英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析.docx

英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析.docx

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英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

ModifiedbyJACKontheafternoonofDecember26,2020

英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析

　　SectionC

　　PassageOne

　　Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage，butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

　　Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.

　　Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.

　　Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.

　　Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.

　　"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities，mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.

　　Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.

　　Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle（细微的）changesinmentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingPuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.

　　Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition（认知能力）generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.

　　Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia（痴呆）,accordingtotheresearchers.

　　"Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."

　　Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.

　　47.【题干】Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?

　　【选项】

　　variesfrompersontoperson.

　　graduallyexpandswithage.

　　weakensinone'slateryears.

　　indicatesone'shealthcondition.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage，butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

　　48.【题干】Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?

　　【选项】

　　diseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.

　　reachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.

　　arecloselyrelatedtophysical'andmentalexercise.

　　ofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.

　　49.【题干】WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases?

　　【选项】

　　tendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.

　　flexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.

　　functionquitewelleveninoldage.

　　functioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.

　　50.【题干】Althoughpeople'smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they_____.

　　【选项】

　　bebetteratsolvingpuzzles

　　memorizethingswithmoreease

　　havegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning

　　putwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities，mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.

　　51.【题干】AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus_____.

　　【选项】

　　waystoslowdownourmentaldecline

　　waystoboostourmemories

　　thecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning

　　therelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."

　　PassageTwo

　　Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　ThemostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherisingdiscussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.Theshorthand（简写）educatorsuseforthisis"pre-K"—meaninginstructionbeforekindergarten—andthebigideaistoprepare4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.

　　Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.

　　ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.

　　AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.

　　Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.

　　Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.

　　Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention（干预）works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.

　　Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.

　　52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?

　　【选项】

　　shouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.

　　isessentialtoaperson'sfutureacademicsuccess.

　　andpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.

　　regarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopment.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】第一段：

Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.

　　53.【题干】WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?

　　【选项】

　　achievementsusuallydonotlastlong.

　　thirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.

　　thirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopment.

　　hasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.

　　【答案】A

　　【解析】AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.

　　54.【题干】Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?

　　itisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.

　　itismadepartofkids'education.

　　itisnolongerconsideredaluxury.

　　itismadefunandenjoyabletokids.

　　【答案】B

　　【解析】Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.

　　56.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?

　　【选项】

　　knowstherealgoalofeducation.

　　isamayorofinsightandvision.

　　hasoncerunapre-Kprogram.

　　isafirmsupporterofpre-K.

　　【答案】D

　　【解析】Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.

　　56【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education?

　　【选项】

　　method.

　　'interest.

　　intervention.

　　'involvement.

　　【答案】C

　　【解析】Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention（干预）works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.