英语高三英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx

英语高三英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析.docx

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英语高三英语阅读理解专项训练100附答案及解析

（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练100（附答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.

   Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs（肢）thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.

   Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物学家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.

   Homerthoughtthattidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition（过渡）fromseatoland.

   Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.

   HannahByrneisanoceanographer（海洋学家）atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer'stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits（沉积物）oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.

   AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.

   Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK'sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip（翻转）themselvesbackinthewater.”

   Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity'spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It'sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.

（1）Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?

A. AlfredRomer.             

B. CharlesDarwin.             

C. HannahByrne.             

D. StevenBalbus.

（2）Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbus?

A. Therewerelargeroceans.                               

B. Earthwasclosertothemoon.

C. Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.                   

D. Earthwasundergreaterpressure.

（3）Theunderlinedword“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.

A. found                            

B. settled                            

C. abandoned                            

D. trapped

（4）Whatisthefocusofthearticle?

A. Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.         

B. Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.

C. Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.         

D. Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）D

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，一些新的证据验证了先前人们的猜测理论：

即海洋中的动物是因为潮汐的作用导致鱼类发展出四肢，迁徙到陆地的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist（古生物学家）AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.”和第四段中的“Homerthoughtthattidal（潮汐的）poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了鱼类可能因为潮汐而发展出四肢的理论。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第七段中的“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.”过去的潮汐比现在强。

这是因为地球这颗行星以前比现在离月球近了10%。

可知，选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.”可知，Homer认为海洋生物因为潮汐被迫进入水池；第八段中的“Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof‘’survivalofthefittest,explainedMattiasGreen,“结合两处可知，鱼儿是被迫进入池中，故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，英国生物学家达尔文的《物种起源》极大地提高了科学家对自然的认识。

但仍有不少没有根据的猜测。

其中的一个猜测就是为什么在4亿年前，海洋中的动物有了四肢，从而让他们迁徙到陆地上生活。

一个世纪以前，美国古生物学家AlfredRomer提出的一个想法，即潮汐可能导致鱼类发展出四肢，这再次成为一个热门话题。

针对此许多科学家进行的实验提供了许多新的证据来证实它。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Giventherecentinterestingreenbuildingsinthemedia,let'sthinkdifferently.Insteadoffocusingonincreasingthesupplyofenergy,whatifwefocusonreducingdemand?

   Canwestartwithendingtheopen-doorpracticeofstreet-frontshops?

Whilecoolairfromtheseshopsisrefreshingtopedestrians,itcarriesacost.Energyisusedintheairconditioningprocess.

   Soitmustbepossibletolookforchangesinregulationsthatwouldencouragemoreenergy-savingdesigns.Forinstance,ifwefixceilingfans,air-conditioninghomescouldsurelybeavoidedforpartoftheyear.Ceilingfansusefarlessenergy.Theywereinayearairconditionerscouldstayifceilingfanswerefixed.

   Inhomesbuiltunderthesmall-housepolicyinNewTerritories,theceilingmaybetoolowforceilingfans.Ifthe9-metermaximumbuildingheightregulationwererelaxed,ceilingfanscouldbefixedtoreduceenergyuse.Currentthinkinginsustainablebuildingdesignandoperationinvolvesintegrated（协调统一的）design,thatis,bringtogetherallpartiestocreateabuildingwithbetterperformancethatachievesenergyreduction.

   Forintegrateddesigntosucceed,allpartiesmustcometogetherandthinkbeyondeachperson'scircleofinfluence.Bettersolutionsareimpossibletoavoidwithintegrateddesign.Buildingswouldnolongerbeengineeredafterthebasicarchitecturewasbuilt.Positiveprojectoutcomesmayincludereducedair-conditioningload,reducedpoweruseforelectriclighting,andareductionintheamountofmaterialsused.

   Weneedtoaskifwearereadytolookbeyondourownsmallcirclesandseekanimprovedapproachtobuildingdesign.BythatImeananintegrateddesignresultinginmoresustainablebuildings.

（1）What'stheauthor'sattitudetowardstheopen-doorpracticeofthestreetshops?

A. Supportive.                     B. Disapproving.                     C. Optimistic.                     D. Uncaring.

（2）Whydoestheauthorsuggestfixingceilingfans?

A. Tofollowanoldpractice.                                

B. Tohelpreduceenergyuse.

C. Tocompletelyreplaceairconditioners.          

D. Tohelpcutdownondailyexpenses.

（3）What'sthekeytomakingsustainablebuildingsareality?

