21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册课后习题参考答案.docx
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21世纪大学英语读写教程第四册课后习题参考答案
21世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）课后习题参考答案
21世纪大学英语读写教程（第四册）课后习题参考答案
UNIT1
TEXTA
II
1.Hedefinesgreatnessasthelastingcontributionwhichapersonmakesorhasmadetohumancivilization.
2.TheexampleofChurchillshowstheimportanceofpersistenceanddedicationinachievinggreatness.
3.Firstbornsandonlychildrentendtomakegoodleadersintimesofcrisis,butmiddle-bornchildrenarebetterpeacetimeleaders.
4.A20thcenturypoliticianshouldbeaneffectivepublicspeakerandasocialperson.
5.Intelligenceseemstobelessimportantthanotherfactors,suchastheabilitytocommunicateeffectively.
6.Theabilitytoovercometraditionalwaysofthinkingisalsocrucial.
7.Theysimplydon’tdevotetheamountoftimerequired.
8.Thestudyshowedthatenjoyingone’sworkisthebestformofmotivation.
IV
1.chat2.acknowledge3.motivated4.charcteristic
5.despite6.influential7.cited8.obstacle
9.intrinsic10.criteria11.obsession12.innate
13.contribution（s）14.contemporary15.submitted16.morale
V
1.leftbehind2.rise3.madehistory4.wereendowedwith
5.putupwith6.goingnowhere7.ifocuseson8.bebuilton
9.putineupwith11.takecharge12.set...apart
VI
efficiencyemergencyfluencyfrequency
proficiencytendencyurgencysufficiency
1.fluency2.proficiency3.emergency4.Efficiency
5.tendency6.frequency
VII
1.Forsomestudents,it'snotthattheydon'tputinenoughtime—it'sthattheydon'thavegoodstudyhabits.
2.Childrenperformdifferentlyatschool.It'snotthattheyhavedifferentIQs—it'sthattheyarebroughtupindifferentenvironments.
3.Thecompanyisnotveryproductive.It'snotthatitsstaffaren'ttalented—it'sthattheirenergyhasn'tbeenchanneledeffectively.
4.I'mreallysorry.It'snotthatIdon'twanttogotothecinemawithyou—it'sthatIhavetofinishmypapertonight.
5.Youhaveastomachache.It'snotthatthefoodwasbad—it'sprobablythatyouhavetoomuchstressfromyourwork.
VIII
1.PresidentWilsondidn'ttrytobringtheUSbacktoeconomicandpoliticalisolation.Instead,hebelievedininternationalcooperationthroughanassociationofnations.2.Computersdon'tteachstudentsingroups.Instead,theycanhelpthemlearneffectivelyaccordingtotheirdifferentneeds.
3.Weshouldn'tfocusonminorpoints.Instead,weshouldtrytosolvetheproblemofthegreatesturgencyatpresent.
4.Hedosen'tgetanybodyelsetohelphim.Instead,helikestoattendtoeverythinghimself.
5.Teachingsuccessshouldn'tbemeasuredbythescoresthestudentsreceiveontests.Instead,itshouldbemeasuredbywhetherthestudentshaveinternalizedtheabilityanddesiretolearn.
IX
BCBADDCABADABCA
X
西蒙顿说，如果事业上取得巨大成就者具有什么共性的话，那就是一种持续不断地追求成功的动力。
“人们往往认为他们天生具有一些超常非凡的东西，”他解释道。
“但研究结果表明，有的伟人并没有惊人的智力。
有的只是程度上的差异而已。
伟大是建立在大量的学习、实践和献身精神的基础之上的。
”他举出二战时期的英国首相温斯顿?
