研究生英语下册练习答案.docx

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研究生英语下册练习答案.docx

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研究生英语下册练习答案.docx

研究生英语下册练习答案

Unit1ShortStories

TextA

TheFarandtheNear

KeytoExercises

II.Vocabulary

1.wasstunnedby2.deliberately3.bellowed4.paralyze

5.surgeup　　6.perplexity7.timorous8.sullen

1.ploddedon2.Disquiet3.meager4.stallup5.rumble

6.shrill7.ghastly8.mishap9.sallow10.outskirts

III.Grammar&Structure

By1920,forthefirsttimeinU.S.history,themajorityofthecountry’s105millioncitizenslivedinurbancenter.There,theeffectsofaneweconomicandsocialstructure,monopolycapitalism,andofnewtechnologiesofleisureandentertainment,likeradio,themovies,andsoundrecording,wasbeingfeltwithanunstablemixtureofenthusiasmandtrepidation.IftheAmericanmetropolisbrought“theshockofthenew”tobearonindividualswithunprecedentpower,italsoservedforasitefortheeruptionofanxietiesaboutthesocial,psychic,andspiritualeffectsofmodernityandmodernization.Throughouttheeraofmodernism,thecitysymbolizedthechallengesofconfrontnotonlythenewbutalsotheculturalother.Between1880and1920approximately28,000,000immigrants----mainlyofsouthernandeasternEuropeanorigin,andthusoftheso-called“darkerraces”----enteringtheU.S.,thevastmajoritysettlinginNewYorkCity,whereby1920onlyoneofsixinhabitantwaswhite,U.S.-born,andProtestant.TheimmigrantswerejoinedbymillionsofAfrican-Americansfromtheruralsouthtoindustrialnorthandmid-westerncenters,soughteconomicandsocialopportunitiesonthenewstatusoftheU.S.asworldindustrialleader.

ThesekindsofculturaldislocationproducedmuchofwhatwenowcountasAmericancultureofthefirstdecadesofthe20thcentury,includingTinPanAlley,ragtime,jazz,andearlyHollywood,andtheycontributedimmeasurablyofvariedstylesofavant-garde,bohemian,andhighliteraryperformance.

1._centers__

2.__were___

3.unprecedented

4.___as__

5._confronting_

6._entered__

7.inhabitants_

8._northern_

9.__seeking_

10.___to___

1.C2.B3.D4.A5.A

6.C7.D8.B9.C10.D

IV.Translation

Therewasalittletidycottageofwhiteboards,trimmedvividlywithgreenblinds.Toonesideofthehousetherewasagardenneatlypatternedwithplotsofgrowingvegetables,andanarborforthegrapeswhichripenedlateinAugust.Beforethehousetherewerethreemightyoakswhichsheltereditintheircleanandmassiveshadeinsummer,andtotheothersidetherewasaborderofgayflowers.

Itwasontheoutskirtsofalittletownthattheexpresstrainpassedeverydayformorethantwentyyears.Theairoftidiness,thriftandmodestcomfortaroundthelittlecottageandthewavingofitsownershadbecomefixedinthemindoftheengineer,bringinghimthemostextraordinaryhappinessandgreatcourage.

Afterretirement,hecouldn’twaittogetoffthetrainandgovisitingtheownersofthelittlecottage,whoseliveshadbeenwroughtintohisown.Butthesceneofhistripwassounfamiliarthathehadasenseofbewildermentandregret.Theindifferenceandmistrustoftheownershaddrownedthewarmpictureinhisheart.

