The World FactbookUnited Kingdom.docx

The World FactbookUnited Kingdom.docx

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TheWorldFactbookUnitedKingdom

TheWorldFactbook

UnitedKingdom

Introduction

UnitedKingdom

Background:

Asthedominantindustrialandmaritimepowerofthe19thcentury,theUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandIrelandplayedaleadingroleindevelopingparliamentarydemocracyandinadvancingliteratureandscience.Atitszenith,theBritishEmpirestretchedoverone-fourthoftheearth'ssurface.Thefirsthalfofthe20thcenturysawtheUK'sstrengthseriouslydepletedintwoWorldWarsandtheIrishrepublicwithdrawfromtheunion.ThesecondhalfwitnessedthedismantlingoftheEmpireandtheUKrebuildingitselfintoamodernandprosperousEuropeannation.AsoneoffivepermanentmembersoftheUNSecurityCouncil,afoundingmemberofNATO,andoftheCommonwealth,theUKpursuesaglobalapproachtoforeignpolicy;itcurrentlyisweighingthedegreeofitsintegrationwithcontinentalEurope.AmemberoftheEU,itchosetoremainoutsidetheEconomicandMonetaryUnionforthetimebeing.ConstitutionalreformisalsoasignificantissueintheUK.TheScottishParliament,theNationalAssemblyforWales,andtheNorthernIrelandAssemblywereestablishedin1999,butthelatterwassuspendeduntilMay2007duetowranglingoverthepeaceprocess.

Geography

UnitedKingdom

Location:

WesternEurope,islandsincludingthenorthernone-sixthoftheislandofIrelandbetweentheNorthAtlanticOceanandtheNorthSea,northwestofFrance

Geographiccoordinates:

5400N,200W

Mapreferences:

Europe

Area:

total:

244,820sqkm

land:

241,590sqkm

water:

3,230sqkm

note:

includesRockallandShetlandIslands

Area-comparative:

slightlysmallerthanOregon

Landboundaries:

total:

360km

bordercountries:

Ireland360km

Coastline:

12,429km

Maritimeclaims:

territorialsea:

12nm

exclusivefishingzone:

200nm

continentalshelf:

asdefinedincontinentalshelfordersorinaccordancewithagreeduponboundaries

Climate:

temperate;moderatedbyprevailingsouthwestwindsovertheNorthAtlanticCurrent;morethanone-halfofthedaysareovercast

Terrain:

mostlyruggedhillsandlowmountains;leveltorollingplainsineastandsoutheast

Elevationextremes:

lowestpoint:

TheFens-4m

highestpoint:

BenNevis1,343m

Naturalresources:

coal,petroleum,naturalgas,ironore,lead,zinc,gold,tin,limestone,salt,clay,chalk,gypsum,potash,silicasand,slate,arableland

Landuse:

arableland:

23.23%

permanentcrops:

0.2%

other:

76.57%（2005）

Irrigatedland:

1,700sqkm（2003）

Totalrenewablewaterresources:

160.6cukm（2005）

Freshwaterwithdrawal（domestic/industrial/agricultural）:

total:

11.75cukm/yr（22%/75%/3%）

percapita:

197cum/yr（1994）

Naturalhazards:

winterwindstorms;floods

Environment-currentissues:

continuestoreducegreenhousegasemissions（hasmetKyotoProtocoltargetofa12.5%reductionfrom1990levelsandintendstomeetthelegallybindingtargetandmovetowardadomesticgoalofa20%cutinemissionsby2010）;by2005thegovernmentreducedtheamountofindustrialandcommercialwastedisposedofinlandfillsitesto85%of1998levelsandrecycledorcompostedatleast25%ofhouseholdwaste,increasingto33%by2015

Environment-internationalagreements:

partyto:

AirPollution,AirPollution-NitrogenOxides,AirPollution-PersistentOrganicPollutants,AirPollution-Sulfur94,AirPollution-VolatileOrganicCompounds,Antarctic-EnvironmentalProtocol,Antarctic-MarineLivingResources,AntarcticSeals,AntarcticTreaty,Biodiversity,ClimateChange,ClimateChange-KyotoProtocol,Desertification,EndangeredSpecies,EnvironmentalModification,HazardousWastes,LawoftheSea,MarineDumping,MarineLifeConservation,OzoneLayerProtection,ShipPollution,TropicalTimber83,TropicalTimber94,Wetlands,Whaling

signed,butnotratified:

noneoftheselectedagreements

Geography-note:

liesnearvitalNorthAtlanticsealanes;only35kmfromFranceandlinkedbytunnelundertheEnglishChannel;becauseofheavilyindentedcoastline,nolocationismorethan125kmfromtidalwaters

People

UnitedKingdom

Population:

60,943,912（July2008est.）

Agestructure:

0-14years:

16.9%（male5,287,590/female5,036,881）

15-64years:

67.1%（male20,698,645/female20,185,040）

65yearsandover:

16%（male4,186,561/female5,549,195）（2008est.）

Medianage:

total:

39.9years

male:

38.8years

female:

41years（2008est.）

Populationgrowthrate:

0.276%（2008est.）

Birthrate:

10.65births/1,000population（2008est.）

Deathrate:

10.05deaths/1,000population（2008est.）

Netmigrationrate:

2.17migrant（s）/1,000population（2008est.）

Sexratio:

atbirth:

1.05male（s）/female

under15years:

1.05male（s）/female

15-64years:

1.03male（s）/female

65yearsandover:

0.75male（s）/female

totalpopulation:

0.98male（s）/female（2008est.）

Infantmortalityrate:

total:

4.93deaths/1,000livebirths

male:

5.49deaths/1,000livebirths

female:

4.34deaths/1,000livebirths（2008est.）

Lifeexpectancyatbirth:

totalpopulation:

