

activelisteningActivelisteningrequiresthelistenertostoptalking,toremovedistractions,tobepatient,andtoempathizewiththetalker.‍

adverseselectionAdverseselectionoccurswhenaninsurancecompanyhasdisproportionatelyhighpercentageofinsuredswhowillmakeclaimsinfuture.Adverseselectionoftenresultswhenpeoplearegivena‍chancetobuyinsurancewithoutprescreening,whichoftenmeansthatathannormalproportionhaveaconditionthatislikelytocausetobefrequentclaimants.‍

affirmativeactionprogramsAffirmativeactionprogramsaredetailedplans‍developedbyemployerstoundotheresultsofpastemploymentdiscrimination,ortoensureequalopportunityinthefuture.‍

AgeDiscriminationinEmploymentActof1967（asamended）Thisactprohibitsdiscriminationonemploymentbecauseofageagainstthosewho40andolder.‍

AmericanFederationofLaborandCongressofIndustrialOrganization‍（AFL-CIO）TheAFL-CIOisafederationofmostnationalunions.Ittoprovideaunifiedfocalpointforthelabormovement,toassist‍nationalunions,andtoinfluencegovernmentpoliciesthataffectmembersandworkingpeople.‍

appliedresearchAppliedresearchisastudyofpracticalproblems,thesolutionsofwhichwillleadtoimprovedperformance.‍

arbitrationArbitrationisthesubmissionofadisputetoaneutralthird.‍

assessmentcentersAssessmentcentersareastandardizedformofemployeethatreliesonmultipletypesofevaluationandmultipleraters.‍

associatemembershipAssociatemembershipinalabororganizationallowswhoarenotemployedunderaunioncontracttoaffiliatewitha‍unionbypayingfeesandduesinreturnforunion-supportedbenefits.‍

attitudesurveysAttitudesurveysaresystematicmethodsofdeterminingemployeesthinkabouttheirorganization.Thesurveysareusually‍donethroughquestionnaires.Attitudesurveyfeedbackresultswhenthecollectedisreportedbacktotheparticipants.Thisprocessisusuallyfollowedbyactionplanningtoidentifyandresolvespecificofemployeeconcern.‍

attritionAttritionisthelossofemployeeswholeavetheorganization's‍employment.‍

auditreportTheauditreportisacomprehensivedescriptionofpersonnel‍activities.Itincludesbothcommendationforeffectivepracticesandrecommendationsforimprovingpracticesthatareineffective.‍

auditteamAnauditteamconsistsofthosepeoplewhoareresponsiblefortheperformanceofthepersonneldepartment.‍

authorizationcardsAuthorizationcardsareformsthatprospectiveunion‍memberssign.Thecardsindicatetheirwishtohaveanelectiontodeterminewhetheralabororganizationwillrepresenttheworkersintheirwithmanagement.‍

autonomousworkgroupsAutonomousworkgroupsareteamsofworkers,aformalcompany-appointedleader,whodecideamongthemselvesmostdecisionstraditionallyhandledbysupervisors.‍

autonomyAutonomyishavingcontroloverone'swork.‍

bargainingbookAbargainingbookisacompilationofthenegotiation'splansforcollectivebargainingwithlaborormanagement.Increasingly,thebargainingbookisbeingreplacedbyinformationstoredinaccompanyorunioncomputer.‍

bargainingcommitteeTheunionbargainingcommitteeconsistsofunionofficialsandstewardswhonegotiatewithmanagement'srepresentativesto‍determinewages,hours,andworkingconditionstobeembodiedintheagreement.‍

behaviorallyanchoredratingscales（BARS）BARSrateemployees‍scalethathasspecificbehavioralexamplesonittoguidetherater.‍‍

BehavioralmodelingBehavioralmodelingreliesontheinitiationoremulationofadesiredbehavior.Arepetitionofbehaviormodelinghelpsto‍developappropriateresponsesinspecifiedsituations.‍

behaviormodificationBehaviormodificationstatesthatbehaviordepends‍onitsconsequences.‍

blindadsBlindadsarewantadsthatdonotidentifytheemployer.‍

bonafideoccupationalqualifications（BFOQ）ABFOQoccurswhenanemployerhasajustifiedbusinessreasonfordiscriminatingagainstamember‍ofaprotectedclass.TheburdenofprovingaBFOQgenerallyfallson‍theemployer.‍

bottom-linetestThebottom-linetestisappliedbytheEqualEmploymentCommissiontodetermineifafirm'soverallselection‍processishavinganadverseimpactonprotectedgroups.Eventhoughstepsintheselectionprocessmightexhibitanadverseimpact‍onaprotectedgroup,thefirmwillbeconsideredincomplianceifthe‍overallprocessdoesnothaveanadverseeffect.‍

