英语演讲:Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate(共24页)16000字.docx
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英语演讲:
RemarksattheBrandenburgGate
RonaldReagan:
RemarksattheBrandenburgGate
Thankyou.Thankyou,verymuch.
ChancellorKohl,GoverningMayorDiepgen,ladiesandgentlemen:
Twentyfouryearsago,PresidentJohnF.KennedyvisitedBerlin,andspeakingtothepeopleofthiscityandtheworldatthecityhall.Wellsincethentwootherpresidentshavecome,eachinhisturntoBerlin.Andtoday,I,myself,makemysecondvisittoyourcity.
WecometoBerlin,weAmericanPresidents,becauseit'sourdutytospeakinthisplaceoffreedom.ButImustconfess,we’redrawnherebyotherthingsaswell;bythefeelingofhistoryinthiscity--morethan500yearsolderthanourownnation;bythebeautyoftheGrunewaldandtheTeirgarten;mostofall,byyourcourageanddetermination.Perhapsthecomposer,PaulLinke,understoodsomethingaboutAmericanPresidents.Yousee,likesomanypresidentsbeforeme,IcomeheretodaybecausewhereverIgo,whateverIdo:
“IchhabnocheinenhofferinBerlin”[IstillhaveasuitcaseinBerlin.]
OurgatheringtodayisbeingbroadcastthroughoutWesternEuropeandNorthAmerica.IunderstandthatitisbeingseenandheardaswellintheEast.TothoselisteningthroughoutEasternEurope,IextendmywarmestgreetingsandthegoodwilloftheAmericanpeople.TothoselisteninginEastBerlin,aspecialword:
AlthoughIcannotbewithyou,Iaddressmyremarkstoyoujustassurelyastothosestandingherebeforeme.ForIjoinyou,asIjoinyourfellowcountrymenintheWest,inthisfirm,thisunalterablebelief:
EsgibtnureinBerlin.[ThereisonlyoneBerlin.]
Behindmestandsawallthatencirclesthefreesectorsofthiscity,partofavastsystemofbarriersthatdividestheentirecontinentofEurope.FromtheBalticSouth.thosebarrierscutacrossGermanyinagashofbarbedwire,concrete,dogruns,andguardtowers.Farthersouth,theremaybenovisible,noobviouswall.Butthereremainarmedguardsandcheckpointsallthesame--stillarestrictionontherighttotravel,stillaninstrumenttoimposeuponordinarymenandwomenthewillofatotalitarianstate.
Yet,itishereinBerlinwherethewallemergesmostclearly;here,cuttingacrossyourcity,wherethenewsphotoandthetelevisionscreenhaveimprintedthisbrutaldivisionofacontinentuponthemindoftheworld.
StandingbeforetheBrandenburgGate,everymanisaGermanseparatedfromhisfellowmen.
EverymanisaBerliner,forcedtolookuponascar.
PresidentvonWeizsackerhassaid,"TheGermanquestionisopenaslongastheBrandenburgGateisclosed."Welltoday--todayIsay:
Aslongasthegateisclosed,aslongasthisscarofawallispermittedtostand,itisnottheGermanquestionalonethatremainsopen,butthequestionoffreedomforallmankind.
Yet,Idonotcomeheretolament.ForIfindinBerlinamessageofhope,evenintheshadowofthiswall,amessageoftriumph.
InthisseasonofspringinXXXX年,thepeopleofBerlinemergedfromtheirair-raidshelterstofinddevastation.Thousandsofmilesaway,thepeopleoftheUnitedStatesreachedouttohelp.AndinXXXX年SecretaryofState--asyou'vebeentold--GeorgeMarshallannouncedthecreationofwhatwouldbecomeknownastheMarshallPlan.Speakingprecisely40yearsagothismonth,hesaid:
"Ourpolicyisdirectednotagainstanycountryordoctrine,butagainsthunger,poverty,desperation,andchaos."
IntheReichstagafewmomentsago,Isawadisplaycommemoratingthis40thanniversaryoftheMarshallPlan.Iwasstruckbythesignonaburnt-out,guttedstructurethatwasbeingrebuilt.IunderstandthatBerlinersofmyowngenerationcanrememberseeingsignslikeitdottedthroughoutthewesternsectorsofthecity.Thesignreadsimply:
"TheMarshallPlanishelpingheretostrengthenthefreeworld."Astrong,freeworldintheWest,thatdreambecamereal.Japanrosefromruintobecomeaneconomicgiant.Italy,France,Belgium--virtuallyeverynationinWesternEuropesawpoliticalandeconomicrebirth;theEuropeanCommunitywasfounded.
InWestGermanyandhereinBerlin,theretookplaceaneconomicmiracle,theWirtschaftswunder.Adenauer,Erhard,Reuter,andotherleadersunderstoodthepracticalimportanceofliberty--thatjustastruthcanflourishonlywhenthejournalistisgivenfreedomofspeech,soprosperitycancomeaboutonlywhenthefarmerandbusinessmanenjoyeconomicfreedom.TheGermanleaders--theGermanleadersreducedtariffs,expandedfreetrade,loweredtaxes.FromXXXX年toXXXX年alone,thestandardoflivinginWestGermanyandBerlindoubled.
