日照市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题附答案.docx

日照市最新 高考英语 阅读理解复习题附答案.docx

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日照市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题附答案

日照市最新高考英语阅读理解复习题（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobecomeshort-sightedinlatelife,astudyhasshown.

   Asmanyasaquarterofallcasesofshort-sightednessarecausedbytoogreatanexposuretosunlightinthefirstweeksoflife,sayeyeexperts.

   Theyareadvisingallparentstoputsunglassesontheirbabiesduringthefirstweeks.

   Scientistshadalreadyestablishedthatover-exposuretosunlightcausedshortsightednessinanimals.

   Researcherswhocomparedthemonthsinwhichbabieswerebornwithwhethertheyneededglasseslateronsaytheprinciplealsoappliestohumans.

   Astudyofalmost300,000youngadults-thelargestofitskind-showedthatthoseborninJuneandJulyhada25percentgreaterchanceofbecomingseverelyshort-sightedthanthoseborninDecemberorJanuary.

   ResearchleaderProfessorMichaelBelkin,ofTelAvivUniversity,saiditwasbecauseprolongedillumination（光照）causestheeyeballtolengthen-causingshort-sightedness.

   Hencethemorelightanewbornisexposedto,themoretheeyeballlengthensandtheworsetheshort-sightednesswillbe.

   Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin（褪黑激素）,apigment（色素）whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.

   Inyoungbabiesnotenoughmelatoninisreleasedasprotection,meaningtheyaremorevulnerabletosunburnandchangestoeyeballshape.

   SightexpertProfessorDanielO'Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said"Atthemomentwedon'tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted."

（1）Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.

A. becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabies

B. becausebabiesborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballs

C. iftheyareexposedtoomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyarebornD

 ifparentsdon'tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies'eyes

（2）Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.

A. preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted     

B. protecttheskinfromharmfulsunrays

C. makeourbodystrong                                             D. protectbabies'eyesfromsummersun

（3）FromwhatProfessorDanielO'Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.

A. thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlight

B. whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherproved

C. hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightedness

D. hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight

（4）Theunderlinedword"vulnerable"inthepassageprobablymeans__________.

A. easytobeharmed                   

B. resistant                   

C. protective                   

D. changeable

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段和第二段可知，眼科专家称：

在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段中的“Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin（褪黑激素）,apigment（色素）whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.“可知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段可知，剑桥大学的 视学专家DanielO'Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。

故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。

在婴幼儿时期，没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护，婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤，并且改变眼球的形状。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   DemandfortheChinesetechcompany'sdevices（设备）isredhoteventhoughthecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingsmallerHuawei'sChinasalesrocketedmorethan20%inthefinalquarterof2018,andexpertssaythat'spartlyduetotheUSgovernment'sglobalcampaignagainstthecompany.

   “ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism（爱国主义）inChineseconsumers,saidJusyHong,ananalystatresearchfirmIHSMarkit.

   HepointedoutthatsomeChinesecompaniesencouragedemployeestobuyHuaweiphoneslatelastyear.Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.

   Huawei'sboomingsalesshowhowmajorpartsofitsbusinesscontinuetoincreaseevenastheUnitedStatestriestopersuadeothercountriestoshutHuaweiproductsoutof5Gwirelessnetworksandpursues（追究）criminalchargesagainstit.ThecompanyexpectstoovertakeSamsungastheworld'sbiggestsmartphonemakerbynextyear.

   Huaweisold30millionphonesinChinainthelastthreemonthsof2018,nearlythreetimesasmanyasApple（AAPL）,accordingtodatapublishedthisweekbyresearchfirmsCanalysandIDC.Apple'ssalesplungedalmost20%.

   Huawei'ssuccessinChina,theworld'slargestsmartphonemarket,ismorethanaboutgeopolitics（地缘政治）.Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-end-phonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.Andbyofferingaselectionofcheaperphones,Huaweiisabletotargetabiggermarket.

   ItalsobenefitedfromthetroublesthisyearatZTE（ZTCOF）,arivalChinesesmartphoneandtelecommunicationsequipmentmaker.ZTEwasbannedbytheUSgovernmentfrombuyingvitalAmericanpartsformonthslastyear.

（1）WhydidHuawei'sChinasalesincreasegreatlyaccordingtothearticle?

A. Becausethecompany'sdevicesarealwayspopularworldwide.

B. BecauseChineseconsumers'patriotismwasaroused.

C. BecausethegovernmentencouragespeopletobuyHuaweidevices.

D. Becausethecountry'soverallmarketforsmartphonesisgettingbigger.

（2）Whatcanweconcludefromthethirdparagraph?

