专八改错真题及答案之令狐文艳创作Word格式.docx

专八改错真题及答案之令狐文艳创作Word格式.docx

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newwordsandnewmeaningsforfamiliarwords,speciallyinour7.______

ownfirstlanguage.Butsometimesweneedtoask,asIshouldhave

askedforPlush,andthisisparticularlytrueinthe8.______

aspectofaforeignlanguage.Ifyouarecontinuallysurroundedby9.______

speakersofthelanguageyouarelearning,youcanaskthemdirectly,

butoftenthisopportunitydoesnotexistforthelearnerofEnglish.

Sodictionarieshavebeendevelopedtomendthegap.10.______

2014改错

Thereiswidespreadconsensusamongscholarsthatsecondlanguageacquisition（SLA）emergedasadistinctfieldofresearchfromthelate1950stoearly1960s.

　　Thereisahighlevelofagreementthatthefollowingquestions

（1）______

　　havepossessedthemostattentionofresearchersinthisarea:

（2）______

　　lIsitpossibletoacquireanadditionallanguageinthe

　　samesenseoneacquiresafirstlanguage?

（3）______

　　lWhatistheexplanationforthefactadultshave（4）______

　　moredifficultyinacquiringadditionallanguagesthanchildrenhave?

　　lWhatmotivatespeopletoacquireadditionallanguage?

　　lWhatistheroleofthelanguageteachinginthe（5）______

　　acquisitionofadditionallanguages?

　　lWhatsocial-culturalfactors,ifany,arerelevantinstudyingthe

　　learningofadditionallanguages?

　　Fromacheckoftheliteratureofthefielditisclearthatall（6）______

　　theapproachesadoptedtostudythephenomenaofSLAsofarhave

　　onethingincommon:

Theperspectiveadoptedtoviewtheacquiring

　　ofanadditionallanguageisthatofanindividualattemptstodo（7）______

　　so.Whetheronelabelsit“learning”or“acquiring”anadditional

　　language,itisanindividualaccomplishmentorwhatisunder（8）______

　　focusisthecognitive,psychological,andinstitutionalstatusofan

　　individual.Thatis,thespotlightisonwhatmentalcapabilitiesare

　　involving,whatpsychologicalfactorsplayaroleinthelearning（9）______

　　oracquisition,andwhetherthetargetlanguageislearntinthe

　　classroomoracquiredthroughsocialtouchwithnativespeakers.（10）______

2013专八短文改错试题．

Psycho-linguisticsisthenamegiventothestudyofthepsychologicalprocesses

involvedinlanguage.Psycholinguisticsstudyunderstanding,

productionandrememberinglanguage,andhenceareconcernedwith

（1）_____

listening,reading,speaking,writing,andmemoryforlanguage.

Onereasonwhywetakethelanguageforgrantedisthatitusually

（2）______

happenssoeffortlessly,andmostoftime,soaccurately.（3）______

Indeed,whenyoulistentosomeonetospeaking,orlookingatthispage,（4）______

younormallycannothelpbutunderstandit.Itisonlyinexceptional

circumstanceswemightbecomeawareofthecomplexity（5）______

involved:

ifwearesearchingforawordbutcannotrememberit;

ifarelativeorcolleaguehashadastrokewhichhasinfluenced（6）______

theirlanguage;

ifweobserveachildacquirelanguage;

if（7）______

wetrytolearnasecondlanguageourselvesasanadult;

or

ifwearevisuallyimpairedorhearing-impairedorifwemeet

anyoneelsewhois.Asweshallsee,alltheseexamples（8）______

ofwhatmightbecalled“languageinexceptionalcircumstances”

revealagreatdealabouttheprocessesevolvedinspeaking,（9）______

listening,writingandreading.Butgiventhatlanguageprocesses

werenormallysoautomatic,wealsoneedtocarryoutcareful（10）______

experimentstogetatwhatishappening.

2012年

Thecentralproblemoftranslatinghasalwaysbeenwhethertotranslateliterallyorfreely.Theargumenthasbeengoingsinceatleastthefirst

（1）______

centuryB.C.Uptothebeginningofthe19thcentury,manywriters

favouredcertainkindof“free”translation:

thespirit,nottheletter;

the

（2）_______

sensenottheword;

themessagerathertheform;

thematternot（3）_______

themanner.Thisistheoftenrevolutionarysloganofwriterswho（4）_______

wantedthetruthtobereadandunderstood.Thenintheturnof19th（5）_______

century,whenthestudyofculturalanthropologysuggestedthat

thelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperableandthatthelanguage（6）_______

wasentirelytheproductofculture,theviewtranslationwasimpossible（7）_______

gainedsomecurrency,andwithitthat,ifwasattemptedatall,itmustbeas（8）_______

literalaspossible.Thisviewculminatedthestatementofthe（9）_______

extreme“literalists”WalterBenjaminandVladimirNobokov.