TextB

Luck

KeytoExercises

Comprehension&Appreciation

1.D2.C3.A4.B5.C6.D

1.我望着这个神一样的人物，看呀,看呀,看呀,对我来说这就像享用美酒佳肴一样。

我审视着，打量着，留意着，只见他脸色平静，神态拘谨，高贵庄重，浑身上下都透出一种朴质的诚恳；他并没留意到他自己的伟大——没有留意盯住他的那几百双羡慕的眼睛，没有留意在座人士胸中迸发出来并向他奔流过去的那种深深的、忠实的、真诚的景仰。

2.很明显，他的样子不错，长得好看，很可爱，又正直。

因此，看到他像一尊雕像一样静静地站在那里，回答问题时表现得确实令人惊异地愚昧无知，我心里感到极度难受。

3.请相信我，考试的那天他成功地通过了！

就凭那些完全一知半解的、考前临时死记硬背的回答题，他通过了，而且还受到了表扬，而其他的人，虽然知道的东西比他多一千倍，却考不及格。

4.我的良心日夜都在拷打我。

我所做的这一切纯粹是出于慈爱，仅仅为了减轻这个可怜的青年考试失败的痛苦。

我做梦也没有想到会产生像现在这样的极为荒谬的结果。

我感受到了像弗兰肯斯泰因那样的过错和痛苦。

5.每一天，每一年都有一种最为非凡的、令人惊奇的幸运跟随着他。

在大约30年时间里的历次战争中，他都是个杰出的战士。

他以大量的纰漏将他的军事生涯弄得乌七八糟，可是没有一次纰漏曾妨碍他成为一个爵士，或是准男爵，或是勋爵，或是什么的。

Unit2Economy

TextA

ConsumerSocializationofFamilyMembers

KeytoExercises

II.Vocabulary

1.norm2.occupational3.target4.ongoing

5.adjustment6.disposeof7.transfer8.initiate

1.disposal2.modified3.reinforce4.sole5.initiate

6.adjustable7.assumed8.transferable9.illustration10.rangefrom

III.Grammar&Structure

Marketingcommunicationscaninfluenceaconsumer’slevelofself-esteem.Exposure∧advertisementscantriggeraprocessofsocialcomparison,inthatapersontriestoevaluatehisorherselfbycomparingitwiththepeopleshowinginadvertisingimages.Thisformofcomparisonappearstobeabasichumanmotive.Manymarketershadtappedintothisneedbysupplyingidealizedimagesofhappy,attractivepeoplewhoareusingtheirproductsinordertomotivatepeopletobuytheproducts.

Arecentstudyillustrateswhatthissocialcomparisonprocessworks.Thestudyshowthatfemalecollegestudentstendedtocomparetheirphysicalappearancetoadvertisingmodels.Studyparticipantswereexposedtobeautifulwomeninadvertisements.Afterwardstheparticipantsexpressedloweredsatisfactionwiththeirownappearanceascomparingwithotherparticipantswhowerenotexposedtotheadvertisement.Anotherstudydemonstratedthatyoungwomen’sperceptionsoftheirownbodyshapesandsizes∧alteredafterthewomenhadviewedaslittleasthirtyminutesoftelevisionprogramming.

Self-esteemadvertisingattemptstochangepeople’sproductattitudesbystimulatingnegativefeelingsabouttheself.Onestrategyistochallengetheconsumer’sself-esteemandprovidearemedy.Forexample,anadvertisementforZestsoapsays,“You’renotfullcleanuntilyou’reZestfullyclean.”

Whenconsumerscomparetheiractualattributeswiththeiridealimageofthemselves,theirself-esteemoftensuffers.Consumersmightaskthemselvesquestionssuchas,“AmIasattractiveasIwouldliketobe?

”“DoImakemuchmoneyasIshould?

”

1.____to____

2.__which___

3.__shown___

4.__have____

5.___how____

6.___with____

7._compared__

8.__were_____

9._positive____

10.__fully____

1.D2.C3.D4.B5.A

6.C7.B8.D9.C10.A

IV.Translation

Intheconsumptiondecisionmaking,individualmembersoffamiliesoftenservedifferentroles:

influencers,gatekeepers,deciders,buyers,preparers,users,maintainersanddisposers.Insomecasesasinglefamilymemberwillindependentlyassumeacoupleofroleswhileinothercasestheroleoftheuserofaproductisseparatefromthatofthedeciderorthebuyer.Acaseinpointisthathouseholdproductslikefoodandsoapsmaybepurchasedbyapersonbutconsumedbymany,whereaspersonalcareitems,suchascosmeticsorshavingcream,mightbepurchasedbyanindividualfamilymemberforhisorherownconsumption.Housesandcars,ontheotherhand,areoftendeterminedbyspouses,perhapswithinvolvementfromchildren.Asaresultthemarketersfrequentlyexaminetheattitudesandbehaviorsofthefamilymemberwhoisbelievedtobethedecisionmaker.It’salsoofsignificanceforthemarketerstoconsidertheattitudesandbehaviorofthepersonmostlikelytobetheprimaryuseroftheproductorservice.

