职称英语考试综合类A级真题试卷及参考答案.doc

职称英语考试综合类A级真题试卷及参考答案.doc

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2012年职称英语考试综合类A级真题试卷及参考答案

第一部分：

词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Heshiftedhispositionalittleinorderto（alleviate）thepaininhisleg.

A.controlB.easyC.experienceD.suffer

2.Ouraimwasto（update）thehealthservice,andwesucceeded.

A.offerB.provideC.modernizeD.fund

3.Shemovesfromone（exotic）locationtoanother.

A.unusualB.familiarC.similarD.proper

4.Nothingwould（induce）metovoteforhimagain.

A.teachB.helpC.discourageD.attract

5.Thephotographs（evoked）strongmemoriesofourholidayinFrance.

A.refreshedB.storedC.blockedD.erased

6.Theweatherwas（crisp）andclearandyoucouldseethemountainsfiftymilesaway.

A.hotB.heavyC.freshD.windy

7.Everyweekthemagazinepresentsthe（profile）ofawell-knownsportspersonality.

A.successB.descriptionC.evidenceD.plan

8.Hercommentsaboutmenare（utterly）ridiculouscompletely.

A.slightlyB.completelyC.partlyD.faintly

9.Thewallsaremadeof（hollow）concreteblocks.

A.bigB.emptyC.longD.now

10.Wealmost（raninto）aRolls-Roycethatpulledoutinfrontofuswithoutsignaling.

A.overtookB.hitC.passedD.found

11.WhenIheardthenoiseinthenextroom,Icouldn’tresisthavinga（peep）look.

A.chanceB.visitC.lookD.try

12.Hehasbeengranted（asylum）inFrance.

A.powerB.reliefC.protectionD.license

13.Hewas（weary）oftheconstantbattlebetweenthem.

A.fondB.tiredC.proudD.afraid

14.Newbornbabiescan（discriminate）betweenaman’sandawoman`svoice.

A.treatB.distinguishC.expressD.analyzes

15.Alltheflatsinthebuildinghadthesame（layout）arrangement.

A.colorB.sizeC.functionD.arrangement

答案：

alleviate—ease

update—modernize

exotic—unusual

induce—attract

evoked—refreshed

crisp—fresh

profile—description

utterly—completely

hollow—empty

raninto—hit

peep—look

asylum—protection

weary—tired

discriminate—distinguish

layout—arrangement

第二部分：

阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

InSports,RedistheWinningColor

Whenopponentsofagameareequallymatched,theteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin,accordingtoanewstudy.

BritishanthropologistsRussellHillandRobertBartonoftheUniversityofDurhamreachedthatconclusionbystudyingtheoutcomesofone-on-oneboxing,taekwondo,Greco-Roman-wresting,andfreestyle-wrestlingmatchesatthe2004SummerOlympicsinAthens,Greece.

IneacheventOlympicstaffrandomlyassignedredorblueclothingorbodyprotectiontocompetitors.Whenotherwiseequallymatchedwiththeiropponentinfitnessandskill,athleteswearingredweremorelikelytowinthebout.

"Wheretherewasalargepointdifference—presumablybecauseonecontestantwasfarsuperiortotheother—colorhadnoeffectontheoutcome,"Bartonsaid."Wheretherewasasmallpointdifference,theeffectofcolorwassufficienttotipthebalance."

Inequallymatchedbouts,thepreponderanceofredwinswasgreatenoughthatitcouldnotbeattributedtochance,theanthropologistssay.HillandBartonfoundsimilarresultsinareviewofthecolorswornattheEuro2004internationalsoccertournament.Theirreportwillbepublishedintomorrow'sissueofthejournalNature.

JoannaSetchell,aprimateresearcherattheUniversityofCambridgeinEngland,hasfoundsimilarresultsinnature.HerworkwiththelargeAfricanmonkeysknownasmandrillsshowsthatredcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.

Thefindingthatredalsohasanadvantageinhumansportingeventsdoesnotsurpriseher,adddingthat"theideaofthestudyisveryclever."

HillandBartongottheideafortheirstudyoutofamutualinterestintheevolutionofsexualsignalsinprimates—"redseemstobethecolor,acrossspecies,thatsignalsmaledominanceandtestosteronelevels,"Bartonsaid.

Forexample,studiesbySetchell,theCambridgeprimateresearcher,showthatdominantmalemandrillshaveincreasedredcolorationintheirfacesandrumps.Anotherstudybyotherscientistsshowsthatredplasticringsexperimentallyplacedonthelegsofmalezebrafinchesincreasethebirds'dominance.

BartonsaidheandHillspeculatedsomespeculatedthat"theremightbeasimilareffectinhumans.Andifso,itcouldbeapparentinsportingcontests."

Thepairsaytheirresultsindicatethatsexualselectionmayhaveinfluencedtheevolutionofhumans'responsetocolor.