78.85years

male:

76.37years

female:

81.46years（2008est.）

Totalfertilityrate:

1.66childrenborn/woman（2008est.）

HIV/AIDS-adultprevalencerate:

0.2%（2001est.）

HIV/AIDS-peoplelivingwithHIV/AIDS:

51,000（2001est.）

HIV/AIDS-deaths:

fewerthan500（2003est.）

Nationality:

noun:

Briton（s）,British（collectiveplural）

adjective:

British

Ethnicgroups:

white（ofwhichEnglish83.6%,Scottish8.6%,Welsh4.9%,NorthernIrish2.9%）92.1%,black2%,Indian1.8%,Pakistani1.3%,mixed1.2%,other1.6%（2001census）

Religions:

Christian（Anglican,RomanCatholic,Presbyterian,Methodist）71.6%,Muslim2.7%,Hindu1%,other1.6%,unspecifiedornone23.1%（2001census）

Languages:

English,Welsh（about26%ofthepopulationofWales）,ScottishformofGaelic（about60,000inScotland）

Literacy:

definition:

age15andoverhascompletedfiveormoreyearsofschooling

totalpopulation:

99%

male:

99%

female:

99%（2003est.）

Schoollifeexpectancy（primarytotertiaryeducation）:

total:

16years

male:

16years

female:

17years（2006）

EducationaspercentofGDP:

5.6%（2005）

Government

UnitedKingdom

Countryname:

conventionallongform:

UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland;note-GreatBritainincludesEngland,Scotland,andWales

conventionalshortform:

UnitedKingdom

abbreviation:

UK

Governmenttype:

constitutionalmonarchy

Capital:

name:

London

geographiccoordinates:

5130N,010W

timedifference:

UTC0（5hoursaheadofWashington,DCduringStandardTime）

daylightsavingtime:

+1hr,beginslastSundayinMarch;endslastSundayinOctober

note:

appliestotheUnitedKingdomproper,nottoitsoverseasdependenciesorterritories

Administrativedivisions:

England:

34two-tiercounties,32Londonboroughsand1CityofLondonorGreaterLondon,36metropolitancounties,46unitaryauthorities

two-tiercounties:

Bedfordshire,Buckinghamshire,Cambridgeshire,Cheshire,CornwallandIslesofScilly,Cumbria,Derbyshire,Devon,Dorset,Durham,EastSussex,Essex,Gloucestershire,Hampshire,Hertfordshire,Kent,Lancashire,Leicestershire,Lincolnshire,Norfolk,NorthYorkshire,Northamptonshire,Northumberland,Nottinghamshire,Oxfordshire,Shropshire,Somerset,Staffordshire,Suffolk,Surrey,Warwickshire,WestSussex,Wiltshire,Worcestershire

LondonboroughsandCityofLondonorGreaterLondon:

BarkingandDagenham,Barnet,Bexley,Brent,Bromley,Camden,Croydon,Ealing,Enfield,Greenwich,Hackney,HammersmithandFulham,Haringey,Harrow,Havering,Hillingdon,Hounslow,Islington,KensingtonandChelsea,KingstonuponThames,Lambeth,Lewisham,CityofLondon,Merton,Newham,Redbridge,RichmonduponThames,Southwark,Sutton,TowerHamlets,WalthamForest,Wandsworth,Westminster

metropolitancounties:

Barnsley,Birmingham,Bolton,Bradford,Bury,Calderdale,Coventry,Doncaster,Dudley,Gateshead,Kirklees,Knowlsey,Leeds,Liverpool,Manchester,NewcastleuponTyne,NorthTyneside,Oldham,Rochdale,Rotherham,Salford,Sandwell,Sefton,Sheffield,Solihull,SouthTyneside,St.Helens,Stockport,Sunderland,Tameside,Trafford,Wakefield,Walsall,Wigan,Wirral,Wolverhampton

unitaryauthorities:

BathandNorthEastSomerset,BlackburnwithDarwen,Blackpool,Bournemouth,BracknellForest,BrightonandHove,CityofBristol,Darlington,Derby,EastRidingofYorkshire,Halton,Hartlepool,CountyofHerefordshire,IsleofWight,CityofKingstonuponHull,Leicester,Luton,Medway,Middlesbrough,MiltonKeynes,NorthEastLincolnshire,NorthLincolnshire,NorthSomerset,Nottingham,Peterborough,Plymouth,Poole,Portsmouth,Reading,RedcarandCleveland,Rutland,Slough,SouthGloucestershire,Southampton,Southend-on-Sea,Stockton-on-Tees,Stoke-on-Trent,Swindon,TelfordandWrekin,Thurrock,Torbay,Warrington,WestBerkshire,WindsorandMaidenhead,Wokingham,York

NorthernIreland:

26districtcouncilareas

districtcouncilareas:

Antrim,Ards,Armagh,Ballymena,Ballymoney,Banbridge,Belfast,Carrickfergus,Castlereagh,Coleraine,Cookstown,Craigavon,Derry,Down,Dungannon,Fermanagh,Larne,Limavady,Lisburn,Magherafelt,Moyle,NewryandMourne,Newtownabbey,NorthDown,Omagh,Strabane

Scotland:

32unitaryauthorities

unitaryauthorities:

AberdeenCity,Aberdeenshire,Angus,ArgyllandBute,Clackmannanshire,DumfriesandGalloway,DundeeCity,EastAyrshire,EastDunbartonshire,EastLothian,EastRenfrewshire,CityofEdinburgh,EileanSiar（WesternIsles）,Falkirk,Fife,GlasgowCity,Highland,Inverclyde,Midlothian,Moray,NorthAyrshire,NorthLanarkshire,OrkneyIslands,PerthandKinross,Renfrewshire,ShetlandI