雅思阅读考题回顾.docx

雅思阅读考题回顾.docx

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雅思阅读考题回顾

2012年8月11日雅思阅读考题回顾

来源：

朗阁培训中心　　编辑：

xm　　发布日期:

2012-08-20

摘要：

厦门朗阁培训中心为烤鸭们整理了8月11日雅思阅读真题回顾以及备考建议。

考试日期：

2012年8月11日

ReadingPassage1

Title:

ElNiñoPhenomenon厄尔尼诺

Questiontypes:

TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN

Summary填空

文章内容回顾

关于厄尔尼诺现象的介绍以及它产生的影响

英文原文阅读

ThetermElNiño—Spanishfor"theChristChild"—wasoriginallyusedbyfishermentorefertothePacificOceanwarmcurrentsnearthecoastsofPeruandEcuadorthatappearedperiodicallyaroundChristmastimeandlastedforafewmonths.Duetothosecurrents,fishweremuchlessabundantthanusual.Atthepresenttimeweusethesamenameforthelarge-scalewarmingofsurfacewatersofthePacificOceanevery3-6years,whichusuallylastsfor9-12months,butmaycontinueforupto18months,anddramaticallyaffectstheweatherworldwide.

ElNiñoeventshappenirregularly.Theirstrengthisestimatedinsurfaceatmosphericpressureanomaliesandanomaliesoflandandseasurfacetemperatures.

TheElNiñophenomenondramaticallyaffectstheweatherinmanypartsoftheworld.Itisthereforeimportanttopredictitsappearance.Variousclimatemodels,seasonalforecastingmodels,ocean-atmospherecoupledmodels,andstatisticalmodelsattempttopredictElNiñoasapartofinterannualclimatevariability.PredictingElNiñohasbeenpossibleonlysincethe1980s,whenthepowerofcomputersbecamesufficienttocoververycomplicatedlarge-scaleocean-atmosphereinteractions.

ElNiño'sImpact

ThestrongestElNiñoeventsofthe20thcenturyoccurredin1982-'83andin1997-'98.Theeffectsof1982-'83includedsignificantstormsthroughoutthesouthwestUnitedStatesandoneofAustralia'sworstdroughtsofthecentury.

AccordingtotheWorldMeteorologicalOrganization,the1997-'98ElNiñowasamajorfactorin1997srecordhightemperatures.Theestimatedaveragesurfacetemperatureforlandandseaworldwidewas0.8°Fhigherthanthe1961-1990averageof61.7°F.AccordingtotheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration（NOAA）,1998hassetall-timehighsofgloballandandoceansurfacetemperatures,aboverecordhighlevelsin1997.In1998themeantemperaturewas1.2°F（0.7°C）abovethelong-term（since1880）meanof56.9°F（13.8°C）.

Theimpactofthe1997/8ElNiñohasbeenfeltinmanypartsoftheworld:

DroughtshaveoccurredintheWesternPacificIslandsandIndonesiaaswellasinMexicoandCentralAmerica.InIndonesiadroughtcauseduncontrollableforestfiresandfloods,whilewarmweatherledtoabadfisheriesseasoninPeru,andextremerainfallandmudslidesinsouthernCalifornia.CoralsinthePacificOceanwerebleachedbywarmerthanaveragewater,andshippingthroughthePanamaCanalwasrestrictedbybelow-averagerainfall.

ElNiñophenomenadramaticallyaffecttheweatherthroughouttheworld.Amongotherweatheranomalies,ElNiñoeventsareresponsiblefor:

AshiftofthunderstormactivityeastwardfromIndonesiatothesouthPacific,whichleadstoabnormallydryconditionsandseveredroughtsduringbothwarmandcoldseasonsinAustralia,thePhilippines,Indonesia,southeasternAfricaandBrazil.

DuringthesummerseasontheIndianmonsoonislessintensivethannormalandthereforeitismuchlessrainythanusualinIndia.

MuchwetterconditionsatthewestcoastoftropicalSouthAmerica.