丘吉尔作为一个永不放弃的冒险者的典范。
丘吉尔在全国上下士气最为低落的时候被推上台，并出色地领导了英国人民。
在1940年盟军敦刻尔克大撤退之后的一次演讲中，他的话激励了全国人民，“我们绝不会衰退、失败。
我们将坚持到底……我们永远不会屈服。
”
XI
1.Americanstendtodefinepeoplebythejobstheyhave/do.Suchcharacteristicsastheirfamilyandeducationalbackgroundsareconsideredlessimportant.
2.Hisuncompromisingpersonalityexplainswhyhecouldnolongerputupwithhisemployerandeventuallysubmittedhisresignation.
3.IfyoureallywanttolearnEnglishwell,youmustputinalotoftimeandenergy,oryou'llgonowhere.Thesamecanbesaidofothersubjects.
4.Someactorsfameisbuiltontheirinnatebeauty,butdespitehisshortstature,DustinHoffmanroseaboveanditishisexcellentactingthatsethimapart.
5.Afterhetookcharge,wediscoveredthattherewerestrikingdifferencesbetweenhimandhispredecessor.Hehadthedriveandpassion,cameupwithmanynewideas,andfocusedhisworkonhowtoraiseourmorale.
6.DengXiaopingmadehistorywhenhedeclaredChina'sreformandopening-uppolicy.Despitetremendousobstacles,hemadelastingcontributionstoourcountry'smodernizationwithhisunrelentingefforts.
7.WhycouldsomeonewithageniusIQbeleftbehindbyahardworkingpersonwithanaverageIQ?
Ithastobeacknowledgedthatbesidesone'sIQ,manyotherfactorshavemuchtodowithone'sachievements.
8.Thisteacherisreallyremarkableinfirstmotivatingherstudentssoshecanreallyteachthemsomething.It'snotthatsheistalented,it'sthatshefocusescompletelyordrawingtheirfullattentioninclass.
UNIT2
TEXTA
II
1.Hegotnothanksforreturningawallet,thoughhedeservedto.
2.Hewantstoshowhowmuchpeopleneedgratitudetokeepupaspiritofkindnessandcooperation.
3.Shesavedupfortwoyears,wenttoNormandyinperson,andgaveherson'sgoldwristwatchtothewoman.
4.Hesendashortrecordingexpressinghisappreciationoftheauthor'sthoughtfulnessandsentittotheauthor.
5.Apatientwhoselifewassavedbyabloodtransfusioncamebackagainandagaintodonatehisbloodanonymouslysothatmorepatientscouldbesaved.
6.HedoesitbycitingW.H.Hudson'sgratitudeforhiswife'sday-to-dayheroism.
7.Thosepeoplewhodolittlethingsforusallyearround.
8.Itcanmakepeopletakeinfinitepainswiththeirwork.
9.Gratitudeisneededallthetimeandnoneofuscangivetoomuchofit.
III
1.intention2.sincere3.glaring4.sore
5.trace6.render4.denial5.proof
9.tribute7.conventional11.generous12.gratitude
13.slammed14.agreeable
IV
1.caught/tookmyfancy2.amistakeonJohn'spart
3.takeforgranted4.thinktwice
5.savedup6.referredto
7.boastabout8.tookpainswith
9.refrainfrom10.somethingof
11.inonewayoranother12.fedup
V
1.altitude2.aptitude3.attitude4.longitude
5.fortitude6.mulitiude7.latitude8.solitude
VI
1.coordination2.coexist3.co-workers4.co-owners
5.co-authored6.Cooperation7.Coeducation8.copilot
VII
1.nosacrificefortheeducationoftheyoungwastoogreat
2.Nopriceistoohightopayinordertosavetheirlives
3.cannotbetoocarefulinperforminganexperiment
4.Theycannotpraisehimtoomuch
5.cannotbeoveremphasized
6.cannotbeoverestimated
VIII
BACDDBABCDBADCA
IX
一些人不愿表达感激之情，因为他们觉得这不会受欢迎。
我的一个病人在出院几个星期后回到医院感谢他的护士。
“我没有更早地回来，”他解释说，“是因为我猜想你们对于人们的感激一定厌烦得要命。
”“正好相反，”她回答说，“我很高兴你来。
很少有人意识到我们多么需要鼓励，我们从那些鼓励我们的人身上获得了多大的帮助。
”我们所给予的感激永远不会过多。
因为我们身边的人在构筑他们的人生哲学时所依据的正是这些微笑、我们所表示的感谢和我们表示欣赏的各种小小的示意动作。
X
1.HeglaredatJohnandwasannoyedbyhisrefusaltocooperate.
