英汉语言中关于狗的谚语研究设计.docx

英汉语言中关于狗的谚语研究设计.docx

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英汉语言中关于狗的谚语研究设计

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Acknowledgements

IamdeeplyindebtedtoJiangZhaozi,mysupervisor,whonotonlymeconstantandvaluableadviceduringmywritingofthisthesis,butalsothem.Withoutmelecturesandofthisthesis.Igivemytheprocessofwritingthisthesis.

Finally,Iwouldliketothankthosecriticsandwriterswhoseessaysandworksconcerningthesubjectofmythesis.

Abstract

Proverbisatraditionalproductofculturesindifferentcountries,whichcancreateunexpectedeffectincommunication.Withtherapiddevelopmentoflinguisticstudy,increasinglynumbersofscholarsbegintofocusonthespecialfieldsuchasanimalinordertogetbetterresearchonlanguage.Dog,oneofthemostfavoriteanimalsallovertheworldistheintimatepetorfriendofbeingsandproducesuniquecultureespeciallyonproverbs.Butproverbsaboutdogsfromdifferentcountriesusuallyconveyvariousinformationandconnotation.Therefore,thisthesisistryingtomakeacomparativestudyofEnglishandChineseproverbsaboutdogsincludingthedifferentmeaningsoftheproverbs,somesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwokindsofproverbsandthereasons.FrommystudyIfindthatthedifferenceisnotsomuch.Chineseproverbscontainingdogslaystressontheloyaltytothefriendship.TheauthorthinksthatChineseproverbscontainingdogslaystressontheloyaltytotheirtheconceptofequalityanddemocracy.

Keywords:

dogs;proverbs;comparativestudy

摘要

谚语是不同国家的一种传统文化产物，在交际中能够产生意想不到的效果。

随着语言学研究的迅速发展，大量学者开始放眼于特殊领域的研究，比如动物，以求可以更好的进行人类的调查研究。

狗作为全世界最受宠爱的动物，是人类亲密的宠物或者说是朋友，尤其在谚语方面产生了独特的文化。

但是来自不同国家的关于狗的谚语通常传达多样化的信息和内涵。

因此，这篇文章致力于比较研究英汉语言中关于狗的谚语，包括：

此类谚语的不同含义，异同以及产生异同的原因。

通过研究发现汉语与英语对狗的分歧并不是那么大，汉语中强调狗的忠诚而英语中更多强调的是友谊。

笔者认为汉语对狗忠实的强调反映了汉语长时间对人地位不平等，而英语一般强调平等，故视狗为朋友。

关键字：

狗;谚语;对比研究

TableofContents

Acknowledgementsi

Abstractii

摘要iii

TableofContentsiv

Introduction2

ChapterOneProverbsContainingDogsandPreviousStudiesonIt3

1.1TheRolesofDogandProverbsContainingDogs3

1.2PreviousStudiesonProverbsContainingDogs3

ChapterTwoMethodsandMaterials5

2.1Methods5

2.2Materials5

2.2.1ChineseProverbscontainingDogs5

2.2.2EnglishProverbscontainingDogs7

ChapterThreeMajorFindings11

3.1DataAnalysis11

3.2FactorsAffectingCulturalConnotationofAnimalWordsinEnglishandChineseProverbs12

ChapterFourConclusion14

References15

Introduction

Proverbisaculturallysignificantpithysayingwithamoralorpracticalmessage.Simpleandbriefproverbscanachieveprofoundinsignificanceandproducevariouscultures,mostproverbsareconnectedtoanimals.Andwecanfindthedifferentattitudestowardanimalsfromtheproverbsoftheirculture.Amongalltheanimals,dogsapparentlyplayanimportantroleinourdailylifesinceancienttime.Therefore,duringthedevelopmentofcultureagreatmanyproverbscontainingdogsareproduced.Incommonviews,dogsaretreatedasthesymbolofloyalty,inferiorityandsnobbery,whichinfactarerelatedtodogs’character.Andinmostcases,peopletendtocriticizepeoplebythedescriptionofdogs.Itisseeminglytotalkaboutdogs,buttherealpurposeistoexpressprincipleswiththeaidsofrhetoricdeviceslikemetaphor,ironyoreuphemism.IaminterestedintheproverbscontainingdogsandIwanttousethisaspectasanentrypointtounderstandthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenAmericanandChineseculturebetter.Moreimportantly,throughthecomparativestudyontheseproverbs,wecanobservevarioussocialphenomena.

However,proverbsfromdifferentcountriesusuallyconveyspecialanddifferentmessagesandconnotation.Forexample,inChinese,theproverbsaboutdogmostlyexpressderogatorysensewhileinEnglish,theproverbsshowcommendatorysense,whichisresultedfromdifferentcultureaboutdogsandtheattitudetowardsdogs.InChina,dogsareconsideredtobethewatchdogs,whichevidentlywilldecidethetragicfateandimageofdogsinourminds.Onthecontrary,inthewesterncountries,dogsarealwaysregardedaslovelyandintimatepetorcompanionespeciallyfortheelders.Sometimes,dogscanevenbetreatedasthefamilymembers,whichundoubtedlymakethewesterndogsownatotallydifferentlifeandstatus.Byfocusingon"culturallyloaded"aspectsofthewordsorphraseswhichpeoplefromanothercountryuserequireourspecialattention,whichwouldinterculturalcommunication.

