阅读理解教育文化练习及解析.docx

阅读理解教育文化练习及解析.docx

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阅读理解教育文化练习及解析

阅读理解（教育文化）练习及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解教育文化类

1．阅读理解

   BrianGreene,aprofessorofphysicsandmathematicsatColumbiaUniversity,hascreatedanonlinescienceeducationplatform.Hetriesto"buildabridge"withthingsyouknowabout,andthen"bringyouacrossthatbridgetothestrangeplaceofmodernphysics".

   RecentlyIhadachancetoaskGreeneaboutwormholes（aholewhichsomescientiststhinkmightexist,connectingpartsofspaceandtimethatarenotusuallyconnected）,timetravelandothermysteriesoftheuniverse.Iaskedhimamillion-dollarquestion:

WhatifIwentthroughaworm-holeandpreventedmyparentsfrommeeting?

"Mostofusbelievethattheuniversemakessense,"Greenesaid.Althoughthereareseveralinterestingtheoriesabouttimetravel,headded,thelawsofphysicswouldprobablypreventsomethingsoillogicalfromtakingplace.Thegoodnewsisthatthetimeparadox（悖论）isopenforfuturephysiciststosolve.

   Whenaskedhowphysicscouldbecomemoreexcitingforkids,GreenesaidthatbooksbyStephenWeinberg,LeonardSusskind,andotherphysicists,"makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths".

   WhenIpointedoutthatsomestudentsstillmightfindphysicsboring,Greenesaidthatthekeyistoteachthemaboutthingsthatarestrange."Thebasicstuffisimportant,"Greenesaid."ButIthinkit'sreallyimportanttoalsodescribethemoremodernideas,thingslikeblackholesandtheBigBang.Ifkidshavethoseideasinmind,thenatleastsomeofthemwillbeexcitedtolearnallthedetails."

   GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.AsGreenesaid,physicsis"notjustamatterofsolvingproblemsinanexam".It'saboutexperimenting,showinganinterestinstrangephenomena（现象）—andhavingfun!

（1）Amillion-dollarquestionisprobablyvery        .

A.direct

B.difficult

C.personal

D.long

（2）ThebooksbyWeinbergandSusskind        .

A.areboringtoread

B.aremainlyaboutmaths

C.arepopularsciencebooks

D.areonlypopularamongkids

（3）AccordingtoParagraph4,whichofthefollowingdoesGreeneagreewith?

A.Modernphysicsisaboringsubject.

B.Interestplaysanimportantroleinstudying.

C.Itisnotnecessarytolearnallaboutphysics.

D.ItiseasytodescribeblackholesandtheBigBang.

（4）Inthelastparagraph,Greenehopesthat        .

A.kidscanlovescienceandphysics

B.kidscandowellinphysicsexams

C.kidscanhavefunwithexperiments

D.kidscanfindmorestrangethingsinlife

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，物理和数学教授BrianGreene希望更多的孩子可以对现代物理学感兴趣。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段Greene对这个问题的解释以及他说需要未来的物理学家去解决可知,作者提出的这个问题非常难。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“…booksby…‘makeitagreattimeforpeoplewhowanttolearnaboutbigideasbutaren'tyetready,perhaps,tolearnmaths'.”可知,Greene认为Weinberg和Susskind等物理学家写的书浅显易懂,适合普通大众阅读,故这些书属于受欢迎的科普读物。

故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段可知,当作者指出一些学生觉得物理无聊时,Greene说重要的是向孩子们讲述一些稀奇古怪的事,并描述一些诸如黑洞和宇宙大爆炸的现代物理现象,如果孩子们知道了这些,他们中的一些就愿意了解所有详细的内容。

因此可推知他认为兴趣在学习过程中起着非常重要的作用。

故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“GreenehasfollowedAlbertEinstein'sleadintryingtosolvethemysteriesoftheuniverse.Nowhewantskidstodothesame.”可知,Greene希望孩子们可以像他一样对科学和物理感兴趣,去探索宇宙的奥秘。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Limitingkids'recreational（消遣的）screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition（认知）,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.

   Thestudyincludedabout4,500USchildrenaged8to11andmeasuredtheirhabitsagainsttheCanadian24-HourMovementGuidelinesforChildrenandYouth.Itfoundthat51%ofthechildrengottherecommended（建议）ninetoelevenhoursofuninterruptedsleeppernight,37%mettherecreationalscreentimelimitoftwohoursorlessperday,while18%metthephysicalactivityrecommendationofatleast60minutesofaccumulatedphysicalactivityaday.Only5%ofthechildreninthestudymetallthreerecommendations;30%metnoneatall.

   Theresearchersfoundthataseachrecommendationwasmetbyaparticipant,therewasapositiveassociationwithglobalcognition,whichincludesmemory,attention,processingspeedandlanguage.Thosewhometallthreehadthemost"superior"globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.

   Otherorganizations,suchastheAmericanAcademyofPediatricshaveguidelinesinplacetohelpwiththemanagementofchildren'sscreentime.Theorganizationsuggestsputtingrealisticrulesorlimitsinplaceforhowlongyourchildrenareontheirscreens,knowingwhotheyaretalkingtoandwhattheyaredoing.Theamountofrecommendedscreentimedependsontheageofthechild.Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating"tech-freezones".