BoulwarismBoulwarismisanegotiationstrategydevelopedbyGeneral.Usingthisapproachthecompanymadeits"best"offertothe‍unionatthebeginningofnegotiations.Thenitremainedfirmunlessthe‍unioncouldfindwheremanagementhaderredinthecalculationsusedtoattheoffer.ThisstrategyhasbeenruledasanunfairlaborpracticebytheNationalLaborRelationsBoardandbythefederalcourts.‍

brainstormingBrainstormingisaprocessbywhichparticipantsprovideideasonastatedproblemduringafreewheelinggroupsession.‍

buddysystemThe"buddysystem"oforientationexistswhenanexperiencedemployeeisaskedtoshowanewworkeraroundthejobsite,conductintroduction,andanswerthenewcomer'squestions.‍

burnoutBurnoutisaconditionofmental,emotional,andsometimesphysicalexhaustionthatresultsfromsubstantialprolongedstress.‍

businessagentAbusinessagentisafull-timeemployeeofalocal（usually）union.Thebusinessagenthelpsemployeesresolvetheirproblemsmanagement.‍

businessunionismBusinessunionismdescribesunionsthatseektoimprovewages,hours,andworkingconditionsoftheirmembersinabusiness‍likemanner.（Seesocialunionism.）‍

buy-backBuy-backsoccurwhenanemployeewhoattemptstoresignisconvincedtostayintheemploymentoftheorganization.Normallythepersonis"boughtback"withanofferofincreasedwagesorsalary.‍

CafeteriabenefitprogramsCafeteriabenefitprogramsallowemployeesto‍selectthefringebenefitsandservicesthatanswertheirindividualneeds.‍

careerAcareerisallthejobsthatareheldduringone'sworkinglife.‍

careercounselingCareercounselingassistsemployeesinfindingappropriatecareergoalsandpaths.‍careerdevelopmentCareerdevelopmentconsistsofthoseexperiencesandimprovementsthatoneundertakestoachieveacareerplan.‍

careergoalsCareergoalsarethefuturepositionsthatonestrivestoreach.‍Thesegoalsserveasbenchmarksalongone'scareerpath.‍

careerpathAcareerpathisthesequentialpatternofjobsthatformone's‍career.‍

careerplanningCareerplanningistheprocessbywhichoneselectscareer‍goalsandpathstothosegoals.‍

careerplateauAcareerplateauoccurswhenanemployeeisinapositionheorshedoeswellenoughnottobedemotedorfiredbutnotwell‍enoughtobepromoted.‍

changeagentsChangeagentsarepeoplewhohavetheroleofstimulating‍changewithinagroup.‍

checkoffAcheckoffprovisioninaunion-managementlaboragreementrequirestheemployertodeductunionduesfromemployeepaychecksandremitthosemoneystotheunion.‍

CivilRightsActof1964Thisactwaspassedtomakevariousformsofdiscriminationillegal.‍

closedshopAclosedshopisaworkplacewhereallemployeesarerequired‍tobemembersoftheunionbeforetheyarehired.Thesearrangements‍areillegalundertheNationalLaborRelationsAct.‍

codeterminationCodeterminationisaformofindustrialdemocracyfirst‍popularizedinWestGermany.Itgivesworkerstherighttohaverepresentativesvoteonmanagementdecisions.‍

coinsuranceclauseAcoinsuranceclauseisaprovisioninaninsurancepolicythatrequirestheemployeetopayapercentageoftheinsured's‍

communicationCommunicationisthetransferofinformationandunderstandingfromonepersontoanother.‍

comparableworthComparableworthistheideathatajobshouldbeevaluatedastoitsvaluetotheorganizationandthenpaidaccordingly.Thusofcomparableworthwouldbepaidequally.Forexample,twopeople‍withwidelydifferentjobswouldbothreceivethesamepayifthetwowereofequalvaluetotheemployer.‍

comparativeevaluationapproachesComparativeevaluationapproachesarecollectionofdifferentmethodsthatcompareoneperson'sperformance‍withthatofco-workers.‍

compensationCompensationiswhatemployeesreceiveinexchangefortheir.‍

ComprehensiveEmploymentandTrainingActof1973（CETA）CETAwasarangingactdesignedtoprovidejobtraining,employment,andjobassistancetolessadvantagedpersons.IthassincebeenreplacedtheJobPartnershipTrainingAct.‍‍

concentrationinemploymentConcentrationexistswhenanemployer（or‍somesubdivisionsuchasadepartment）hasahigherproportionofemployeesfromaprotectedclassthanisfoundintheemployer'slabormarket.（Seeunderutilization.）‍

concessionarybargainingConcessionarybargainingoccurswhenlabornegotiationsresultinfeweremployer-paidfringebenefitsorconcessions,suchasafreezeorwagecut.‍

conciliationagreementaconciliationagreementisanegotiatedsettlement‍agreeabletotheEEOCandtoallpartiesinvolved.Itsacceptancescloses‍thecase.‍

ConsolidatedOmnibusBudgetReconciliationActof1985（COBRA）