Wherefourdecadesagotherewasrubble,todayinWestBerlinthereisthegreatestindustrialoutputofanycityinGermany--busyofficeblocks,finehomesandapartments,proudavenues,andthespreadinglawnsofparkland.Whereacity'scultureseemedtohavebeendestroyed,todaytherearetwogreatuniversities,orchestrasandanopera,countlesstheaters,andmuseums.Wheretherewaswant,todaythere'sabundance--food,clothing,automobiles--thewonderfulgoodsoftheKudamm.Fromdevastation,fromutterruin,youBerlinershave,infreedom,rebuiltacitythatonceagainranksasoneofthegreatestonearth.TheSovietsmayhavehadotherplans.Butmyfriends,therewereafewthingstheSovietsdidn'tcounton--BerlinerHerz,BerlinerHumor,ja,undBerlinerSchnauze.[Berlinerheart,Berlinerhumor,yes,andaBerlinerSchnauze.**]
IntheXXXX年s--IntheXXXX年sKhrushchevpredicted:
"Wewillburyyou."
ButintheWesttoday,weseeafreeworldthathasachievedalevelofprosperityandwell-beingunprecedentedinallhumanhistory.IntheCommunistworld,weseefailure,technologicalbackwardness,decliningstandardsofhealth,*evenwantofthemostbasickind--toolittlefood.Eventoday,theSovietUnionstillcannotfeeditself.Afterthesefourdecades,then,therestandsbeforetheentireworldonegreatandinescapableconclusion:
Freedomleadstoprosperity.Freedomreplacestheancienthatredsamongthenationswithcomityandpeace.Freedomisthevictor.*
Andnow--nowtheSovietsthemselvesmay,inalimitedway,becomingtounderstandtheimportanceoffreedom.WehearmuchfromMoscowaboutanewpolicyofreformandopenness.Somepoliticalprisonershavebeenreleased.Certainforeignnewsbroadcastsarenolongerbeingjammed.Someeconomicenterpriseshavebeenpermittedtooperatewithgreaterfreedomfromstatecontrol.
*ArethesethebeginningsofprofoundchangesintheSovietstate?
Oraretheytokengestures,intendedtoraisefalsehopesintheWest,*ortostrengthentheSovietsystemwithoutchangingit?
Wewelcomechangeandopenness;forwebelievethatfreedomandsecuritygotogether,thattheadvanceofhumanliberty--theadvanceofhumanlibertycanonlystrengthenthecauseofworldpeace.
ThereisonesigntheSovietscanmakethatwouldbeunmistakable,thatwouldadvancedramaticallythecauseoffreedomandpeace.
GeneralSecretaryGorbachev,ifyouseekpeace,ifyouseekprosperityfortheSovietUnionandEasternEurope,ifyouseekliberalization:
Comeheretothisgate.
Mr.Gorbachev,openthisgate.
Mr.Gorbachev--Mr.Gorbachev,teardownthiswall!
Iunderstandthefearofwarandthepainofdivisionthatafflictthiscontinent,andIpledgetoyoumycountry'seffortstohelpovercometheseburdens.Tobesure,weintheWestmustresistSovietexpansion.So,wemustmaintaindefensesofunassailablestrength.Yetweseekpeace;sowemuststrivetoreducearmsonbothsides.
Beginning10yearsago,theSovietschallengedtheWesternalliancewithagravenewthreat,hundredsofnewandmoredeadlySS-20nuclearmissilescapableofstrikingeverycapitalinEurope.TheWesternalliancerespondedbycommittingitselftoacounter-deployment(unlesstheSovietsagreedtonegotiateabettersolution)--namely,theeliminationofsuchweaponsonbothsides.Formanymonths,theSovietsrefusedtobargaininearnestness.Asthealliance,inturn,preparedtogoforwardwithitscounter-deployment,thereweredifficultdays,daysofprotestslikethoseduringmyXXXX年visittothiscity;andtheSovietslaterwalkedawayfromthetable.
Butthroughitall,theallianceheldfirm.AndIinvitethosewhoprotestedthen--Iinvitethosewhoprotesttoday--tomarkthisfact:
Becauseweremainedstrong,theSovietscamebacktothetable.Becauseweremainedstrong,todaywehavewithinreachthepossibility,notmerelyoflimitingthegrowthofarms,butofeliminating,forthefirsttime,anentireclassofnuclearweaponsfromthefaceoftheearth.
AsIspeak,NATOministersaremeetinginIcelandtoreviewtheprogressofourproposalsforeliminatingtheseweapons.AtthetalksinGeneva,wehavealsoproposeddeepcutsinstrategicoffensiveweapons.AndtheWesternallieshavelikewisemadefar-reachingproposalstoreducethedangerofconventionalwarandtoplaceatotalbanonchemicalweapons.
Whilewepursuethesearmsreductions,IpledgetoyouthatwewillmaintainthecapacitytodeterSovietaggressionatanylevelatwhichitmightoccur.Andincooperationwithmanyofourallies,theUnitedStatesispursuingtheStrategicDefenseInitiative--researchtobasedeterrencenotonthethreatofoffensiveretaliation,butondefensesthattrulydefend;onsystems,inshort,thatwillnottargetpopulations,butshieldthem.BythesemeansweseektoincreasethesafetyofEuropeandalltheworld.Butwemustrememberacrucialfact:
EastandWestdonotmistrusteachotherbecausewearearmed;wearearmedbecausewemistrusteachother.Andourdifferencesarenotaboutweaponsbutaboutliberty.WhenPresidentKennedysp