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跨文化交际自主学习资料docgzip
《跨文化交际》课程自学材料
PartOneDefiningCulture
一．讨论题
1.Howdoyouthinkcultureandcommunicationarerelated?
2.Whatarethebarriersyouexperiencedininterculturalcommunication?
And
howdidyouhandlethem?
3.Workingroupstodecidewhichofthefollowingbelongtoovertcultureand
whichtocovert:
A.Whatandhowpeopleeat
B.Howtokeephealthy
C.Howtoraisechildren
D.Howtodobusiness
E.Howtousetime
F.Howtointroducepeople
G.Howtoparticipateinceremonies
H.Rulesforfacialexpressionsandeyecontact
I.Rituals
J.Etiquette
K.Workspeed
L.Whatisrightorwrong,beautifulorugly,cleanordirty,goodorbad,etc.
M.Theoriesofdisease,sin,death,godorgods,sanity,self,etc.
4.Canyouaddmoretotheabovelist?
Whichofthemdoyouthinkaremore
likelytocauseproblemsininterculturalcommunication?
Andwhydoyou
thinktheyare?
二、分析、解答题
Pleasereadthefollowingexample（takenfromScollon&Scollon,2000）and
studyhowcommunicationisaffectedbyculture.
TwomenmeetonaplanefromTokyotoHongKong.ChuHon-feiisaHong
KongexporterwhoisreturningfromabusinesstriptoJapan.AndrewRichardsonis
anAmericanbuyeronhisfirstbusinesstriptoHongKong.ItIsaconvenientmeeting
forthembecauseMr.Chu'scompanysellssomeoftheproductsMr.Richardsonhas
sometoHongKongtobuy.Afterabitofconversationtheyintroducethemselvesto
eachother.
Mr.Richardson:
Bytheway,I'mAndrewRichardson.MyfriendscallmeAndy.
Thisismybusinesscard.
Mr.Chu:
I'mDavidChu.Pleasedtomeetyou,Mr.Richardson.Thisismycard.
Mr.Richardson:
No,no.CallmeAndy.Ithinkwe'llbedoingalotofbusiness
together.
Mr.Chu:
Yes,Ihopeso.
Mr.Richardson（readingMr.Chu'scard）:
Chu,Hon-fei.Hon-fei,I'llgiveyou
acalltomorrowassoonasIgetsettledatmyhotel.
MrChu（smiling）:
Yes,I'llexpectyourcall.
Whenthesetwomenseparate,theyleaveeachotherwithverydifferent
impressionsofthesituation.Mr.Richardsonisverypleasedtohavemadethe
acquaintanceofMr.Chuandfeelstheyhavegottenofftoaverygoodstart.They
haveestablishedtheirrelationshiponafirst-namebasisandMr.Chu'ssmileseemsto
1/26
indicatethathewillbefriendlyandeasytodobusinesswith.Mr.Richardsonisvery
particularlypleasedthathehastreatedMr.ChuwithrespectforhisChinese
backgroundbycallinghimHon-feiratherthanusingthewesternname,David,which
seemstohimanunnecessaryimpositionofwesternculture.
Incontrast,Mr.ChufeelsquiteuncomfortablewithMr.Richardson.Hefeelsit
willbedifficulttoworkwithhim,andthatMr.Richardsonmightberatherinsensitive
toculturaldifferences.HeisparticularlybotheredthatMr.Richardsonusedhisgiven
name,Hon-fei,insteadofeitherDavidorMr.Chu.
Howdoyouaccountfortheirdifferentimpressions?
Doescultureplayarolein
thecommunicationbetweenthesetwomen?
（Youmayturnto跨文化交际自学参考答案）
三、思考题：
1.Wehavelearnedsomecharacteristicsofculture.Forexample,cultureis
learned.Culturecanbelearnedthroughdiverseways,proverbsbeingoneof
them.Nowstudythefollowingproverbsanddecidewhatvalue（s）they
represent,whichofthemarestillstrongintheAmericancultureandthe
Chineseculturerespectively,andwhichdon'tapplyanylonger.
