Eagsjha托福SAT雅思GREGMATLSAT通用提高阅读速度.docx

Eagsjha托福SAT雅思GREGMATLSAT通用提高阅读速度.docx

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Eagsjha托福SAT雅思GREGMATLSAT通用提高阅读速度

七夕，古今诗人惯咏星月与悲情。

吾生虽晚，世态炎凉却已看透矣。

情也成空，且作“挥手袖底风”罢。

是夜，窗外风雨如晦，吾独坐陋室，听一曲《尘缘》，合成诗韵一首，觉放诸古今，亦独有风韵也。

乃书于纸上。

毕而卧。

凄然入梦。

乙酉年七月初七。

-----啸之记。

TIPSFORINCREASINGREADINGSPEED

Asoureyesmoveacrossthepagetheymakeaseriesofjerkymovements.Whenevertheycometorestonawordthatiscalledafixation.Mostpeoplefixateonceoneachwordacrossalineofprint. Inordertomakeourspeedincreasewemusttakeinmorewordswitheachfixation,ratherthanmakeoureyesmovefaster.

1.Trytoavoidfocusingoneveryword,butratherlookatgroupsof2to3words.Forinstance,thissentencecouldbegroupedinthismanner:

forinstance/thissentence/couldbegrouped/inthismanner'

2.Workonvocabularyimprovement.Familiarizeyourselfwithnewwordssoyoudon'tgetstuckonthemwhenyoureadthemagain.

3.Readmore!

15minutesadayofreadinganaveragesizenovelequals18booksayearatanaveragereadingspeed!

4.Determineyourpurposebeforereading.Ifyouonlyneedmainideas,thenallowyourselftoskimthematerial.Don'tfeelyoumustreadveryword.

5.Spendafewminutesadayreadingatafasterthancomfortablerate（about2to3timesfasterthanyournormalspeed）.Useyourhandoranindexcardtoguideyoureyesdownthepage.Thentimeyourselfreadingafewpagesatyournormalspeed.You'llfindthatoftenyournormalreadingspeedwillincreaseafteryourskimmingpractice.

6. Ifyouhavepoorconcentrationwhenreading,practicereadingforonly5-10minutesatatimeandgraduallyincreasethistime.

7.Thereareseveralbooksonincreasingreadingspeedavailableinmostbookstores.Ifyouareseriousaboutincreasingyourrateyoumaywanttoworksystematicallythroughoneofthesebooks 

SUGGESTIONSFORIMPROVINGREADINGSPEED

ImprovementofReadingRate

Itissafetosaythatalmostanyonecandoublehisspeedofreadingwhilemaintainingequalorevenhighercomprehension.Inotherwords,anyonecanimprovethespeedwithwhichhegetswhathewantsfromhisreading.

Theaveragecollegestudentreadsbetween250and350wordsperminuteonfictionandnon-technicalmaterials.A"good"readingspeedisaround500to700wordsperminute,butsomepeoplecanreadathousandwordsperminuteorevenfasteronthesematerials.Whatmakesthedifference?

Therearethreemainfactorsinvolvedinimprovingreadingspeed:

（1）thedesiretoimprove,

（2）thewillingnesstotrynewtechniquesand（3）themotivationtopractice.:

Learningtoreadrapidlyandwellpresupposesthatyouhavethenecessaryvocabularyandcomprehensionskills.Whenyouhaveadvancedonthereadingcomprehensionmaterialstoalevelatwhichyoucanunderstandcollege-levelmaterials,youwillbereadytospeedreadingpracticeinearnest.

TheRoleofSpeedintheReadingProcess

Understandingtheroleofspeedinthereadingprocessisessential.Researchhasshownacloserelationbetweenspeedandunderstanding.Forexample,incheckingprogresschartsofthousandsofindividualstakingreadingtraining,ithasbeenfoundinmostcasesthatanincreaseinratehasbeenparalleledbyanincreaseincomprehension,andthatwhereratehasgonedown,comprehensionhasalsodecreased.

Althoughthereisatpresentlittlestatisticalevidence,itseemsthatploddingword-by-wordanalysis（orwordreading）inhibitsunderstanding.Thereissomereasontobelievethatthefactorsproducingslowreadingarealsoinvolvedinloweredcomprehension.Mostadultsareabletoincreasetheirrateofreadingconsiderablyandratherquicklywithoutloweringcomprehension.Thesesameindividualsseldomshowanincreaseincomprehensionwhentheyreducetheirrate.Inothercases,comprehensionisactuallybetterathigherratesofspeed.Suchresults,ofcourse,areheavilydependentuponthemethodusedtogaintheincreasedrate.Simplyreadingmorerapidlywithoutactualimprovementinbasicreadinghabitsusuallyresultsinloweredcomprehension.

