考研真题 英语真题及参考答案.docx

考研真题 英语真题及参考答案.docx

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考研真题英语真题及参考答案

考研真题英语真题及参考答案

2021年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语

（一）试题SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:

Readthefollowingte_t.

Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.

（10points）AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilye_erciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_

heartrateando_ygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___

benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

__6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,ase_ercisedoes,laughterapparentlyacplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___

muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.

Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___

feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.

__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___

physicalreactions.

Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybeesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

Althoughsadnessalso____14___

tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___

muscularresponses.

Inane_perimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___

apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）__17___

e_pression.

Thoseforcedtoe_ercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___

thate_pressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__

thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

1．[A]among[B]e_cept[C]despite[D]like2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]e_pected8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]rela_es9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11．[A]E_ceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because14．[A]e_hausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold17．[A]disappointed[B]e_cited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]ConverselySectionIIReadingprehensionPartADirections:

Readthefollowingfourte_ts.

Answerthequestionsbeloweachte_tbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.

（40points）Te_t1ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsne_tmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2021.

Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.

“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertisparativelylittleknown.

EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”Asadescriptionofthene_tmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.

Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingpositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.

AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmyputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.

Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustpetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theaterpanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.

Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.

Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.

Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

Ale_Ross,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelye_pandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.

IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

21.

WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas[A]incurredcriticism.

[B]raisedsuspicion.

[C]receivedacclaim.

[D]arousedcuriosity.

22.

TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois[A]influential.

[B]modest.

[C]respectable.

[D]talented.

23.

Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers[A]ignorethee_pensesofliveperformances.

[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

[C]e_aggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

24.

Accordingtothete_t,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

25.

RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels[A]doubtful.

[B]enthusiastic.

[C]confident.

[D]puzzled.

Te_t2WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hise_planationwassurprisinglystraightup.

Ratherthancloakinghise_itintheusualvaguee_cuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningapany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.

Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofpanyhewantedtorun.

Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.

AndMcGeeisn’talone.

InrecentweekstheNo.2e_ecutivesatAvonandAmericanE_pressquitwiththee_planationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.

Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,e_ecutiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.

Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithouta.

Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.

Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.

Foryearse_ecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.

SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.

EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.

ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInter-basedmoditiese_change.

RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin20__5withambitionstobeaCEO.

Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.

Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.

“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.

“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”26.

WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing[A]arrogant.

[B]frank.

[C]self-centered.

[D]impulsive.

27.

AccordingtoParagraph2,seniore_ecutives’quittingmaybespurredby[A]theire_pectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

28.

Theword“poached”（Line3,Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans[A]approvedof.

[B]attendedto.

[C]huntedfor.

[D]guardedagainst.

29.

Itcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat[A]topperformersusedtoclingtotheirposts.

[B]loyaltyoftopperformersisgettingout-dated.

[C]topperfor