A. Allpartiesshouldgetstartedatthesametime.          

B. Thebasicarchitectureshouldbefinishedfirst.

C. Properdesignandperformancetoachieveenergyreduction.          

D. Seekingthesmall-housepolicyandsomesuccessfularchitects.

（4）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. Wasteless,livebetter                                      

B. Goodbye,airconditioning

C. Howtoreducetheenergycost                       D. Greenbuildingscallforintegrateddesign

【答案】

（1）B

（2）B

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文。

作者认为街边商店开放空调的做法虽然给人以凉爽的空气，但却浪费了大量的能源。

所以他鼓励节能的集成设计，即在住宅建成前统一设计，安装吊扇，减少空调的负荷及照明用电等能源。

（1）推理判断题。

根据第二段Canwestartwithendingtheopen-doorpracticeofstreet-frontshops?

Whilecoolairfromtheseshopsisrefreshingtopedestrians,itcarriesacost.Energyisusedintheairconditioningprocess.可知，作者认为虽然这些商店的凉爽空气给行人提神，但open-doorpractice却带来了成本，在空调降低温度过程中消耗了能量。

可知是持不赞成的态度的。

故答案选B项。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段ifwefixceilingfans,air-conditioninghomescouldsurelybeavoidedforpartoftheyear.Ceilingfansusefarlessenergy.如果我们按装吊扇，空调住宅一年中大部分时间可不用空调。

吊扇使用的能量要少得多。

由此可知建议安吊扇是因为能减少能源的使用。

故答案选B项。

（3）推理判断题。

根据第5段为了使集成设计成功，各方必须团结起。

找出更好的解决方案。

这种恰当的正确的设计结果，可以减少空调负荷，减少电力照明用电，减少使用材料的数量。

（Positiveprojectoutcomesmayincludereducedair-conditioningload,reducedpoweruseforelectriclighting,andareductionintheamountofmaterialsused.）故答案C符合题意。

故答案选C项。

（4）主旨大意题。

作者认为商店开放空调导致能源的浪费，所以倡导在住宅区安装吊扇的节能环保的做法。

这就需要要建筑房屋前统一的综合的集成设计，才能有一个可持续的节约的环保绿色的建筑。

因此本文最好的标题是绿色建筑呼唤集成设计。

故D项符合题意。

【点评】主旨大意阅读理解题解题技巧：

抓住文章段落大意，概括中心思想

寻找整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在寻找具体段落中心的基础上的。

各段落中心句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。

在这个过程中，考生们不能只依据只言片语、一枝一节，或光看文章的某一些段落，而应该观察全文的结构安排；理解文章浓墨重笔写的“重心”；考虑文章的组织材料及支撑性细节是服务于什么的；分析故事的发展结局都是围绕什么内容来表达中心的；最后用简明扼要的文字将文章的中心思想表达出来。

3．阅读理解

   Iwasneververyneat,whilemyroommateKatewasextremelyorganized.Eachofherobjectshaditsplace,butminealwayshidsomewhere.Sheevenlabeled（贴标签）everything.Ialwayslookedforeverything.Overtime,KategotneaterandIgotmessier.Shewouldpushmydirtyclothingover,andIwouldlaymybooksonhertidydesk.Webothgottiredofeachother.

   Warbrokeoutoneevening.Katecameintotheroom.Soon,Iheardherscreaming,“Takeyourshoesaway!

Whyundermybed!

”Deafened,Isawmyshoesflyingatme.Ijumpedtomyfeetandstartedyelling.Sheyelledbacklouder.

   Theroomwasfilledwithanger.Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.Kateansweredit.Fromherendoftheconversation,Icouldtellrightawayhergrandmawasseriouslyill.Whenshehungup,shequicklycrawledunderhercovers,sobbing.Obviously,thatwassomethingsheshouldnotgothroughphone.Allofasudden,awarmfeelingofsympathyroseupinmyheart.

   Slowly,Icollectedthepencils,tookbackthebooks,mademybed,cleanedthesocksandsweptthefloor,evenonherside.IgotsointomyworkthatIevendidn'tnoticeKatehadsatup.Shewaswatching,hertearsdriedandherexpressiononeofdisbelief.Then,shereachedoutherhandstograspmine.Ilookedupintohereyes.Shesmiledatme,“Th