2.John'ssincerespeechshowshisgratitudetothepeoplewhorenderedhimgeneroushelpwhenhewasindifficulty.
3.Heissomethingofastampcollector.Thefactthatoncehesavedupfortwoyearstobuyararestampisproofofit.
4.Thebeautyoftheserosescouldnotbeoverstated.Theytook/caughtallthevisitorsfancyinonewayoranother.
5.Atfirsthetookitforgrantedthattheyshouldbuildmorehighwaysinthisarea.Thenacarefulcalculationoftheexpenditurecompelledhimtothinktwicebeforehemadethefinaldecision.
6.Eachtimehereceivesagiftfromme,nomatterhowsmall,myfriendBillneverfailstoacknowledgeit.
7.Thejournalisthasdecidedtotracetheyoungmanreferredtointheoldcouple'sletter,whichisatributetotheyoungman'seffortatimprovingtheirlivingconditions.
8.Thoughhewasfedupwiththesalesmenwhoknockedathisdoorandboastedabouttheirproductseveryday,herefrainedfromslammingthedoorintheirface.
UNIT3
TEXTA
II
1.Hechangedhisperspectiveandobservedpeoplewhodidnothavesmallpox.
2.Hewantstogiveagoodexampleoflateralthinking.
3.Hecomparesthehumanbraintoacomputerandthechangeofone'spointofviewtothereprogrammingofthecomputer.
4.Itistofightit.
5.Hecallsitverticalthinking.
6.Heusedthetechniqueoflateralthinking.
7.Thekeyistomakeashiftinemphasisinsteadoffightingtheproblemhead-on.
8.Theyshouldchangetheirpointofviewandregardthemselvesastheirbody'skeeper.
9.Veryoftenlateralthinkingyieldsmuchbetterresultsthanverticalthinking.
10.Itisapproachingthetargetfromasidewayspointofviewinsteadofapproachingitdirectly.
III
1.tactic2.utmost3.structure4.slack5.significance
6.head-on7.deadend8.erased9.framework10.vertical;vertical
11.ceased12.flaw13.implies14.affirmed
IV
1.woundupbeing3.takein5.takeover
2.pullingon4.ineffect6.endedupteaching
V
1.approach2.fought3.cure4.pressured
5.focus6.approach7.program8.experienced
9.switch10.escape11.fail12.escaped
VI
assistantaccountantservantdependantattendant
contestantdefendantconsultantinhabitantoccupant
1.attendant2.servant3.consultans4.contestant5.accountant
6.occupants7.assistant8.inhabitants9.dependants10.defendant
VII
1.ofuse
2.ofgreatimportance
3.ofgreat/critical/extremesignificance
4.oflittlevalue
5.ofmarkedbenefit
6.ofinvaluablehelp
VIII
1.shouldhavetoldmeatonce2.
2.shouldhavetoldmebeforehand3.
3.shouldhaveleftthecompanylongago
4.nevershouldhavehappened
5.shouldhaveleftthirtyminutesago
6.shouldhavephoned
IX
CDBDABBDBBCABDC
X
一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。
“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。
不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。
德·博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。
当然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会坍塌。
事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。
横向思维，德·博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。
XI
1.Tomwashungupontheproblembutcoulddonothingaboutituntilhelearnttosolveitwithdifferenttactics.
2.Lateralthinkinghashelpedhimtoadvancehisnewtheorywhi
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