高考英语二轮复习课堂专练专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ 细节理解题1.docx

高考英语二轮复习课堂专练专题04 阅读理解Ⅱ 细节理解题1.docx

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高考英语二轮复习课堂专练专题04阅读理解Ⅱ细节理解题1

专题4阅读理解Ⅱ：

细节理解题

班级姓名学号分数

（测试时间：

45分钟）

1.【湖北八校2018届高三上学期第一次联考】C

Citiesarelikelytobeaffectedbyoverheating,thankstosomethingcalledtheurbanheatislandeffect.Citiestendtobeshortoftrees,whichprovideshade,andtheyarecoveredwithblackpavement,whichabsorbsheatfromthesun.Thinkofhowitfeelstowearadarkshirtversusawhiteshirtonasunnyday.Ablackshirtabsorbslight,heatingyouup.Butawhiteshirtreflectslight,keepingyoucool.

Theaveragetemperatureinacityofamillionormorepeoplecanbemorethan5degreesFhotterthansurroundingareas.Thatextra5degreescanturnahotdayfromuncomfortabletodeadly.Astemperaturesrise,citieswillbeanespeciallydangerousplacetobeduringaheatwave.Toprotectpublichealth,cityofficialsaregoingtomakethecitycooler.

Aspartofthateffort,LosAngelesiscoatingitsroadsinCoolSeal,agraypaintthatkeepsstreetsandparkinglots10degreescoolerthanblackasphalt（沥青）.ItwillhelpAngelinossavemoneyduringthesummer,whenairconditioningsendspowerbillssoaring.Anditwillsavelivesbyloweringtemperaturesandimprovingairquality.Hotweatherworsensairpollutionbyturningcarexhaustintosmog,whichcanmakelifemiserableforpeoplewithasthma（哮喘）andotherbreathingproblems.

Ofcourse,LAwillhavetodomorethanpaintoverafewstreetstocooloffthecity.Angelinoswillalsoneedtoplantmoretreesandapplywhitepainttorooftops — atleastthosenotalreadycoveredinsolarpanels.WhileLAisapioneerofreflectivestreets,othercities,likeNewYork,arealreadyexperimentingwithreflectiveroofsor,likeMelbourne,loweringthetemperaturebyplantingtrees.LAishardlyaloneinitsefforttostaycool.

“Thisisanurgentchallenge,andit’smuchbiggerthanoneperson,”saidMayorGarcettiinarecentstatement.“ClimatechangeisafactoflifethatpeopleinLosAngelesandcitiesaroundtheworldlivewitheveryday.”

8.Whichofthefollowingcontributestotheurbanheatislandeffect?

A.Plantingmoretreesinthestreets.

B.Coveringthestreetswithwhitepaint.

C.Applyingreflectivepainttorooftops.

D.Furnishingeveryhousewithairconditioners.

9.Whatshouldthecityofficialsemphasizeduringhotsummer?

A.Howtomakethecitycooler.

B.Wheretowearawhiteshirt.

C.Whytocoattheroadswithblackpaint.

D.Whentocutofftheelectricitysupply.

10.WhatbenefitcanpeoplegainfromtheuseofCoolSeal?

A.Increasingtheindooractivities.

B.Promotingthesaleofairconditioners.

C.Makinglifeeasierandmorecomfortable.

D.Reducingthenumberofcolddays.

【答案】8.D9.A10.C

9.A【名题点睛】细节理解题一一对应型。

答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。

文章细节的理解可以细化为：

（1）一一对应型。

答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。

（2）语言转述型。

这是一类间接事实细节题，答案与题目在意义上运用了词义之间的转述关系，即正确选项是原文有关词语和句子的另一种表达。

（3）语意理解型。

这是一类深层事实细节理解题，答案与题目之间存在着一定的逻辑联系，这种联系需要建立在事实的基础上通过上、下文来进行判断、分析、归纳和整合，才能得出正确答案。

（4）是非辨别型。

（5）事实排序型。

【解题剖析】此题属于细节理解中的一一对应型。

答案与题目在表达形式和意义上直接吻合，一一对应，一目了然。

【答案定位】由文章第二段最后一句“Toprotectpublichealth,cityofficialsaregoingtomakethecitycooler.”可知，在炎热的夏季城市管理者应该强调如何去使城市凉爽，从而保护公众的健康。

【推理关系】题干Whatshouldthecityofficialsemphasizeduringhotsummer?