A. Huawei'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadaduetotheUS'srequest.

B. AllChinesecompaniesshowedtheirsupporttoHuaweiwiththeirpurchase.

C. JusyHongthoughttheUnitedStatesarrestedHuawei'schieffinancialofficer.

D. JusyHongthoughtthearrestofHuawei'schieffinancialofficerisunfair.

（3）Howdoyouunderstandtheunderlinedwordinthefifthparagraph?

A. increasedgreatlyby.                                        

B. reducedgreatlyto.

C. droppedgreatlyby.                                          

D. remainedsteady.

（4）WhyisHuawei'ssuccessinChinamorethanaboutgeopolitics?

A. BecauseHuaweihasthelargestsmartphonemarketintheworld.

B. BecauseHuawei'ssuccessisonlylimitedwithinChinamainland.

C. BecauseHuaweihastheabilitytotargetabiggermarketintheworld.

D. BecauseChineseconsumersarequitesatisfiedwithHuaweismartphones.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了华为公司在手机市场日益缩小的中国仍然火爆的原因。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"ThelatesttensionbetweentheUSandChinaraisedthepatriotism（爱国主义）inChineseconsumers,"可知中国消费者的爱国主义被唤起，华为在中国的销售量大增。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Themoveswereagestureofsupportafterthefirm'schieffinancialofficerwasarrestedinCanadainearlyDecemberattherequestoftheUnitedStates.”可知华为的首席财务官因美国的要求在加拿大被捕。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文可知华为手机销量大增而苹果手机销量大跌，故推测此处“plunged”意为销量下降。

故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“Chineseconsumersloveitsflagship,high-endphonesbecausetheyhavegreatcameras,cuttingedgetechnologyandcostlessthanthelatestiPhones,accordingtoanalysts.”可知中国消费者对华为的智能手机很满意。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和词义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   AgreatnumberofspeciesmaketheirhomeinthevastwatersoftheAtlanticOcean.Althoughtheentireoceanmakesupanecosystem,manysmallerhabitatsarefoundwithin,includinganopen-waterhabitatoffthecoastoftheNorthernAtlanticOceanknownastheSargassoSea.Sargassumisanalga（海藻）thatfloatsinmassesthatcancontinueformiles.ThewatersoftheGulfStreampushthewaterinanorthwardmoveintothisarea.Thisconstantmoveandvaryingtemperaturesupporttheaccumulationofthebrown-coloredseaweed.

   TheSargassoSeaissoenormousthatonemethodofinformationcollectionhasnotbeenenoughforscientiststoobtainanaccuratepictureofwhattakesplacewithinthisecosystem.Researchershaveneededtoemployseveralmethodsofsampling.Methodssuchasdraggingnetsoverthesurfaceofthewaterandvideotapingbeneathareasofsargassumhaveservedscientistswell.InformationcollectedhasshownthattheGulfStreampushesbrownalgaefromopenwaterintotheSargassoSeaarea,creatingadiversefloatinghabitatinanareathatwouldotherwisenotsupportthatwildlife.

   InthemostrecentstudyofthesargassumcommunityofftheshoresofNorthCarolina,eighty-onefishspeciesweredocumentedasusingtheareaasamicrohabitat.Thisisanincreasefrompreviousstudies.Thetypesoffishfoundherearebothcommerciallyandenvironmentallyimportant.TheSouthAtlanticFisheryManagementCouncilisworkingtoregulatetheharvestingofsargassum.TheCouncilhopestohavetheareaclassifiedasanEssentialFishHabitat.Whichwouldafforditcertainprotections.

   FurtherresearchneedstobedonebeforescientistsunderstandhowtobestprotecttheSargassoSeaaswellasunderstandhowitgoesaboutsupportingsomanyimportanttypesofwildlife.

（1）Theauthoruses"enormous"inparagraph2tostressthat      .

A. theAtlanticOceanisreallyamazingintermsofitssizeandarea

B. whattheresearchersdoishighlyrespectedbyscientificcommunity

C. theresearchworkiscomplexbecausealargeareamustbecovered

D. alargeamountofmoneyfortheSargassoSearesearchisneeded

（2）Itcanbeinferredfromthephrase"neededtobedone"inparagraph4thattheauthorthinks      .

A.theSargassoecosystemisworthourattentionandneedsmorestudy

B.thescientificcommunityhasignoredthiscomplexecosys