Proverbs
1.Bloodisthickerthanwater.
2.Sauceforthegooseissauceforthegander.
3.Toomanycooksspoilthebroth.
4.Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.
5.Godhelpsthosewhohelpthemselves.
6.Hastemakeswaste.
7.Timeismoney.
8.Aman'shomeishiscastle.
9.Thinkthreetimesbeforeyoutakeaction.
10.Modestymakesyouprogress。
conceitednessmakesyoulagbehind.
（Youmayturnto跨文化交际自学参考答案）
2.Readthefollowingandthinkaboutthequestions:
Someyearsago,severalinternationalbusinessmenwereonaconference
cruisewhentheshipbegantosink.“Gotellthosefellowstoputonlifejackets
andjumpoverboard,”thecaptaindirectedhisfirstmate.
Afewminuteslaterthefirstmatereturned.“Thoseguyswon'tjump,”he
reported.
“Takeover,”thecaptainordered,“AndI'llseewhatIcando.”
Returningmomentslater,heannounced,“They'regone.”
“How'dyoudoit?
”askedthefirstmate.
“Itolddifferentthingstodifferentpeople.ItoldtheEnglishmanitwasthe
sportingthingtodo,andhejumped.ItoldtheFrenchmanitwas_____。
the
Germanthatitwasacommand。
theItalianthatitwas______。
theRussian
thatitwas_____。
sotheyjumpedoverboard.”
“AndhowdidyougettheAmericantojump?
”
“Noproblem,”saidthecaptain,“Itoldhimhewas______!
”
Questions:
1）Canyoudecidetowhomeachofthefollowingwordswasactuallyusedbythe
captain?
2/26
Revolutionaryforbiddenchicinsured
2）IftherehadbeenaChinesebusinessmanonboard,whatshouldthecaptainsayin
ordertomakehimjumpoverboard?
3）Whatdoyouthinkofthestory?
Doesittellyousomethingthatistrueofpeopleof
thosedifferentnations?
（Youmayturnto跨文化交际自学参考答案）
PartTwoCommunicationandCulture
一、讨论题
1.Studythefollowingtwoversionsofthesamespokendiscoursepresentedina
businessmeetingbetweenaHongKongChineseandanAnglo—NorthAmerican
businessman.Decideinsmallgroups,whichonemightbegivenbyaChineseand
whichbyanAmerican.Why？
A.BecausemostofourproductionisdoneinChinanow,andit'snotreallycertain
howHongKongwillbelikeafter1997,andsinceIthinkacertainamountofcaution
incommittingtoTVadvertisementisnecessarybecauseoftheexpense.So,Isuggest
thatwedelaymakingourdecisionuntilafterLegcomakesitsdecision.（Scollon&
Scollon,2000）
B.IsuggestthatwedelaymakingourdecisionuntilafterLegcomakesitsdecision.
That'sbecauseIthinkacertainamountofcautionincommittingtoTVadvertisement
isnecessarybecauseoftheexpense.Inadditiontothat,mostofourproductionis
doneinChinanow,andit'snotreallycertainhowHongKongwillbelikeafter
1997.（Scollon&Scollon,2000）
（Youmayturnto跨文化交际自学参考答案）
2.Canyoufindsomecasesinwhich是inChinesedoesnotmean“yes”in
English?
3.HowwouldyouputthefollowingintoChinese?
a）Doyoulikethenewschool?
Yes,Iwill.
b）Pleasedon'tsaythat.---Yes,Iwill.
c）Iknowwhathewants.---Yes?
---Money!
d）Waiter!
---Yes,sir.
e）Yes?
---I'dliketwotickets,please.
f）Everythingwillbeallrightsoon,yes?
Saying“no”seemstobemorecomplicated.
Sometimes“no”maymean“maybe”giventherighttimeandcircumstances.
