全国各地高考英语真题及模拟题分类编专题五 阅读理解附详析.docx
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全国各地高考英语真题及模拟题分类编专题五阅读理解附详析
全国各地2019年高考英语真题及模拟题分类编
专题五【阅读理解】
一、2019年高考真题
I.应用文
1.【2019·全国卷I,A】
NeedaJobThisSummer?
Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.
Notastudent?
Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.
JobsforYouth
Ifyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合条件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.
Whoiseligible:
Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社区).
SummerCompany
SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.
Whoiseligible:
Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.
StewardshipYouthRangerProgram
YoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.
Whoiseligible:
Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.
SummerEmploymentOpportunities(机会)
ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.
Whoiseligible:
Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.
21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?
A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.
B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.
C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.
D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.
22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?
A.15-18.B.15-24.C.15-29.D.16-17.
23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?
A.JobsforYouth.B.SummerCompany.
C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.
【语篇解读】本文为应用文。
本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。
21.B【解析】细节理解题。
根据SummerCompany部分中的“SummerCompanyprovidesstudentswith...awardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”可知“SummerCompany为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励,来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。
“startandruntheirownsummerbusinesses”即“为开办新的业务”,这对应B项中的“runnnewbusinesses”,二者是词义之间的转述关系。
故选B。
22.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据StewardshipYouthRangerProgram部分中的第二段“Whoiseligible:
Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.”可知“符合条件的学生:
16岁或17岁的学生,但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。
由此得出,这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。
分析选项可知D项符合题意,故选D。
23.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据SummerEmploymentOpportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Whoiseligible:
...Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability”,可知SummerEmploymentOpportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。
分析选项可知,D项符合题意,故选D。
2.【2019·全国卷II,A】
MyFavouriteBooks
JoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.
Matilda
RoaldDahl
IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres,MissTrunchbull,areequallyfumyandfrightening,butthey'realsoaspirational.
AfterDark
HarukiMurakami
It’sabouttwosisters-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister.Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse”nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.
GoneGirl
GillianFynn
Therewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyable
TheStand
StephenKing
Thisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.
21.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?
A.StephenKing.B.GillianFlynn.
C.JoUsmar.D.RoaldDahl
22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?
A.Cosmopolitan.B.Matilda.
C.AfterDark.D.TheStand.
23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?
)
A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.
C.Alovestory.D.Ahorrorstory.
【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。
短文介绍了作家JoUsmar最喜欢的书籍。
21.C
【解析】细节理解题。
由Matilda中的“IoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl’swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords”可知,我曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文,这篇论文让我对他奇怪而有趣的文字有了新的认识。
所以JoUsmar在介绍Matilda这本书,用第一人称“I”口吻来说明自己曾经写过一篇关于童话故事对罗尔德·达尔写作有影响的论文。
所以“I”指的是JoUsmar。
故C选项正确。
22.C
【解析】细节理解题。
由AfterDark中的“It’sabouttwosister-Eri,amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping,andMari,ayoungstudent”可知,故事讲的是两个姐妹---Eri是一个突然一觉不醒的模特。
玛丽,是一个充满青春活力的上和古董店里寻找旧的军队勋章,然后将这些勋章归还它们的合法主人。
文章主要叙述了他这一爱好的起源。
21.A
【解析】细节理解题。
根据第二段中的“ZacknowsthemeaningofaPurpleHeart—heearnedonehimselfinawarasasoldier”可知,当Zac还是一名士兵的时候,在一次战争中他获得了一枚PurpleHeart。
故A选项正确。
22.B
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第三段中的“Todriveeighthourstocometoseeme”可以推知,Adeline为了那枚PurpleHeart开车八个小时来见Zac,由此可知,她对于这件事是认真地。
因此,Atthatpoint,Iknewshemeantbusiness应该指的是Zac意识到Adeline对这枚勋章是认真的。
故B选项正确。
23.D
【解析】推理判断题。
根据第四段中的“Corrado,atranslator…waskilledinactioninEurope”和倒数第三段中的“asIgrewolder…andmissedmybrothermoreandmore,Irealizedthatwastheonlythingwehadleft”这枚勋章寄托了Adeline对于去世的哥哥Corrado的回忆和思念,这是他们家留下的唯一关于哥哥的东西了。
因此她很珍惜这枚勋章。
故D选项正确。
8.【2019·浙江卷,B】
Moneywithnostringsattached.It’snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed."
Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncashtotheboard.“Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebillsontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideoclip(片段)showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.
“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,”Bridgessaid.“There’sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthosethatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidaverysmallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.
Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy.HeaddedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttrysimilarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.
“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,"hesaid.“Somedaysyouneedahelpinghandandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”
24.Whatdoestheexpression"moneywithnostringsattached"inparagraph1mean?
A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.
B.Moneynotlegallymade.
C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.
D.Moneynottiedtogether.
25.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?
A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.
B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.
C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.
D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.
26.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?
A.Todoatestonpeople’smorals.
B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.
C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.
D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.
【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。
短文报道了上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元,上面写着“给予你所能给与的,拿走你所需要的”。
这样的活动吸引了各种各样的人,组织者希望通过这样的活动来提倡仁慈和同情。
24.C
【解析】词义猜测题。
由第一段“ButatUnionStationinLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsandasignthatread,"GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”可知,但是上个月在洛杉矶的联合车站,一块牌子上别针别满了美元,上面写着“给予你所能给与的,拿走你所需要的”。
所以通过下文的语境,判断出第1段中的moneywithnostringsattached是“无条件提供的钱”的意思。
故B选项正确。
25.B
【解析】推理判断题。
由第二段““Peopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic(社会经济的)backgroundsgaveandtook,”saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhadabrideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars.”可知,发起该项活动的泰勒·布里奇斯说:
“所有年龄、种族和社会经济背景的人都会付出和索取。
”甚至有一位穿着婚纱的新娘来到了牌子前,拿走了一些钱。
所以通过泰勒·布里奇斯所说的,可以判断出,他提到新娘就是想说明这项活动吸引了各种各样的人。
故B选项正确。
26.D
【解析】细节理解题。
由倒数第二段“Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwastoshowgenerosityandsympathy”可知,尽管这段视频看起来像是一项新的广告活动的一部分,但是布里奇斯说这次活动唯一的目标是表现出慷慨和同情。
所以布里奇斯实施这个活动是为了提倡仁慈和同情。
故D选项正确。
III.说明文
1.【2019·全国卷I,C】
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物测量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(装置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:
asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(节奏)withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybo