新能源汽车产业发展研究外文文献译文4656.docx

新能源汽车产业发展研究外文文献译文4656.docx

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新能源汽车产业发展研究外文文献译文4656

文献出处：

AhmanM.GovernmentpolicyandthedevelopmentofelectricvehiclesinJapan[J].EnergyPolicy,2015,34（4）:

433-443.

（声明：

本译文归XX文库所有，完整译文请到XX文库。

）

原文

TheAnalysisontheDevelopmentofNew-energyVehicleIndustryinJapan

AhmanM.

Abstract

Inrecentyears,withthecontinuousdevelopmentofnationaleconomy,allcountriesintheworldespeciallydevelopingcountries,ledbyChina,India,therapidgrowthofcarownership.Automobileexhaustemissionforthedamagecausedbythenaturalenvironmentandhumanlivingenvironmentismoreandmoreobvious;Carsneedrisingoilconsumption,theinternationalenergysupplytensions,humanproductionandwayoflifehascometohavetochangefromtimetotime.Broughtbythetraditionalautomobileenergyconsumptionandclimatewarminghavenotallowtoignore.Undersuchbackground,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehiclestoreducethepollutionoftheenvironment,easetheoilshortagehasimportantsignificance.

Newenergycarsrepresentthefutureoftheworldautomobileindustrydevelopmentdirection,isthecommandingheightsoftheworldautomobileindustryinthefuture.Vigorouslydevelopnewenergyvehiclesistheworld'scountriesandmajorautomakerscommonstrategicchoice.Sincethe2008financialcrisis,theworld'smajorautomobileproductioncountriesincreasethedevelopmentofnewenergyautomotiveindustryasitsindustrycompetitionability,keepthesustainableeconomicandsocialdevelopmentofmajorstrategicmeasures.Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofnewenergyvehiclesbutalsothebreachtoseekaneweconomicgrowthpointandthebasicwaytorealizetransportationenergytransformation.Supportfornewenergyvehicletechnologyandrelatedfiscalandtaxpolicy,hasbecomethepowerfulweaponofcountriestotacklethefinancialcrisis.Tothatend,countrieshaveissuedaseriesofpoliciesandmeasurestoencouragedomesticthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehiclesandrelatedindustry.

Astheworld'ssecondlargestautoproducerandahandfulofautomotivetechnologypowerhouse,Japan,whichismainlycomposedofhybridandelectricvehiclesinthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehicles,leadstheworldinothercountries.Atthesametime,Japanisalsoahybridcarpenetrationofthehighest.OnApril12,2010,theJapaneseeconomy,tradeandindustryjointJapaneachbigautocompaniesandtheacademiccommunitytosetupthestrategyof"anewgenerationofautomobileresearchinstitute"announced"anewgenerationofautomotivestrategy2010",putforwardtoJapanbuilt"anewgenerationofnewenergyautomobileresearchanddevelopmentandproductionbase".StudythedevelopmentofJapan'snewenergyautomotiveindustrywillhaveonthedevelopmentofnewenergyvehiclesindustryinChinahasimportantsignificance.

Keywords:

Japan,thenewenergyvehicles,developmentstrategy,industrialpolicy,prospects

1Newenergycarsandindustryoverview

Newenergyvehiclesincludehybridelectricvehicles,pureelectricvehicles,includingsolarcars）,fuelcellelectricvehiclesandothernewenergyvehicles,etc.Differentfromotherconventionalvehicles,newenergyvehiclesuseunconventionalfuelaspowersource,hastheadvantagesoflowemissionevenzeroemissionpollutiontotheenvironmentpressureissmall,hasaverybroadprospects.

Ahybridcaristhekeytoahybridsystem,itsperformanceisdirectlyrelatedtotheoverallperformanceofahybridcar.Aftermorethantenyearsoftechnologydevelopment,thehybridsystemhasbeenfromtheoriginalengineandthediscretestructureofthemotortothedevelopmentofengine,motorandtransmissionintegrationstructure,namelyintegratedhybridsystem.Ahybridcaristheelectriccarwiththecombinationofthetraditionalinternalcombustionenginevehicle,itinheritsthelow-emissionelectriccars,theadvantagesoflownoise,andplayedacommonfuelcarsandtheadvantagesofhighpower,hightorquesignificantlyimprovedthetraditionalinternalcombustionenginevehicleemissionsandfueleconomy,increasedtherangeofpureelectricvehicles,bytheinternalcombustionenginecarstoelectriccarsplayanimportantroleintheprocess.

Mixedtypehybridvehiclesystemsincludesthecharacteristicsofseriesandparallelconnection.Powersystemincludingengines,generatorsandmotors.Drivenbyanelectricmotordrivingonlywheninlowspeed,whenthespeedmatchtheengineandelectricmotordrivethecar.Thiswayneedpowerdistributiondeviceandgenerator,etc.,sothestructureiscomplex.Pureelectricvehiclesisakindofusingsinglebatteryasenergystoragepowercars.ItUSESbatteryasenergystoragepowersource,throughthebatterytotheelectricmotor,Driveelectricmotoroperation,thuspushingthecar.Pureelectricvehiclechassis,body,batteries,electricmotors,controllerandbatteryandsoonsixparts.Duetotheelectricmotorwithgoodtraction,sopureelectricvehicledrivesystemdoesnotneedtheclutchandtransmission.Speedregulationsystemofspeedcontrolbythecontrollerthroughchangethespeedoftheelectricmotorcanberealized.Andthedifferencefromthehybrid,pureelectricvehiclesasadevicewithouttheuseofinternalcombustionenginecompletely,alsodonotusefuelssuchasgasoline,diesel,butcompletelyuserechargeablebatteries.

Theadvantageofpureelectricvehiclesis:

first,ititselfisnottheharmfulgasofatmosphericpollutionemissions.Evenbytheequivalentpowerconsumptionofpowerplantemissions,inadditiontosulfurandparticulatematter,otherpollutantswasalsosignificantlyreduced,becausemostofpowerplantsbuiltinawayfromthedenselypopulatedcities,lessdamageinhumans,andpowerplantsisstationary,concentrationofemissions,removeallkindsofharmfulemissionsmoreeasily,alsohavetherelevanttechnology.Duetopowercanbeobtainedfromavarietyofprimaryenergy,suchascoal,hydropower,nuclearpower,liftingthepeoplefearofpetroleumresourcesbecamemoreandmoredriedup.Second,pureelectricvehiclescanalsomakefulluseofthenightwhentroughthesurpluselectricitypower,makethegeneratingequipmentcanmakefulluseofdayandnight,greatlyimprovetheeconomicbenefit.Inaddition,thepureelectricvehiclestructureissimple,operationandlessdrivingpart,maintenanceisconvenient.

Atpresent,thepureelectricvehiclestherearestillsometechnicaldefects.Themainproblemisthebatteryunitweighttostoretoomuchelectricity,onceafterafullchargemileageisnotideal;Atthesametime,highreservesbatteryservicelifeisshort,thecostishigh,maketheoverallcostishigher,pureelectricvehicles,ofcourse,it'snoneofpureelectricvehiclestorealizecommercialization,alsocan'tformscaleeconomy.Therefore,thedevelopmentofawiderangeofpureelectricvehiclesisthetoppriorityofthedevelopmentofadvancedbattery.

Fuelcellcarfuelcellisusedasthepowersourceofelectricvehicles.Thebatteryenergyisthroughthechemistryofhydrogenandoxygen,directlyintoelectricity.Storageofhydrogenandoxygenintheairinthefuelcellproduceschemicalreaction,generateelectricitytostartthemotor,soastodrivethecar.Inaddition,methanol,hydrogengas,gasoline,dieseloilcanreplace.Fuelcellintheprocessofchemicalreactionwithoutburning,sothefuelcellcarisnopollutiontotheenvironment.Atthesametime,theenergyconversionefficiencyoffuelcellis2to3timeshigherthantheinternalcombustionengine,sofromtheaspectsofenergyutilizationandenvironmentalprotection,isanidealvehiclefuelcellcar.

Comparedwiththetraditionalvehicles,fuelcellvehicleshasthefollowingadvantages:

nopollution,zeroemissions.ToreducethegreenhousegasemissionsHighenergyconversioneffect.Widerangeoffuelselection.Inrecentyears,greatprogresshasbeenmadeinfuelcelltechnology,theworldmanyfamousautomobilemanufacturerssuchasToyota,ford,BMW,etcarepurposeful,plannedtofuelcellvehiclesonthemarket.

Hydrogenpoweredcarsaredividedintohydrogenfuelcellvehicleswithhydrogeninternalcombustionvehicle.Theformerwithordinaryfuelcellcars,byhydrogenfuelcellsinliquidhydrogenandoxygentoproduceelectricityintheairtopushthecar.Withhydrogenfuelcellvehiclesusingdifferentmotor,hydrogenisusedforcarinternalcombustionengine,byhydrogengasandairmixturecombustionproducesenergy,soastomovethecar.Hydrogeninternalcombustionvehicleinazerodischargeofhydrogenfuel-cellcars,nopollution,etc.

Befoulreferstoproductoritsby-productsofagricultureandforestry,industrialwaste,livinggarbageandotherbiologicalorganismanditsmetabolicwasteasrawmaterialformakingfuel.Inmostcases,"befoul"usedtospecificallytoethanol,methanol,aliquidfuelssuchasbodies.Befoulsmainlyincludebiologicaldieselcarsandfuelethanolcar.

2globalnewenergyautomobileindustrydevelopmentsituation

2.1theglobalnewenergyautomobilemarket

Newenergyvehiclesasanimportantbranchoftheautoindustry,infact,intheearly1930s,Italyhasstarteditsdevelopmentcourse.Justbecauseofthehighcostofresearchanddevelopmentandmanufactureofnewenergyvehiclesitself,andtheglobalenergysupplyofthe20thcenturywasnotsonervousinthe21stcentury,itsdevelopmenthasperhapsslowly.Enteringthenewcentury,withtheglobalenergypricessoaring,newenergyvehiclesreallyfounditsstage,showsahugeadvantageandvitality.

2.1.1Toyota

Asthemaininnovatorsofhybridcars,Toyotamotorcorp.announced,accordingtotheresultsofthesurvey,ToyotaFebruaryasofZoneitshybridaccumulativetotalsalesofm