Thisisquiteimportantininterpersonalrelationsandinpolitics.Lookatthe
followingsex-biasedjoke:
What'sthedifferencebetweenaladyandadiplomat?
Whenadiplomatsays“yes”,hemeansmaybe.
Whenadiplomatsays“maybe”,hemeansno.
Whenadiplomatsays“no”,he'snodiplomat.
Whenaladysays“no”,shemeans“maybe”.
Whenaladysays“maybe”,shemeans“yes”.
Whenaladysays“yes”,she'snoladyall!
4.Whatareyougoingtodoifyouareinthefollowingsituations?
Whyorwhy
not?
3/26
A.Whenyouareofferedadrinkthetasteofwhichyoufindveryunpleasant.
B.Whenyourfriendsaskifyouwillgotoapicnicwiththemandyoudonotfeellike
going.
C.WhenyouareaskedaboutthemeaningofanEnglishwordthatyoudonotknow.
D.Whenyouareaskedwhetheryouagreewithaprofessor'sideaaboutlearning
Englishthatyoudonotquiteappreciate
E.Whenyoufindyourselfinclassunabletoanswerthequestiontheteacherasksyou.
F.Whensomeoneasksforyourfinishedhomeworktocopyandyoudonotliketo
comply.
G.Whenyouareaskedbyyourparentsaboutyourproblemsinyourstudiesandyou
donotreallyliketo.
5.WhydopeopleincountrieslikeJapanandChinaoftenrefusetosay“no”
directly?
6.Whatproblemsmayariseininterculturalcommunicationbecauseofsuch
indirectwaysofsaying“no”?
二、思考题
1.Thefollowingaretwoletters,oneinChineseandtheotherinEnglish.
Comparethemtoseeifthereissimilarityintheirdiscoursepatterns.
尊敬的节目主持人：
我作为贵台英语教案节目和《你喜欢的歌》节目的忠实听众已有好几年的历史了。
我认为贵台的这两个节目办得非常好。
请让我做个自我介绍：
我是一名中学生，今年十八岁，我的家乡是一个边疆小城，文化活动办得也不错。
由于我是喜欢学习英语，所这方面的电台节目比较注意，但是因为中央人民广播电台的英语节目比较深奥，不适合我学习，所以我一直从贵台的英语节目里得到听力、会话能力训练。
这种训练使我受益匪浅。
随着课程难度一步步的提高，我深感没有一本教材，学习回遇到很多困难。
因为这个原因，我抽出时间给贵台写这封信，希望能得到一本贵台英语节目的教材。
教材的费用请来信告知。
另外，我希望得到贵台印制的年历，并祝您们的节目办得更加有趣。
DearProfessorX,
Howareyou?
Pleasepardonmeforbotheringyouwhileyouaresobusy.But
thereisonethingonwhichIneedyourhelp.
IamaloverofEnglish,butforalongtimeIhavenotbeenabletostudyEnglish
systemically.NowIamstayingathomeonsickleaveanditoccurredtomethatI
shouldtakeitupseriously.IwenttotheForeignLanguageBookStoreinour
provincialcapitalandhadalook.IfoundtheEnglishtextbook,whichyouedited,
suitsmylevel.Butthestorehadnotapes.CouldyoupleasetellmewhereIcanget
thetapesthroughmailorderandhowmuchIneedtopay?
Besides,thetextbookhas
onlytwovolumes.Istheresupplementarymaterialtoaccompanythem?
CanIget
boththebooksandthetapesthroughmailorder?
Iamalmostthirtyyearsold,butlearnedonlyatsecondaryschool.Ilikeitvery
muchanditwillbeusefulforfuturework.SoIwanttobeginfromthebeginningand
Iwonderifthebookisrightforme.
Ilookforwardtohearingfromyou.
Questions
1）Whatdoyouthinkofthetwolettersabove?
Whatdotheyhaveincommon
thoughtheyarewrittenindifferentlanguages?
2）Whenyouaremakingarequ
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