ElNiñoimpactsontheUnitedStates,NorthAmericaandtheAtlanticregionsinclude:

WetterthanthenormalconditionsintropicallatitudesofNorthAmerica,fromTexastoFlorida,includingmoreintensivewintertimestorms.

ExtremerainfallandfloodingeventsinCalifornia,OregonandWashington.

MuchmilderwintersandlateautumnsinnorthwesternCanadaandAlaskaduetopumpingofabnormallywarmairbymid-latitudelowpressuresystems.

Belownormalhurricane/tropicalcycloneactivityintheAtlantic（however,theirstrengthisnotlimitedbyElNiño）.

DrierthannormalNorthAmericanmonsoons,especiallyforMexico,ArizonaandNewMexico.

DrierthannormalautumnsandwintersintheU.S.PacificNorthwest.

Summary

ElNiñoisawarmphaseoftheinterannualclimateoscillationcalledElNiñoSouthernOscillation（ENSO）event,anexampleoflarge-scaleocean-atmosphereinteraction,andischaracterizedbylarge-scalewarmingofthesurfacetropicalPacificOcean.ElNiñoeventsoccurevery3-6years,last9-12months,sometimesevenupto18months,andhaveabigimpactonworldweather.

ThemajorimpactsofElNiñoaretemperatureanomalies,changesinprecipitationvariability,floodsanddroughtsthroughouttheworld.

ElNiñoeventshappenirregularlyandarehardtopredict.HowevermanynumericalclimatemodelspredictedthelastfewElNiñoeventssuccessfully.ElNiñoforecastingisbecomingmoreandmorereliablewithourimprovingknowledgeofthephenomenon'snature,withthehelpofmoreandmorepowerfulcomputers,andwiththeoperationalElNiñoSouthernOscillationobservationsystem.

ElNiñoforecastingisespeciallyimportantfortropicalcountrieswhereElNiñoimpactsarethestrongest.

题型难度分析

据考生回忆，第一篇较简单。

一种是填空类的题型，另一种是考生易拿分的经典题型判断题。

题型技巧分析

是非无判断题是雅思考试阅读的经典题型，虽然今年的题量相对减少，但是仍是复习备考时应关注的题型。

首先应该注意看清是TRUE还是YES,本篇是TRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN

解题步骤：

1.速读问题的句子，找出考点词（容易有问题的部分）。

考点词：

比较级，最高级，数据（时间），程度副词，特殊形容词，绝对化的词（only,most,each,any,every,thesameas等）。

2.排除考点词，在余下的词中找定位词，去原文定位。

3.重点考察考点词是否有提及，是否正确。

TRUE的原则是同义替换，至少有一组近义词。

FALSE是题目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一组反义词。

NOTGIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推断，尤其多考察题目的主语等名词在原文是否有提及。

Summary题，有顺序原则。

先关注instruction字数限制

其次，定位summary在原文的始末位置，summary开头和结尾分别找keywords定位到原文。

根据空格前后信息，预测空格上的单词（单复数，可数与否，词性，-ing,-ed,固定搭配等）

在空格附近找定位词（专有名词，数字，句子主语，表示方位的介词，表时间的词，不认识的可数名词）

剑桥雅思推荐原文练习

剑4Test1Passage1

剑5Test3Passage1

ReadingPassage2

Title:

汽车的发展史

Questiontypes:

Matching,不同车型的信息

简答题（6-7个）

文章内容回顾

这篇是讲汽车的发展历史，介绍了不同的车型。

英文原文阅读

HISTORYOFCARS

TheHistoryoftheCarhasbeenalongandchallengingone.In1678asmallsteamcarwasshownoffthathadbeenmadefortheChineseemperor.Itwasthefoundingoftheearlyhistoryofthecar.By1769,NicholasCugnotwasdemonstratinganAutomobileinFrance.By1801,RichardTrevithickwasdemonstratingasteam-carriageinBritain.TheCarcontinueditsdevelopmentinBritainuntilalawgoverningtheuseofcarsbasicallystoppeddevelopmentfortherestofthatcenturyinBritain.