Theargumentwastheoretical:

thepurposeofthetranslation,the

natureofthereadership,thetypeofthetext,wasnotdiscussed.Too

often,writer,translatorandreaderwereimplicitlyidentifiedwith

eachother.Now,thecontexthaschanged,andthebasicproblemremains.（10）_____

2011年专八真题改错部分

　Fromaveryearlyage,perhapstheageoffiveorsix,Iknew

thatwhenIgrewIshouldbeawriter.Betweentheagesofabout 

1__________

seventeenandtwenty-fourItriedtoabandonthisidea,butIdidso

withtheconsciencethatIwasoutragingmytruenatureandthat 

2___________

soonorlaterIshouldhavetosettledownandwritebooks. 

3___________

Iwasthechildofthree,buttherewasagapoffiveyears 

4__________

oneitherside,andIbarelysawmyfatherbeforeIwaseight.For

thisandotherreasonsIwassomewhatlonely,andIsoondeveloped

disagreeingmannerismswhichmademeunpopularthroughoutmy 

5_____________

schooldays.Ihadthelonelychild'

shabitofmakingupstoriesand

holdingconversationswithimaginativepersons,andIthinkfrom 

6_________

theverystartmyliteralambitionsweremixedupwiththefeelingof 

7________

beingisolatedandundervalued.IknewthatIhadafacilitywithwords

andapoweroffacinginunpleasantfacts,andIfeltthatthiscreated 

8________

asortofprivateworldwhichIcouldgetmyownbackformyfailure 

9________

ineverydaylife.Therefore,thevolumeofserious—i.e.seriously 

10________

intended—writingwhichIproducedallthroughmychildhoodand

boyhoodwouldnotamounttohalfadozenpages.Iwrotemyfirst

poemattheageoffourorfive,mymothertakingitdowntodictation.

2010年专八真题改错部分

Sofaraswecantell,allhumanlanguagesareequally

completeandperfectasinstrumentsofcommunication:

thatis,

everylanguageappearstobewellequippedasanyothertosay 

1________________

thethingstheirspeakerswanttosay. 

2________________

Theremayormaynotbeappropriatetotalkaboutprimitive 

3________________

peoplesorcultures,butthatisanothermatter.Certainly,notall

groupsofpeopleareequallycompetentinnuclearphysicsor

psychologyorthecultivationofrice.Whereasthisisnotthe 

4_____________

faultoftheirlanguage.TheEskimos,itissaid,canspeakabout

snowwithfurthermoreprecisionandsubtletythanwecanin 

5______________

English,butthisisnotbecausetheEskimolanguage（oneofthose

sometimesmiscalled'

primitive'

）isinherentlymorepreciseand

subtlethanEnglish.Thisexampledoesnotcometolightadefect 

6______________

inEnglish,ashowofunexpected'

primitiveness'

.Thepositionis

simplyandobviouslythattheEskimosandtheEnglishliveinsimilar 

7____________

environments.TheEnglishlanguagewillbejustasrichinterms 

8____________

fordifferentkindsofsnow,presumably,iftheenvironmentsinwhich

Englishwashabituallyusedmadesuchdistinctionasimportant. 

9_____________

Similarly,wehavenoreasontodoubtthattheEskimolanguage

couldbeaspreciseandsubtleonthesubjectofmotormanufacture

orcricketifthesetopicsformedthepartoftheEskimos'

life. 

10____________

2009

Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhymepasses

fromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherdifference 

（1）___________

betweenschoolloreandnurserylore.Innurseryloreaverse, 

learntinearlychildhood,isnotusuallypassedonagainwhenthe 

（2）___________

littlelistener 

hasgrownup,andhaschildrenoftheirown,oreven 

（3）____________

grandchildren. 

Theperiodbetweenlearninganurseryrhymeand

transmitting 

itmaybesomethingfromtwentytoseventyyears.With 

（4）_____________

theplayground 

lore,therefore,arhymemaybeexcitedlypassed 

（5）___________

onwithintheveryhour 

itislearnt;

andinthegeneral,itpasses 

（6）_____________

betweenchildrenofthesameage,ornearlyso,sinceitisuncommon

forthedifferenceinagebetweenplaymatestobemorethanfive

years.If,therefore,aplaygroundrhymecanbeshowntohavebeen