优秀教案定语从句.docx
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优秀教案定语从句
定语从句(复习课)
1、热点考点回顾
一、基本概念
(一)定语从句
在复合句中作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(二)先行词
被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
(三)关系代词和关系副词
定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切,因此紧跟先行词,并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有:
who,whom,which,that和whose,另外,as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有:
when,where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
(四)分类:
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1,限制性定语从句:
用来修饰和限制先行词,是复合句中不可缺少的组成部分。
若将它去掉,先行词的意思就不明确,主句也不完整。
Eg:
Iknowthegirlthatattenedtheparty.我知道参加聚会的那个女孩。
Imetsomeonewhosaidheknewyou.我遇到一个说认识你的人。
Hecamefromafamilywhichwasverypoor.他来自一个贫穷的家庭。
2,非限制性定语从句:
对先行词的附加说明,说若省去也不影响主句的意思,它和主句之间常用逗号隔开。
Eg:
Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.他的妈妈很爱他,对他很严格。
China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbecomingmoreandmorepowerful.成立于1949年的中国变得越来越强大。
二、关系代词的用法
(一)基本用法
根据先行词的不同,和在从句中所充当的成分不同,选用不同的关系代词。
关系词
先行词
从句成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语,宾语
Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?
whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking
Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar.
whose
人,物
定语
Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.
Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismyclassmate.
that
人,物
主语,宾语
Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.
Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.
which
物
主语,宾语
Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.
Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.
as
人,物
主语,宾语
Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.
ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间状语
IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
可用onwhich
where
地点
地点状语
ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
可用inwhich
why
原因
原因状语
Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
可用forwhich
例如:
(注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分)
①Doyouknowtheprofessorwho/thatwillgiveusaspeechnextweek?
(作主语)
②Ireadareportabouthisnewnovelthat/whichwillsoonbepublished.(作主语)
③Theplanthat/whichtheyarguedaboutwassettledatlast.(作宾语)
④Thisisthenewsecretary(who/whom/that)Iwouldliketointroducetoyou.(作宾语)
⑤Thesoldierwhoselegswerebadlywoundedwasoperatedonwithoutdelay.(作定语)
注意:
关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略,充当主语时则不能。
(见上例③④)
(二)关系代词that代替which的一些情况
which,that在代替物时,一般可以通用,但在有些情况下,只用that。
1先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
①Thisisthebestthathasbeenusedagainstpollution.
②Englishisthemostdifficultsubjectthatyouwilllearnduringtheseyears.
⑵先行词是序数词,或它前面有一个序数词时。
①Thisisthelastplace(that)Iwanttovisit.
②ItisthefirstAmericanmovieofthiskindthatI’veeverseen.
⑶先行词是all,much,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等代词时。
①Youshouldhandinallthatyouhave.
②Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.
⑷先行词前面有theonly,thevery,any,few,little,no,all,much,every等修饰时。
①Theonlythingthatwecandoistogiveyousomemoney.
②Thelittlemoney(that)hehadwasstolen.
(三)宜用who,而不用that的一些情况
⑴先行词是one,ones,anyone时。
①Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.
②Don’ttellanyoneaboutthenewswhooughtn’ttoknowit.
⑵先行词是those时。
①Thosewhowerenotfitfortheirworkcouldnotseethebeautifulclothesmadeofthemagiccloth.
(四)其它情况
⑴先行词既有人又有物时。
①Doyouknowthethingsandpersonsthattheyaretalkingabout?
②Thebikeanditsriderthathadrunoveranoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.
⑵主句已有疑问词who或which时。
①Whichisthebikethatyoulost?
②Whoisthewomanthatwaspraisedatthemeeting?
(五)与whose有关的问题
⑴whose是代词的所有格,它既可以代人也可以代物。
①Isawawomanwhosebagwasstolen.
②Pleaseshowmethebookwhosecoverisred.
⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时,亦可用ofwhich的形式。
①Thebuildingwhoseroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
→Thebuilding,theroofofwhichyoucanseefromhere,isanewrestaurant.或
→Thebuilding,ofwhichtheroofyoucanseefromhereisanewrestaurant.
三、介词前提的问题
关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时,介词可以前提至关系代词前。
Haveyouseenthepen(which)Iwrotethenotewithjustnow?
(which作介词with的宾语)
→HaveyouseenthepenwithwhichIwrotethenotejustnow?
但是,要注意的是:
⑴介词前提后,先行词是人或物,关系代词分别只能用whom和which,而不再用that或who。
⑵介词前提后,关系代词不再能省略。
⑶有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等。
1错误:
Whoistheoldmantothatyouweretalkingto?
正确:
Whoistheoldmantowhomyouweretalking?
或Whoistheoldman(that/whom)youweretalkingto?
2错误:
Thesearethesheepofwhichtheboytookcare.
正确:
Thesearethesheep(which/that)theboytookcareof.
四、关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句中的主谓一致
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。
1Whoistheguythatisreadingoverthere?
2Thenumberofpeoplethataregoingtotheexhibitionisexpectedtobeover25,000.
3Allthatneedstobedonehasbeendone.
4Heisoneofthestudentswhousecomputeralotforstudy.
5Timmyistheonlyoneofthepupilsthathasfailedtheexam.
例③中的all意为“一切”,作单数。
例⑤中没通过考试的学生事实上只有一人,因此谓语动词也用单数。
五、that与which,who,whom的用法区别:
情况
用法说明
例句
只用that的情况
1.先行词为all,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,等不定代词时。
2.先行词被all,any,every,each,much,little,no,some,few等修饰时
3.先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时
4.先行词既指人又指物时
5.先行词被theonly,thevery修饰时
6.句中已经有who或which时,为了避免重复时
1.Hetoldmeeverythingthatheknows.
2.Allthebooksthatyouofferedhavebeengivenout.
3.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverread.
4.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthingsthatweremembered.
5.HeistheonlymanthatIwanttosee.
6.Whoisthemanthatismakingaspeech?
只用which,who,whom的情况
1.在非限制性定语从句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人
2.在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。
3.先行词本身是that时,关系词用which,先行词为those,one,he时多用who。
1.Hehasason,whohasgoneabroadforfurtherstudy.
2.Ilikethepersontowhomtheteacheristalking.
3.Thosewhorespectothersareusuallyrespectedbyothers.
二、典型例题
1.Wewentthroughaperiod___communicationswereverydifficultinruralareas.(2008上海)
A.whichB.whoseC.inwhichD.withwhich
2.Humanfacialexpressionsdifferfromthoseofanimalsinthedegree_____theycanbecontrolledonpurpose.(2007重庆)
A.withwhichB.towhichC.ofwhichD.forwhich
3.AnimalssufferedatthehandsofMan______theyweredestroyedbypeopletomakewayforagriculturalhadtoprovidefoodformorepeople.(2008江西)
A.inwhichB.forwhichC.sothatD.inthat
4.Somechildrenwanttochallengethemselvesbylearningalanguagedifferentfrom______theirparentsspeakathome.(2008浙江)
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.one
5.Youcanonlybesureof_____youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.(2007安徽)
A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that
6.Women_____drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethanthose_____don’t.(2006北京)
A.who,/B./;whoC.who,whoD./;/
7.TheBeatles_____manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember
camefromLivepool.(2006)
A.whatB.thatC.howD.as
8.Inanhour,wecantraveltoplaces_____wouldhavetakenourancestorsdaystoreach.(2006上海)
A.whereB.whenC.whichD.what
9.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection________shehadcome.(2006重庆卷)
A.ofwhichB.bywhichC.inwhichD.fromwhich
10.Lookout!
Don’tgettooclosetothehouse______roofisunderrepair.(2006福建)
A.whoseB.whichC.ofwhichD.that
Key:
1-5CBDAB6-10CDCDA
三、课堂练习
1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
2.Doyouknowtheman_______?
A.whomIspokeB.towhospokeC.IspoketoD.thatIspoke
3.Thisisthehotel_______lastmonth.
A.whichtheystayedB.atthattheystayed
C.wheretheystayedatD.wheretheystayed
4.Doyouknowtheyear______theChineseCommunistPartywasfounded?
A.whichB.thatC.whenD.onwhich
5.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
6.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
7.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthefactory____weareworkingsincethen.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.there
8.Thisisoneofthebestfilms_______.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
9.Canyoulendmethebook______theotherday?
A.aboutwhichyoutalkedB.whichyoutalked
C.aboutthatyoutalkedD.thatyoutalked
10.Thepen______heiswritingismine.
A.withwhichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.bywhich
11.–Mom,whatdidyourdoctorsay?
-Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.(2006四川)
A.inwhereB.inwhichC.theplacewhereD.where
12.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.(2005江西)
A.inthatB.forthatC.inwhichD.forwhich
13.TheEnglishplay____mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.(2004全国)
A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich
14.GeorgeOrwell,____wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.(2004全国)
A.therealnameB.whathisrealname
C.hisrealnameD.whoserealname
15.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%________aresoldabroad.(2004辽宁)
A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat
Key:
1-5ACDCA6-10CAAAA11-15DDCDA
四、课后作业
1.IfIhadhadenoughtime,I___mywork.
A.wouldfinish B.musthavefinished C.wouldhavefinished D.hadfinished
2.Tenminutesearlier,they___theplane.
A.willcatch B.wouldcatch C.wouldhavecaught D.willhavecaught
3.MrGreenrequiresthatthestudents___acompositioneveryotherweek.
A.write B.written C.wou