In1789,OliverEvanswasgrantedthefirstautomobilepatentintheUnitedStates.

ThefirstautomobilesthathadgasolinepoweredinternalcombustionenginesweredevelopedinGermanybyseveraldifferentinventorsaroundthesametimeabout1885.By1895,thediscbrakewaspatentedbyFrederickWilliamLanchesterofBritain.In1889,PanhardetLevassorinFrancebecamethefirstcompanytoformtobuildjustautomobiles.Steam,electricity,andgasoline-poweredautoscompetedforthemarketshare.Thecarwasbecomingbigbusinessinhistory.

From1908to1927,theFordModelTbecamethemostwidelyproducedcarofitstime.ThevintageeraofCarHistorylastedfrom1919to1929andwasdominatedbyfrontenginecars.Thepre-wareraofcarhistorylastedfrom1930to1948.ThisearwasperhapsdominatedbytheVolkswagenBeetle.

ThePost-WareraofCarHistorywasthegreatestperiodofCarDevelopment.

AlthoughNicolas-JosephCugnotisoftencreditedwithbuildingthefirstself-propelledmechanicalvehicleorautomobileinabout1769,thisclaimisdisputedbysome,whodoubtCugnot'sthree-wheelereverran,whileothersclaimFerdinandVerbiest,amemberofaJesuitmissioninChina,builtthefirststeampoweredcararound1672.IneithercaseFranisIsaacdeRivaz,aSwissinventor,designedthefirstinternalcombustionenginewhichwasfuelledbyamixtureofhydrogenandoxygenandusedittodeveloptheworld'sfirstvehicletorunonsuchanengine.Thedesignwasnotverysuccessful,aswasthecasewithSamuelBrown,SamuelMorey,andEtienneLenoirwhoeachproducedvehiclespoweredbyclumsyinternalcombustionengines.InNovember1881FrenchinventorGustaveTrouvdemonstratedaworkingthree-wheeledautomobile.ThiswasattheInternationalExhibitionofElectricityinParis.AnautomobilepoweredbyanOttogasolineenginewasbuiltinMannheim,GermanybyKarlBenzin1885andgrantedapatentinJanuaryofthefollowingyearundertheauspicesofhismajorcompany,Benz&Cie.whichwasfoundedin1883.AlthoughseveralotherGermanengineers（includingGottliebDaimler,WilhelmMaybach,andSiegfriedMarcus）wereworkingontheproblemataboutthesametime,KarlBenzisgenerallyacknowledgedastheinventorofthemodernautomobile.In1879Benzwasgrantedapatentforhisfirstengine,designedin1878.Manyofhisotherinventionsmadetheuseoftheinternalcombustionenginefeasibleforpoweringavehicleandin1896,Benzdesignedandpatentedthefirstinternalcombustionflatengine.Approximately25Benzvehicleswerebuiltandsoldbefore1893,whenhisfirstfour-wheelerwasintroduced.Theywerepoweredwithfour-strokeenginesofhisowndesign.EmileRogerofFrance,alreadyproducingBenzenginesunderlicense,nowaddedtheBenzautomobiletohislineofproducts.BecauseFrancewasmoreopentotheearlyautomobiles,morewerebuiltandsoldinFrancethroughRogerthanBenzsoldinGermany.DaimlerandMaybachfoundedDaimlerMotorenGesellschaft（DaimlerMotorCompany,DMG）inCannstattin1890andunderthebrandname,Daimler,soldtheirfirstautomobilein1892.By1895about30vehicleshadbeenbuiltbyDaimlerandMaybach,eitherattheDaimlerworksorintheHotelHermann,wheretheysetupshopafterfallingoutwiththeirbackers.BenzandDaimlerseemtohavebeenunawareofeachother'searlyworkandworkedindependently.Daimlerdiedin1900andlaterthatyear,Mayb