（1）Whoarethetargetreadersofthispassage?

A.Researchers.

B.Teachers.

C.Parents.

D.Children.

（2）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A.Astudyonchildren'sscreentimeispublished.

B.TheUSchildrenfailtomeetmovementguidelines.

C.Organizationsareconcernedaboutchildren'scognition.

D.Limitationonchildren'sscreentimeislinkedtobettercognition.

（3）Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingmightcontributeleasttocognition?

A.Thescreentimelimit.

B.Sleephours.

C.Thephysicalactivitytime.

D.Sleephoursandthescreentimelimit.

（4）WhydoestheAmericanorganizationsuggestcreating"tech-freezones"?

A.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughphysicalplaytime.

B.Tomakesurechildrenhaveenoughsleeptime.

C.Tomakesurechildrenhaverecreationaltime.

D.Toprotectchildrenagainstradiation.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，因为这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Limitingkids'recreational（消遣的）screentimetolessthantwohoursaday,alongwithenoughsleepandphysicalactivity,isassociatedwithimprovedcognition（认知）,accordingtoastudypublishedinTheLancetChild&AdolescentHealth.”可知，本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼，这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。

所以本文的目标读者是父母们，而不是研究人员、老师或儿童。

故选C。

（2）考查主旨大意。

本文主要建议父母们要把孩子的屏幕消遣时间限制在2小时之内、保证孩子有足够的睡眠和锻炼。

根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition…”告诉父母们如果他们这样做可以让孩子有更好的认知能力。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Thosewhometallthreehadthemost'superior'globalcognition,followedbythosemeetingthesleepandscreentimerecommendationandfinallythescreentimerecommendationalone,accordingtothestudy.”可知，满足三个要求的人认知能力最好，接下来是满足睡眠时间以及屏幕消遣限制时间，最后是满足屏幕消遣限制时间。

据此推断，体育锻炼对认知能力影响最小。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Besides,parentsshouldalsomakesuretoencouragephysicalactivityandhavebedroomrulessuchascreating'tech-freezones'.”可知,theAmericanAcademyofPediatrics建议父母们给孩子设立睡眠规则，例如“tech-freezones”，目的是确保孩子在卧室里有足够的睡眠时间。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

   Hobbiesingeneralarebecomingsomethingofthepast.Ourlivesarealreadyfilledwithclasses,homework,working,relationshipsandsleeping.Whenwedohaveasparemoment,itisalltooeasytospenditontheendlessentertainmentandmediathatarerightatourfingertips.

   Idonotdoubtthattherearesomepeoplewhocouldbecomeagreatwriterormusician.Ionlyfearthatsomanypeoplearebusypursuingtheireducationandtheircareers,buttheyneverevenseethepotential（潜能）theyhave.Thenextgreatphotographerorsingercouldbegoingtocollegerightnow.Buttheymightnotevenknowtheyhaveagiftforphotographingorsingingifthey'veneverpickedupacameraoraguitar.

   Ofcourse,thefinalgoalofpursuinganewhobbyshouldn'tbetobecomerichandfamous.Formostpeople,ahobbyisjustsomethingtheyenjoydoingforthepurposeofthethingitself.Suchhobbiesarestillveryuseful.Studieshaveshownthatpeoplewhohaveahobbyarelesslikelytohavestressandmorelikelytohavemoremeaningfullives.

   Mostimportantly,ahobbyisjustsomethingyoudotomakeyouhappy.Ihatetobreakittoyou,butweallhavealonglifetimeofworkandstressaheadofus.Itwillmakethingsmucheasierifwecanpracticethepianoormakesomecollectionsafterwork.

   Sure,it'snoteasytostartanewhobbywhilegoingtoschool,butitwilllikelynevergeteasierthanitisrightnow.Sothinkaboutthethingthatyouhavealwayswantedtotrybutweretooembarrassedorbusyorwhatever.Youneverknow,youmightbecometheworld'snextgreatpeople.Ifnot,you'llatleastbealittlemorewell-rounded,moreinterestingandlessstressed.

（1）WhatdoesParagraph1mainlyshow?

A. Allpeopleshouldlearntorelax.

B. Today'speoplehavelittletimeforhobbies.

C. Peopleinthepasttooktheirhobbiesseriously.

D. People'sliveshavebeennegativelyaffectedbymedia.

（2）Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhobbies?

A. Theymaytakeuptoomuchtime.

B. Theycanhelpusenjoyabetterlife.

C. Theysometimescanbringusstress.

D. Theyshouldmakeusfamousoneday.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?

A. Weshouldstartahobbynow.

B. Startinganewhobbyisn'teasy.

C. We'dbetterdevelopahobbyatschool.

D. Developingahobbywillgeteasierastimegoesby.

（4）What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A. Tointroducesomehelpfulhobbies.

B. Toencourageustohaveahobby.

C. Totellushowtocreateahappylife.

D. Totellushowtofindourpotential.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）B

（3）A

（