FactorsthatReduceReadingRate

Someofthefactswhichreducereadingrate:

（a）limitedperceptualspani.e.,word-by-wordreading;（b）slowperceptualreactiontime,i.e.,slownessofrecognitionandresponsetothematerial;（c）vocalization,includingtheneedtovocalizeinordertoachievecomprehension;（d）faultyeyemovements,includinginaccuracyinplacementofthepage,inreturnsweep,inrhythmandregularityofmovement,etc.;（e）regression,bothhabitualandasassociatedwithhabitsofconcentration;（f）faultyhabitsofattentionandconcentration,beginningwithsimpleinattentionduringthereadingactandfaultyprocessesofretention;（g）lackofpracticeinreading,duesimplytothefactthatthepersonhasreadverylittleandhaslimitedreadinginterestssothatverylittlereadingispracticedinthedailyorweeklyschedule;（h）fearoflosingcomprehension,causingthepersontosuppresshisratedeliberatelyinthefirmbeliefthatcomprehensionisimprovedifhespendsmoretimeontheindividualwords;（i）habitualslowreading,inwhichthepersoncannotreadfasterbecausehehasalwaysreadslowly,（j）poorevaluationofwhichaspectsareimportantandwhichareunimportant;and（k）theefforttoremembereverythingratherthantorememberselectively.

Sincetheseconditionsactalsotoreducecomprehensionincreasingthereadingratethrougheliminatingthemislikelytoresultinincreasedcomprehensionaswell.Thisisanentirelydifferentmatterfromsimplyspeedinguptherateofreadingwithoutreferencetotheconditionsresponsiblefortheslowrate.Infact,simplyspeedingtherateespeciallythroughforcedacceleration,mayactuallyresult,andoftendoes,inmakingtherealreadingproblemmoresevere.Inaddition,forcedaccelerationmayevendestroyconfidenceinabilitytoread.Theobvioussolutionthenistoincreaserateasapartofatotalimprovementofthewholereadingprocess.Thisisafunctionofspecialtrainingprogramsinreading.

BasicConditionsforIncreasedReadingRate

Awellplannedprogrampreparesformaximumincreaseinratebyestablishingthenecessaryconditions.Fourbasicconditionsinclude:

1.Haveyoureyeschecked.Beforeembarkingonaspeedreadingprogram,makesurethatanycorrectableeyedefectsyoumayhavearetakencareofbycheckingwithyoureyedoctor.Often,veryslowreadingisrelatedtouncorrectedeyedefects.

2.Eliminatethehabitofpronouncingwordsasyouread.Ifyousoundoutwordsinyourthroatorwhisperthem,youcanreadslightlyonlyasfastasyoucanreadaloud.Youshouldbeabletoreadmostmaterialsatleasttwoorthreetimesfastersilentlythanorally.Ifyouareawareofsoundingor"hearing"wordsasyouread,trytoconcentrateonkeywordsandmeaningfulideasasyouforceyourselftoreadfaster.

3.Avoidregressing（rereading）.Theaveragestudentreadingat250wordsperminuteregressesorrereadsabout20timesperpage.Rereadingwordsandphrasesisahabitwhichwillslowyourreadingspeeddowntoasnail'space.Usually,itisunnecessarytorereadwords,fortheideasyouwantareexplainedandelaboratedmorefullyinlatercontexts.Furthermore,theslowestreaderusuallyregressesmostfrequently.Becausehereadsslowly,hismindhastimetowanderandhisrereadingreflectsbothhisinabilitytoconcentrateandhislackofconfidenceinhiscomprehensionskills.

4.Developawidereye-span.Thiswillhelpyoureadmorethanonewordataglance.Sincewrittenmaterialislessmeaningfulifreadwordbyword,thiswillhelpyoulearntoreadbyphrasesorthoughtunits.

RateAdjustment

Poorresultsareinevitableifthereaderattemptstousethesamerateindiscriminatelyfora-1typesofmaterialandforallreadingpurposes.Hemustlearntoadjusthisratetohispurposeinreadingandtothedifficultyofthematerialheisreading.Thisrangesfromamaximumrateoneasy,familiar,interestingmaterialorinreadingtogatherinformationonaparticularpoint,tominimalrateonmaterialwhichisunfamiliarincontentandlanguagestructureorwhichmustbethoroughlydigested.Theeffectivereaderadjustshisrate;theineffectivereaderusesthesamerateforalltypesofmaterial.

Rateadjustmentmaybeoveralladjustmenttothearticleasawhole,orinternaladjustmentwithinthearticle.Overalladjustmentestablishesthebasicrateatwhichthetotalarticleisread;internaladjustmentinvolvesthenecessaryvariationsinrateforeachvariedpartofthematerial.Asananalogy,youplantotakea100-milemountaintrip.Sincethiswillbearelativelyharddrivewithhills,curves,andamountainpass,youdecidetotakethreehoursforthetotaltrip,averagingabout35milesanhour.Thisisyouroverallrateadjustment.However,inactualdrivingyoumayslowdowntonomorethan15milesperhouronsomecurvesandhills,whilespeedingupto50milesperhourormoreonrelativelystraightandlevelsections.Thisisyourinternalrateadjustment.Thereisnosetrate,therefore,whichthegoodreaderfollowsinflexiblyinreadingaparticularselection,eventhoughhehassethimselfanoverallrateforthetotaljob.

Overallrateadjustmentshouldbebasedonyourreadingplan,yourreadingpurpose,andthenatureanddifficultyofthematerial.Thereadingplanitselfshouldspecifythegeneralratetobeused.Thisisbasedonthetotal"sizeup".Itmaybehelpfultoconsiderexamplesofhowpurposecanacttohelpdeterminetheratetobeused.Tounderstandinformation,skimorscanatarapidrate.Todeterminevalueofmaterialortoreadforenjoyment,readrapidlyorslowlyaccordingtoyoufeeling.Toreadanalytically,readatamoderatepacetopermitinterrelatingideas.Thenatu