Thearticlewilldiscusstheproverbsaboutdogsmainlyfromfouraspects.Chapteroneistogiveabriefintroductiontotherolesofdogandthevariousproverbscontainingdogsandpreviousstudiesonproverbscontainingdogs.ChaptertwoistoshowthemethodsandmaterialsofcomparativestudyofEnglishandChinese

proverbscontainingdogs.Chapterthreeistoshowthemajorfindings.ThroughthedetailedanalysisofChineseandEnglishforexamples,wecangetagoodunderstandingoftheexpressiveeffectoftheproverbscontainingdogsandthedifferencesandsimilaritiesbetweenthetwolanguage’sproverbs.AndwewillknowthattherewasabitofmisconceptionaboutthecommonconceptChineseandEnglishproverbscontainingdogs.Afteranalyzedthedatareflectedfromtwotablesandcharts.Itrytoexplorethereasonsthatcausethedifferenceandsimilaritiesincludingtheinfluenceoftheculturedifference,fromwhichwecanthoroughlycomprehendtheproverbscontainingdogs.Chapterfouristheconclusionofthisthesis.

ChapterOneProverbsContainingDogsandPreviousStudiesonIt

1.1TheRolesofDogandProverbsContainingDogs

Theroleofdogswithdifferentperiods.Intheirearlyroles,wolves,theirdogdescendants,wouldcamps—moresafety,morereliablefood,lessercaloricneeds,andmorechancetobreed.Humanswouldalsobycleaningupfoodscraps.Therelationshipbetweenthepresenceofadogandsuccessintheofthewolf."Themostwidespreadformofinterspeciesbondingoccursbetweensomanyroles.Peopleoftenentertheirdogsincompetitionssuchasbreed-conformationshowsorsports,includingracing,sleddingandagilitycompetitions.Thescientificevidenceismixedastowhethercompanionshipofadogcanenhancephysicaldogandcatsoranyotheranimals.Haveyouevernoticethatwhenyoublowinadog'sfacethecar.Catsaresmarterthandogs.Youcan'tgeteightcatstopullasledthroughsnow.DogscomeoutinbothChineseandEnglishproverbs.

1.2PreviousStudiesonProverbsContainingDogs

InthegraduationthesisofAComparativeStudyofEnglishandChineseProverbsContainingAnimalandPlantWordswrittenbyFengXiaohui.Thereasonwhydifferentpeoplescancreatedifferentmetaphoricalproverbsaboutthesameideadetail.HemadeacomparativestudyontheRhetoricLevelandontheculturalLevel.Hetriedtofindconnectionsbetweenlanguageandculture.Andproverbscontaininganimalsincludingdogs.

Documentanalysisismainlyusedonthebasisofthepreviousstudies,differentChineseandEnglishproverbscontainingdogsandtheachievementsbyotherscholars.Documentanalysismethodisusedtosettheresearchcontentortheresearchobject.

ItisclearthattheresearchdealswiththecontrastiveanalysisofproverbscontainingdogsbetweenChineseandEnglish.Manyothermethodsarealsousedwiththecomparativemethod,suchasthestatisticalmethod,categorization,andexemplification.Intheprocessofcollectingtherelevantproverbsthemethodsareused.FromtwochatandtableswecanseebothinChineseandEnglishthenegativeaccountforthemostpartabout45percent.InChineseproverbscontainingdogs,positiveonlyaccountfor4percent.ButinEnglishitsaccountfor15percent.

Inthepartofdataanalysisappearedinthenextchapter,methodsofcategorizationandexemplificationareadopted.Iclassifiedthesedatatothreeparts:

positive,neutral,negative.

2.2Materials

2.2.1ChineseProverbsContainingDogs

InChinadogsareoftenusedtowatchoveritsmaster'sChineseisnegativetheytrytoexpressthebadqualityofdogs.TherearealsomanyproverbscontainingdogstrytoexpresstheloyaltytotheirdoginChineseisnegative.From“虎父无犬子”、“牛眼看人高，狗眼看人低”、“狗仗人势，学长风势”orotherproverbswecanseethatsometimesdogisusedtoexpressbadimage.HowevermanyproverbsondogisusedtoexpresstheneutralChineseproverbssometimesbeusedtocontrasttobeingsintheproverbs“狗咬人，有药医。

人咬人，没药医。

”.

2.2.2EnglishProverbsContainingDogs

DogisconsideredasthebestfriendofinmostEnglish-speakingcountries.ManyproverbscontainingdogsinEnglishispositive.Fromtheexamplesof“Loveme,lovemydog”;Ifthe“olddogbarks,seethatdogcomesoutasapositiveimageinmanyEnglishproverbs.TheworddoginEnglishgenerallyconveyscomplimentaryorneutralmeaninginEnglishcultureasthephrase"treatsomeonelikeadog"（虐待某人）.Theyalsousetheimageofdoginproverbstoexpressthefeelingofbeinglike“Dogswagtheirtailsnotsomuchinlovetoyouasyourbread.”,“Olddogswilllearnnonewtricks”andsoon.

Positive：

1.E:

Every dog ,themoreIlovedog

C：

我愈观察人，我愈爱慕狗。

2.E：

Iftheolddogbarks,thetailofalion.

C:

宁为鸡头不当凤尾。

6.E：

Helpthedogoverthestile.

C：

助人度过难关。

7.E：

Heisaluckydog.

C：

他是个幸运儿。

Neutral:

8.E:

Barkingdogsseldombite.

C:

咬人的狗不露齿。

9.E：

Dogscannotchangeeatingexcrement.

C：

狗改不了吃屎。

10.E：

While the dog gnaws bone,companions would be none. 

C：

狗啃骨头无需伴。

11.E：

Dogsthatbarkatadistancebitenotateverycountrydogsbite.

C：

是狗就会叫。

12.E:

Anolddogcannotalteritswayofbarking.

　C:

老狗难改常吠声。

13.E：

Anolddogbitessore.

C：

老狗咬得很。

14.E：

likeadogwithtwotails

C：

高兴得跟什么似的

16.E：

Olddogswilllearnnonewtricks.

C：

老年人很难学会新事物。

Negative:

17.E:

When