最新高三英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧超强及练习题含答案及解析.docx

最新高三英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧超强及练习题含答案及解析.docx

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最新高三英语阅读理解科普环保解题技巧超强及练习题含答案及解析

最新高三英语阅读理解（科普环保）解题技巧（超强）及练习题（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解科普环保类

1．犇犇阅读下面文章，然后从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出每个问题的最佳选项。

   Whenweseeapersonintrouble,thefirstideathatcomestoourmindistolendahand.Butwhatifweseeananimalintrouble,doesthesameruleapply?

   Thisquestionwasraisedafteragroupofpenguinsweresavedfromanicygully（峡谷）inAntarctica.ItwasfilmedfortheBBCwildlifeseriesDynasties.Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.

   Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm.Viewerswatchingthisfilmletoutasighofrelief."I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?

"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.

   However,othersthinkhumaninterference（干涉）isunnatural."Youcan'thavesunshinethroughoutyourlife.Tohavedoneanythingelsewouldonlymakemattersworse,"saidtheshow'screatorDavidAttenborough,accordingtoTheTimes.

   Inthiscase,however,MikeGunton,theexecutiveproduceroftheseries,saidthatthiswasaone-offsituation."Therewerenoanimalsgoingtosufferbyinterfering.Youweren'ttouchingtheanimalsanditwasjustfeltbydoingthis...theyhadthechancenottohavetokeepslippingdowntheslope,"hetoldtheBBC.

   SuchcasesarefamiliartoPaulNicklen,wildlifephotographerforNationalGeographic.HetoldMetro,"Ifit'severapredator（捕食者）situation,nomatterhowgut-wrenching,youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."

   "There'snorulebookinthosesituations.Youcanonlyrespondtothefactsthatarerightthereinfrontofyou,"WillLawson,theshow'sdirector,toldDailyMail.

（1）Whathasledtoaheatedmediadiscussion?

A.People'svariousremarksonpenguins.

B.Therescueofpenguinsfromagully.

C.Somepenguins'sufferingsinagully.

D.WaysoffilmingtheseriesDynasties.

（2）Whoholdsapositiveattitudetowardshumaninterference?

A.KathrynShaw.

B.WillLawson.

C.PaulNieklen.

D.DavidAttenborough.

（3）Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheword"gut-wrenching"underlinedinparagraph6?

A.Puttingoneinplace.

B.Makingoneconfused.

C.Puttingoneindanger.

D.Makingoneheartbroken.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.ReasonsfortheNecessityofLendingaHandtoAnimals

B.SuggestionsonHowtoProtectAnimalsFromDanger

C.EffectsofHumanInterferenceonDangerousAnimals

D.OpinionsonWhethertoHelpAnimalsinTroubleorNot

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了当动物们面临危险时，我们是否要伸出援救之手，以及如何去保护它们脱险。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Thefilmcrewwereanxiouswhentheysawthatagroupofpenguinshadfallenintoagullyandbeentrappedwiththeiryoung.Theybuiltaslope（斜坡）sothatafewofthepenguinscouldsavethemselves.”和第三段中的“Thecasehastakentheinternationalmediabystorm”可知，从峡谷中救出企鹅这一事件引起了大家的热议。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“I'msoglad.Iunderstandnottakingactiondirectly,butahelpinghandisn'tbothering,right?

"viewerKathrynShawsaidonherFacebook.”可知，她对帮助动物是很赞成的，故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据上文大家对干涉动物的行为有不同观点，再结合下文的“youstayoutoftheway.Evenwhenyou'rewatchingamalepolarbeareatababybear."可知，此句句意为：

如果这是个捕食的情景，无论你是多么的心碎，你都不能干预。

结合四个选项可知，此处用Makingoneheartbroken（心碎）最合句意。

故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文就救助企鹅的视频引发的热议讲述了当动物面临危险时，我们如何伸出援助之手给出了一些建议。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“若何保护动物脱险的建议”。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科教类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．犇犇阅读理解

   Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside.Youwereoftencold,wet,slipontheice,andyou'darrivehometoanice-coldhouse.Andthatwouldmeanturningontheheatingandwaiting.It'samiracleyoudidn'tgetcoldtothebone.

   Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems.Itmeansdealingwithwinterneedn'tbelikeskatingonthinice.

   Withasmartthermostat（温度自动调节器）,ourhomescanbewarmwhenweneedthemtobe.Manymodelsfeaturesmartphoneappsthatallowyoutocontroltemperatureremotely,sowecanwarmupthehousebeforewearrivehome.Accordingto,Tado'smodelfeaturesvoicecontrol,whiletheNest'leans'yourhabitsandautomaticallyheatsthehomeforyou.

   Clotheshavebeengivenanupgrade,too.Electronicthermaljackets,sweatersandcoatsheatupwhenyouturnthemon.Whatbetterwaytokeepwarminthedeadofwinter?

Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside.Manymodelsofferthreelevelsofheatingwhichstaywarmforover12hours..

   Finally,thereistheclothingforthehead,beaniesandEarmuff,thatfeaturespeakersincludedinthefabricusingBluetoothtechnologysowecanlistentoourfavouritemusicor,insomecases,haveaphonecallusingthein-builtmicrophone.Allwhilekeepingtheheadwarmandavoidingacold.