☞文章内容Toprotectpublichealth,cityofficialsaregoingtomakethecitycooler.

【答案】toprotectpublichealth,…☞A选项.Howtomakethecitycooler.

10.C细节理解题。

由文章倒数第三段“…LosAngelesiscoatingitsroadsinCoolSeal,agraypaintthatkeepsstreetsandparkinglots10degreescoolerthanblackasphalt（沥青）.ItwillhelpAngelinossavemoneyduringthesummer,whenairconditioningsendspowerbillssoaring.Anditwillsavelivesbyloweringtemperaturesandimprovingairquality.”分析CoolSeal的介绍可知。

相比沥青，使用这种白漆可使街道和停车场气温下降10度，既能降低人们的生活开支，帮助省钱，又能减少污染，提高人们的生活质量。

故选C。

2.【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】D

Newmercury（汞）threattooceansfromclimatechange

Risingtemperaturescouldboostmercurylevelsinfishbyuptoseventimesthecurrentrates,saidSwedishresearchersinanarticlepublishedinScienceJournal.They’vediscoveredwarmingincreaseslevelsofthetoxin（毒素）inseacreatures.Inexperiments,theyfoundthatextrarainfalldrivesuptheamountoforganicmaterialflowingintotheseas.Thisaltersthefoodchain,addinganotherlayerofcomplexorganismswhichbooststheconcentrationsofmercuryuptheline.

Mercuryisoneoftheworld’smosttoxicmetals,andaccordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization,isoneofthetoptenthreatstopublichealth.Thesubstanceathighlevelshasbeenlinkedtodamagetothenervoussystem,paralysisandmentalimpairmentinchildren.

Themostcommonformofexposuretomercuryisbyeatingfishcontainingmethylmercury（甲基水银）,anorganicformofthechemicalwhichformswhenbacteriareactwithmercuryinwater,soilorplants.Levelsofmercuryintheworld’secosystemshaveincreasedbybetween200%and500%,sincetheindustrialrevolution,sayexperts,drivenupbytheuseoffossilfuelssuchascoal.

Inrecentyearstherehavebeenconcentratedeffortstolimittheamountofmercuryenteringtheenvironment,withaninternationaltreaty,calledtheMinamataConvention,signedby136countriesinplacesince2013.

ResearchershopethattheMinamatatreatywillbesuccessfulandcountriesreducetheamountofmercurythatisbeingproduced.Otherwisethisdiscoveryofapreviouslyunknownsourcecouldhaveimpactsforhumanhealth.

Otherresearchersinthefieldsaythatthenewstudyhighlightsimportantissuesthathavepreviouslybeenlittleknown.

“Thisworkexperimentallyprovesthatclimatechangewillhaveasignificanteffectofmethylmercurybudgetsincoastalwatersanditsaccumulationinfish,”saidMilenaHorvatfromtheJozefStefanInstituteinSlovenia.

“Thisworkwillalsohelpusunderstandtheformationofmercuryinfishandhelpreducemercuryfromemissionsources（primarilyindustrial）.”

12.WheredidSwedishresearchersfindwarmingincreaseslevelsofthetoxin?

A.InthePacificOcean.B.OntheContinent.

C.InRedSea.D.Inseacreatures.

13.Whatcancausedamagetothenervoussystem?

A.Exposuretomercury.B.Mercuryathighlevels.

C.Methylmercury.D.Theuseoffossilfuels.

14.Howdoesmethylmercuryform?

A.Bylimitingtheamountofmercuryenteringtheenvironment.

B.Byreducingtheamountofmercury.

C.Whenbacteriareactwithmercuryinwater,soilorplants.