Setchell,theprimatologist,agrees."AsHillandBartonsay,humansreddenwhenweareangryandpalewhenwe'rescared.Theseareveryimportantsignalstootherindividuals,"shesaid.

Theadvantageofredmaybeintuitivelyknown,judgingfromtheprevalenceofreduniformsinsports—"thoughitisclearlynotverywidelyappreciated,onaconsciouslevelatleast,"Bartonsaid.

Headdsthatthefindingofred'sadvantagemighthaveimplicationsforregulationsthatgovernsportingattire.IntheOlympicmatcheshesurveyedforthenewstudy,forexample,itispossiblesomemedalwinnersmayhavereachedthepedestalwithanunintendedadvantage.

"Thatistheimplication,thoughwecannotsaythatitmadethedifferenceinanyonespecificcase,"Bartonsaid.

Meanwhile,Setchellnoted—tongue-in-cheek—thataredadvantagemaynotbelimitedtosports."Goingbytherecent[U.S.]electionresults,redisindeedquitesuccessful,"shesaid.

16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheoutcomeofsportsmatched.

17.HillandBartonarebothinterestedinprimates.

18.Malemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractamate.

19.Redisnotanadvantageforzebrafinches.

20.Theredplasticringswereleftonthefinchespermanently.

21.HillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.

22.Manyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsportsuniforms.

答案：

16.BothHillandBartonwantedtofindoutifcoloraffectstheoutcomesofsportsmatches.

答案为A（right）.

相关句：

They（HillandBarton）…reachedtheconclusionbystudyingtheoutcomesofboxing…

Theoutcomes回应上文中提到的“theteamdressedinredismorelikelytowin”

17.HillandBartonarebothinterestedinprimates（灵长目）.

答案为A（right）.

相关句：

HillandBartongottheideaforthestudyfromamutualinterestinprimates.

18.Malemandrillsuseyellowcolorationtoattractamate.

答案为B（wrong）.

相关句：

Redcolorationgivesmalesanadvantagewhenitcomestomating.

19.RedisnotanadvantageforZebrafinches（斑胸草雀）.

答案为B（wrong）.

相关句：

ScientistsputredplasticringsonthelegsofmaleZebrafemales,whichincreasedthebird’ssuccessinfindingamate.

20.Theredplasticringswereleftonthefinchespermanently.

答案为C（notmentioned）.

21.HillandBartonbelieveathletesinredaremorelikelytowin.

答案为A（right）.

相关句：

Acrossarangeofsports,wefindthatwearingredisconsistentlyassociatedwithahigherprobabilityofwinning.

22.Manyathletesopposethenewregulationsonsportuniforms.

答案为C（notmentioned）

相关句：

thediscoveryofred’sadvantagemightleadtonewregulationsonsportsuniforms.

第三部分：

概括大意和完成句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；

（2）第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

Howtechnologypushesdownprice

TheTreatyofBreda,signedin1667afterawarbetweentheEnglishandDutchinwhichtheEnglishwereworsted,gavetheDutchthebigprize:

Run,asmallislandintheIndonesianarchipelagowhichwastheworld'sprincipalsourceofnutmeg.Themarginonnutmegatthetimewasaround3,200%.TheEnglish,asaconsolationprize,gotManhattan.Asanillustrationofthelong-termfallinfoodpricescomparedwithothergoods,thatisasharpone.Butdeflationhascharacterizedthefoodbusinessforcenturies,becauseofcontinualadvancesinfoodproductionanddistributiontechnology.

Consumershavebenefitedgreatlyfromthoseadvances.Malthusians,whosedescendantsuntilquiterecentlypredictedthattheworldwouldrunoutoffood,havetherebybeenconfounded.Moreandmorefoodisbeingproducedbyfewerandfewerpeoplewithlessandlesscapital;itisthereforeevermoreplentifulandcheaper.Sincedemandistosomeextentlimitedbythesizeofpeople'sstomachs,spendingonfoodcomparedwithothergoodshasbeenfallingformanyyears,andcontinuestodrop（seechart4）.

Geneticallymodified（GM）seedsarethelatestmanifestationofaproductionrevolutionthatstartedwithCharles“Turnip”Townsend,whointhe18thcenturylaidthebasisforcroprotation.Organicfertiliserswerereplacedbychemicalonesinthe19thcentury.TherailwayopeneduptheAmericanmid-west.Thehorsereplacedthecow,thecombineharvesterthehorse.Afterthesecondworldwar,dwarfvarietiesofwheatandrice（whichovercametheproblemthatheavilyfertilisedcropsinhotcountriesgrewtootallandfellover）boosteddeveloping-countryoutput.The“greenrevolution”helpedtriggeramorerecent“livestockrevolution”,documentedbyChrisDelgado,whoworksjointlyfortheInternationalFoodPolicyResearc