TextB

Marketing’sImpactonConsumers

KeytoExercises

Comprehension&Appreciation

1.D.2.B.3.B.4.A.5.C.6.D.

1.在许多方面，我们受市场商人的“摆布”，我们依靠他们向我们兜售所谓的安全和放心的商品，依靠他们告诉我们产品的真实情况，依靠他们合理定价妥善发货。

2.音乐、电影、体育、图书及其他被大众市场消费的娱乐形式构成了流行文化。

流行文化既是营销产品也是市场商人的灵感所在。

3.我们无法忽视营销在创造与传播流行文化中的地位。

但很多人浑然不觉市场营销体系改变着他们的世界观，从电影、音乐符号、内饰、到其他人身上充满魅力的容貌。

4.实际上，很多消费者更易识别这些人物特征，而不是前总统、大财阀或世界领袖。

5.另一方面，伴随各种不同文化的产品与方式的融合，流行文化继续以新奇的方式发展。

Unit3Health

TextA

AModernEpidemic

KeytoExercises

II.Vocabulary

1.vomit2.dramatic3.predisposition4.confines

5.novel6.hallmark7.ubiquitous8.avid

1.outofsync2.accountfor3.trigger4. teemswith5.exposure

6.vigilance7.outgrow8.underlie9.take…outon10.ubiquitous

III.Grammar&Structure

Butcontrarytowhatmanypeoplebelieve,anincreaseintakeofdairyproducts,iflow-fat（milk）orfull-fat（milkandcheese）,hadaneutraleffectonweight.

Andalthoughconventionaladvicetoeatlessfat,weightlosswasgreatestamongpeoplewhoatemoreyogurtandnuts,includingpeanutbutter,overeachfour-yearperiod.

Nutsarehighinvegetablefat,andprevioussmallstudieshaveshownthateatingpeanutbuttercanhelppeoplegainweightandkeepitoff,probablybecauseitslowsthereturnofhunger.

∧Yogurt,amongallfoods,wasmoststronglylinkedtoweightlosswasthestudy’smostsurprisingdietaryfinding,theresearcherssaid.Participantswhoatelessyogurtlostanaverageof0.82poundeveryfouryears.

Yogurtcontainshealthfulbacteriathatinanimalstudiesincreaseproductionofintestinalhormonesthatenhancesatietyanddecreasehunger,Dr.Husaid.Thebacteriamayalsoraisethebody’smetabolicrate,makingweightcontroleasier.

But,consistencywiththenewstudy’sfindings,metabolismtakesahitfromrefinedcarbohydrates----sugarsandstarchesstrippedoftheirfiber,aswhiteflour.WhenDr.DavidLudwigofChildren’sHospitalBostoncomparedtheeffectsofrefinedcarbohydratestotheeffectsofwholegrainsinbothanimalsandpeople,hefoundthatmetabolism,whichdetermineshowmanycaloriesareusedatrest,slowedwiththeconsumptionofrefinedgrainsandstayedthesameafterconsumptionofwholegrains.

1._increased___

2.__whether___

3.__despite___

4.___lose____

5.___That___

6.___more___

7._consistent__

8.___like____

9.___with___

10.___but____

1.C2.B3.D4.C5.D

6A7.C8.D9.A10.A

IV.Translation

Thehygienehypothesisholdsthatpeoplelivingintoosterileanenvironmentarenotexposedtoenoughpathogenstokeeptheimmunesystembusy.Sinceourbo

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