普华永道--财务管理最佳实践之应收管理.ppt

普华永道--财务管理最佳实践之应收管理.ppt

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BestPracticeFinancialProcesses:

AccountsReceivable,AccountReceivable-BestPracticeObjectives,AccountsReceivableObjectives,Organisation,People,Processes,Controls,Measures,InformationSystems,Toensurecustomerpaymentsarereceivedefficientlyandeffectivelyforgoods/servicesdelivered,withintheagreedtermsandconditionsTomanagecreditriskefficientlywithoutcreatingunnecessarydelaysinthesalescycleTomaintainacompleteandaccuratestatementofoutstandingdebtorsToprovidecompleteforecastinformationtoassistthemanagementofshort-termcashrequirements,CentralisedprocessingEconomiesofscaleCustomerfocus,EstablishcreditlevelsIssuesalesorderIssueinvoiceMonitorcreditCollectcash,ProceduresmanualAuthorisationValidation/matchingCreditcontrol,CostperinvoiceCreditnotespercentageCostperpaymentreceivedDaysdebtoutstanding,IntegratedwithsalessystemAutomaticmatchingElectronicreceipts,CustomerrelationsLegalframeworkawarenessCreditmanagement,AccountsReceivable-BestPracticeFeatures,ProcessFeatures,Formalcreditchecksappliedtoallnewcustomerswithin24hoursusingcreditbureauMonitorcreditstatus/termsonregularbasisCustomeraccountmanagersprovidedwithuptodatecreditstatusTreasurypolicysetonlateandpromptpaymentsAuthoritylevelsclearlydefinedCreditpoliciesdefinedandagreedTermsandconditionsagreedwithcustomers,ConsolidatedperiodicinvoicingforhighfrequencyshipmentsBankremittancenoticesissuedwithsalesinvoicestofacilitatereconciliationSelfbillinginvoicesbyhighvolumecustomersConsideroutsourcingregularinvoice/paymentegutilitiesRegularreviewofinvoicequeriesandcreditnotesReconciliationofARbalancestoGLcontrolaccountsonaregularbasis,CreditinsurancearrangementsevaluatedperiodicallyCustomeraccountmanagersresponsibleforsalesandcashcollectionConstantmonitoringofdebtordays,dailycollection,ageingofdebtCustomercontactrecordsmaintainedOutsourcecashcollectionwhereappropriateDetermineandreportoncredittargetsMonitoroverduedebtsandtakeactionwithinagreedpolicy,Establishcreditlevels,Issuesalesorder,Issueinvoice,Monitorcredit/collectcash,SalesorderspreparedusingpricingdatabasewithpricingprofilesforproductsandcustomersNoorderprocessedwithoutvalidcustomerPOreferenceDeliverynoteactsasinvoiceforlow-frequencyshippings,AccountsReceivable-BestPracticeFeatures,Establishcreditlevels,Issuesalesorder,Issueinvoice,Monitorcredit/collectcash,SystemFeatures,ConsolidatedcreditpositionforgroupofcustomersSystemprovideson-linecustomerpaymenthistoryandtermsUseofworkflowsoftwaretomonitorprocessandhelpresolvequeriesStandardcreditcontrolreports,CommonSOPandARcustomerdatabaseInvoicesautomaticallygeneratedfromSOPandshipmentdataSelfbillinginvoicesautomaticallymatchedtocustomerordersMulticurrencyinvoicesAutomaticcommitmentandaccrualsAutomaticreconciliationfacilitiesbetweenintegratedSOPARandGLsystems,SOPlinkedtodebtorsledgertoensurecustomercreditlimitsnotexceededSalesdocumentssentviaEDIforallmajorcustomersIntegratedorder&billingsystemsavailableonline&hardcopy,PaymentsreceivedelectronicallywherepossibleAutomaticmatchingofpaymentstoinvoicesOn-linediaryfacilitytomonitorcallsAutomaticflaggingandreportingofhighriskaccountsAutomaticdunninglettersissuedwithinagreedtradingtermsIntegratedsystemstofacilitatecustomerqueryhandlingForecastcashreceiptsavailablefortreasurypurposes,AccountsReceivable-Trends,From,To,SeparateARmodulePaymentbychequeComplex/variabletradingtermsManualmatchingPerformedbyFinancedepartment,IntegratedsystemsElectronicpaymentCommontradingtermsforallcustomersAutomaticmatchingSharedoroutsourcedservices,AccountsReceivable-Measures/CostDrivers,90percentile,Median,10percentile,Numberofcustomerpaymentreceivedperaccountsreceivable,FTEperannum,40,300,5,500,700orless,Accountsreceivablecostpersalesinvoiceprocessed,10percentile,Median,90percentile,1,3,18,Median,1day,90percentile,4days,10percentile,1day,Daystoprocessinvoice/creditnote（ie,timebetweenreceiptofinvoice/creditnoteandentryintotheaccountingsystem）,Costdrivers,NumberofARreceiptsLevelofmultiplereceiptsUseofdirectdebiting/standingordersUseofelectricfundstransferLevelofcreditriskassociatedwithcustomerbaseVarietyinpaymenttermsDegreeofforeigncurrencyreceiptsLevelofcreditnotes,Billing-Measures/CostDrivers,90percentile,Median,10percentile,NumberofsalesinvoicesgeneratedperbillingFTEperannum,90,000,11,100,1,600,Billingcostpersalesinvoiceandcreditnoteprocessed,10percentile,Median,90percentile,1,2,22,Median,2days,90percentile,15days,10percentile,1day,Daysfromdespatchofgoodstopreparationofsalesinvoice,Costdrivers,NumberofinvoicesNumberofcustomersUseofEDIComplexityofservice/goodssuppliedVarietyintermsandconditionsComplexityofdiscountsDegreeofforeigncurrencyinvoicingNumberofcomplaintsAccuracy/levelofcreditnotes,AccountsReceivable-Level0ContextDiagram,AccountsReceivable-Level1Overview,AccountsReceivableNotesMaintaincustomerdata,BestPracticeFeaturesSendbilltooneaddressonly.Whereacustomerisprovidedwithgoodsorservicesatanumberoflocations,theconsolidationinthebillingprocessnotonlyreducesthenumberofbillstobeverifiedorcreatedbutalsodecreasesthepotentialneedtoreconcileanumberofreceivablesonindividualaccounts.Centralisethecustomerset-upprocessinordertoensureconsistency.InternalcontrolrequirementsInordertominimisetheriskofduplicationofthedataandtheunauthorisedset-upofcustomers,theprocessshouldbecentrallycontrolledandoperated.Beforeanycustomerisdeletedfromthesystem,evidenceshouldbeproducedthatthecustomerhasbeeninactivefortheappropriateperiodoftimeandnooutstandingbalancesarepresent.Approvalfordeletionisobtainedbymanagementauthoritysignature.Thechangestocustomersreportisregularlycheckedandmonitored.Systemnotificationofduplicatebusinessandbirthregistrationnumbers.,AccountsReceivableNotesMaintaincustomerdata,CostDriversNumberofcustomersNumberofnewcustomersNumberofcustomerchangesNumberofrequiredcustomerstandingdatafieldsPossibilityofsharingstandingdatabaseOverlapbetweendatabasesSearchcriteriaandstandardisationtoavoidduplication/redundancyKeyPerformanceIndicatorsNumberofchangesandadditionscarriedoutinayearperFTENumberofcustomersinop.databasewithouttransactionsfor1yearPercentageofchangesandadditionsoftotalcustomerbase,AccountsReceivableNotesManageReceivables,BestPracticeFeaturesAgeddebitbalancesshouldbereviewedbymanagementonaregularbasisandexplanationssoughtastowhydebtshavefailedtoberecovered.Overduedebitbalancesoccurasaresultanumberoffactorsofsub-optimalperformanceswithinthesalesdepartmentorwithinthecreditcontrolprocessorAR-infonotrecordedfrombankquicklyenoughandthereforenotprocessedquicklyenoughortimingofinvoiceissue.Therootcausesneedtobeaddressedandrectifiedbyalteringthecreditabilitystatusofthecustomer.Automaticflaggingandreportingofhighriskaccounts.Materialityandtimelimits.InternalcontrolrequirementsItisessentialthatdebitbalancesarereviewedregularlyandmatchedwithpaymentspromptlyinordertoavoidtheriskoffraudandminimisethechancesofbaddebt.Computerdiaryofactionstaken.Stopsplacedonoverduecustomers.Ageddebtorreportsenttolegaldepartmentandfunctionalmanagers.,AccountsReceivableNotesManagereceivables（Cont）,CostDriversNumberofoverdueopenitems.Numberofstepsinthedunningprocedure.Qualityandtimingofthematchingprocessofreceipts.Availabilityofdunningenforcementmeasures.Tolerancecriteria.Paymenttermsandconditionspolicy.KeyPerformanceindicatorsDaysoutstandingasapercentageofaveragepaymentterm.Valueofoverdueinvoicesasapercentageofoutstandingbalances.BadDebtProvisionasapercentageofoutstandingbalances.Processcost/customerpaymentreceived.Numberofdunninglettersas%oftotalinvoices.Writeoffvalueas%of（sundry）salesrevenue.,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessreceiptsanddirectdebits,BestpracticefeaturesUseofanelectronicinterfacebetweenbank,cashiersandARtreasuryAutomaticmatchingofreceiptsbyvalueandinvoicenumberInternalcontrolrequirementsInterfacecontroltotalwithbankandcashiers,dailyRegularsupervisoryreviewofopenandunmatcheditemsDocumentationofalloverdueopenitemsandunmatchedreceipts,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessreceiptsanddirectdebits,CostDriversNo.ofReceiptsformorethanonetransactionPercentageofdownpaymentsQualityofpaymentinformationNumberofunmatchedpaymentsNumberofforeigncurrencyreceiptsandexchangeratedifferencesTolerancepaymentdifferencesNumberofcriteriaforautomaticmatchingKeyPerformanceIndicatorsMonthlyandcumulativetolerancedifferenceamountsPercentageofreceiptsclearedautomaticallyinmonthNumberofmanuallymatchedreceiptsperFTENumberofunmatchedreceiptsolderthan1month,AccountsReceivableNotesProcessamendments,BestPracticeFeaturesSinglecontactpointforallqueries.Althoughthequeryprocessingcanbedistributedthereareobviousinefficienciesindirectingenquiriestoanumberofcontactpoints.Haveaccesstosufficientdatatobeabletohandlethemajorityofquerieson-line.Inthiscontext,theuseofimageprocessingallowsinvoicestobecalleduponscreenquicklyand,ifnecessary,automaticallycopiedtotheenquirerthroughthemediumofautofax.InternalcontrolrequirementsInordertooperateaneffectivehelpdesk,staffwillrequiretohaveac