D.Whenclimatechangereturnstonormal.

15.WhatcanweknowfromMilenaHorvat’swords?

A.Climatechangewillincreasethelevelsofmercuryinfood.

B.Levelsofmercuryintheworld’secosystemshaveincreasedbybetween200%and500%.

C.TheMinamataConventionhasbeensignedby136countriesinplacesince2013.

D.Mercuryreductionfromemissionsourcescanbebeneficialtofish.

【答案】12.D13.B14.C15.D

14.细节理解题。

根据Themostcommonformofexposuretomercuryisbyeatingfishcontainingmethylmercury（甲基水银）,anorganicformofthechemicalwhichformswhenbacteriareactwithmercuryinwater,soilorplants.可知细菌同水、土壤或是植物中的汞反应，形成了甲基水银，所以选C。

15.细节理解题。

根据“Thisworkexperimentallyprovesthatclimatechangewillhaveasignificanteffectofmethylmercurybudgetsincoastalwatersanditsaccumulationinfish,”saidMilenaHorvatfromtheJozefStefanInstituteinSlovenia.可知排放源中汞含量的减少对鱼类有益处，所以选D。

3.【重庆市南开中学2017届高三上学期期中】C

Areyouafraidofsharks?

Whataboutsnakesorspiders?

Putthosefearsaside：

becauseintheU.S.you’refarmorelikelytobekilledorinjuredbyadeerskippingacrosstheroad．

Deercausemorethan200humansdeathseachyear,plussome29,000injuries，allbecauseofl.2millioncollisionsbetweenvehiclesanddeer．MostincidentsoccurintheeasternU.S.,wheredeerprosperwithoutnaturalpredatorslikewolvesandmountainlions．

‘‘That’stheregionintheU.S.wheredeer-vehiclecollisionsaresuchaproblem，andwhereitseemslikeaneffectivelargecarnivorereintroductioncouldmakeareallybigdifference．’’sayswildlifebiologistLauraPrughfromUniversityofWashington．Shethinksitwouldhelptoreintroducepredatorslikemountainlions，alsoknownascougars，pumasorpanthers，topartsoftheirhistoricrangefromwhichthey’vebeendrivenout．

TheresearcherssaythatbringingthepredatorsbacktotheeasternU.S.wouldmean22percentfewercollisionsbetweencarsanddeeroverthreedecades．Eachyearwouldseefivefewerhumandeaths，680fewerinjuriesandasavingsofsome$50million．SophieL.Gilbertthinkstherearegreatsocioeconomicbenefitsoflargepredatorrestorationthroughreducedwildlife-vehiclecollisionsandshesays，“Cougarshaveshownthattheycancoexistinshortdistancewithpeople，withveryfewconflicts，inalotofareasoutwest．”

Still，somefolksmightbeunderstandablynervousaboutthiskindofplan．Afterall,reintroducingpredatorsdoesn’tcomewithoutriskstopetsandtolivestock，andveryoccasionallytopeople．

“OurfearoflargepredatorsissonaturalandintensethatIdon’tthinkit’spossibletojustcompletelyclearitwithstatistics…whatIhopeisthatknowingthatthereactuallycanbesomemeasurablebenefitsmightmakepeoplealittlemoresupportiveandmaybebalancethatfearalittlebit．”saysLaura．

Indeed，thestatisticsshowthatcougarswouldpreventfivetimesasmanyhumandeathsfromdeer-relatedaccidentsastheywouldcausebyattacks．Butit’llbeatoughsell：

thepresswillcovercougarattacks，butastatisticallypreventeddeathdoesnotmakethenews．Nevertheless，“Ifpeopleinthewestcanputupwithhavingmountainlionsaround．IwouldhopethatNewYorkerswouldbeupforthechallengeaswell．”

9.Whydopeoplewanttobringbackmountainlions?

A.Tominimizetheaccidentscausedbydeer．

B.Tomaintainbiodiversityandecologicalbalance．

C.Totakeupthechallengefrompeoplein