   Formany,thethoughtofwinterusedtobeenoughtomaketheirbloodruncold.Butusingtechnology,lifeneedn'tfreezeup.Withtherightsolutions,there'snoreasonwhywintercan'tbereally,reallycool.

（1）Whatdotheunderlinedwords"bundleup"meaninPara.1?

A. Fixanairconditioner.        

B. Takeahotbath.        

C. Runalot.        

D. Putonmoreclothes.

（2）Howdoeselectronicthermalclothingwork?

A. Theequipmentplacedinsidetheclothingproducesheat.

B. Itneedstobewarnedupbeforebeingused.

C. Thethermostatheatupautomaticallywhenthetemperatureislow.

D. Itkeepswarmforover12hoursafterbeingchargedfoxanhour.

（3）Fromthepassage,wecanleanthefollowingstatementsEXCEPTthat________.

A. Tado'smodelcanbecontrolledbysayingsomethingtoit

B. withthein-builtspeakerandmicrophone,BeaniesandEarmuffsuserscanhaveaphonecall

C. technologycandonothingtomakewinterlessrough

D. Bluetoothtechnologyisusedintheclothingforthehead

（4）What'sthebesttitleofthispassage?

A. ASmartThermostat                                         

B. AModernwinter

C. Waysofkeepingwarm                                    

D. Anunpleasantwinter

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。

现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。

人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。

比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的"Inmymemory,wintersalwaysusedtobereallyunpleasant.Youhadtobundleupjusttokeepwarmwhenyouwentoutside."可知，在我的记忆中，冬天总是很不令人愉快。

你外出时必须穿得暖和一点。

所以通过"keepwarm"可知，外出时要想暖和一些，就要多穿衣服。

故判断出第1段中带下划线的单词"bundleup"是多穿点衣服。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"Atthetouchofabutton,orthroughanapponourphones,theclothinggeneratesheatfromelementsplacedinside."可知，只要按下按钮，或者通过手机上

应用程序，安装在衣服内部的电子元件就会产生热量。

所以电子保暖服装工作的原理是安装在衣服内部的电子元件产生热量。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Fortunately,thingsdon'thavetobesochallenginganymore.Technology,engineringanddesignhaveadvancedgivingusnewsolutionstooldproblems"可知，幸运的是，事情不需要再这么有挑战性了。

先进的技术、引擎环和设计为我们提供了解决老问题的新方法。

所以C选项"科技无法让冬天变得不那么难熬"不符合短文说明的内容。

故选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，在科技并不发达的过去，人们可能会为如何在严寒天气里更好地保暖而倍感困扰。

现如今，每到严冬时节，虽然温度骤降、天气恶劣，但随着各类智能保暖产品的问世，冬天也能变得舒适宜人。

人们凭借科学技术发明了各式各样的防寒方法。

比如，用智能电子设备调节屋内和衣物的温度；使用无线科技制造会自动发热的服饰。

所以短文的最佳标题为"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"。

故B选项"让现代科技温暖你的冬日"符合题意。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．犇犇Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

   Studiesshowthatolderpeopletendtorememberthepositivethingsinliferatherthanthenegativethings,whileyoungerpeoplerememberthepositiveandnegativeequallywell.Thedominantpsychologicaltheorytoexplainthisisthatolderpeopleareawareoftheirlimitedtimeleft,sotheyprioritizepositiveemotionalexperiences.Butaboutadecadeago,IworkedwithbiologistRobertTriversonhisideathattherewasanevolutionarybasisforolderpeople'sincreasedpositiveoutlook.Ourresearchtookusinthefascinatingdirectionofexploringhowthebodyusesitsenergy.

   Whenourancestorsneededmoreenergythanusual,perhapswhilebeingchasedbyatiger,theyhadtogetthatenergyfromsomewhereinthebody.Couldtheyborrowitfromthebrain?

Thatorganuses20percentofourmetabolic（新陈代谢）output,whetherwearesolvingmathproblemsorwatchingtelevisionreruns.Duetothisconstantenergyrequirement,borrowingenergyfromthebrainwhenourneedsurpassestheavailablesupplyisnotanoption.Perhapswecouldborrowenergyfromourmuscles.Becauseweusefarmoremuscleenergywhenweareactivethanwhenatrest,inprinciple,wecouldborrowenergywhenwearesitting.Buttheproblemisthatmostoftheenergy-demandingemergenciesofourancestorsrequiredamuscularresponse.Therewasnowaytoborrowenergyfromourmusclesduringanemergencybecauserelaxingwhenatigershowedupwasnotaneffectiveresponse.Thisbringsustoourimmunesystem,which,whenstrong,protectsusfrommanyillnessesanddiseases.Likethebrain,theimmunesystemworksatgreatmetaboliccost,butlargelyintheserviceofkeepingushealthyinthefuture.Wehaveanenormousnumberofimmunecellscoursingthroughourbody,amomentarybreakfromproductionisfine.So,whenourbodyneedsextraenergy,oneoftheplacesitgoesisourimmunefunction.Whenyou'rebeingchasedbyatiger,youdon'tneedtowasteenergymakingimmunecellstofightofftomorrow'scold.Whatyouneedistoshiftallavailableenergyresourcestoyourlegs,withthehope