英语四级1517年阅读真题及答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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snotentirelyreliable.Butitseemsreasonabletothinksunscreengivespeopleafalsesenseofsecurityinthesun.
Manypeoplealsodon'
tusesunscreenproperlyapplyinginsufficientamounts,failingtoreapplyafteracoupleofhoursandstayinginthesuntoolong.Itissunburnthatismostworryingrecentresearchshowsfiveepisodesofsunburnintheteenageyearsincreasestheriskofallskincancers.
Thegoodnewsisthatacombinationofsunscreenandcoveringupcanreducemelanomarates,asshownbyAustralianfiguresfromtheirslip-slop-slapcampaign.Soifthereisaheatwavethissummer,itwouldbebestforus,too,tosliponashirt,slopon(抹上)sunscreenandslaponahat.
56.Whatispeople'
scommonexpectationofahigh-factorsunscreen?
(B)
A.Itwilldelaytheoccurrenceofskincancer.
B.Itwillprotectthemfromsunburn.
C.Itwillkeeptheirskinsmoothandfair.
D.Itwillworkforpeopleofanyskincolor.
57.WhatdoestheresearchinNaturesayaboutahigh-factorsunscreen?
(A)
A.Itisineffectiveinpreventingmelanomas.
B.Itisineffectiveincaseofintensesunlight.
C.Itisineffectivewithlong-termexposure.
D.Itisineffectiveforpeoplewithfairskin.
58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011Australianstudyof1,621people?
(D)
A.Sunscreenshouldbeappliedalongsideotherprotectionmeasures.
B.High-riskpeoplebenefitthemostfromtheapplicationofsunscreen.
C.Irregularapplicationofsunscreendoeswomenmoreharmthangood.
D.Dailyapplicationofsunscreenhelpsreducetheincidenceofmelanomas.
59.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutthesecondAustralianstudy?
(C)
A.Itmisleadspeopletorelyonsunscreenforprotection.
B.Ithelpspeopletoselectthemosteffectivesunscreen.
C.Itisnotbasedondirectobservationofthesubjects.
D.ItconfirmstheresultsofthefirstAustralianstudy.
60.Whatdoestheauthorsuggesttoreducemelanomarates?
A.Usingbothcoveringupandsunscreen.
B.Stayingintheshadewheneverpossible.
C.Usingcoveringupinsteadofsunscreen.
D.Applyingtherightamountofsunscreen.
PassageTwo
Questions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Acrosstherichworld,well-educatedpeopleincreasinglyworklongerthantheless-skilled.Some65%ofAmericanmenaged62-74withaprofessionaldegreeareintheworkforce,comparedwith32%ofmenwithonlyahigh-schoolcertificate.Thisgapispartofadeepeningdividebetweenthewell-educatedwell-offandtheunskilledpoor.Rapidtechnologicaladvancehasraisedtheincomesofthehighlyskilledwhilesqueezingthoseoftheunskilled.Theconsequences,forindividualsandsociety,areprofound.
Theworldisfacinganastonishingriseinthenumberofoldpeople,andtheywilllivelongerthaneverbefore.Overthenext20yearstheglobalpopulationofthoseaged65ormorewillalmostdouble,from600millionto1.1billion.Theexperienceofthe20thcentury,whengreaterlongevity(长寿)translatedintomoreyearsinretirementratherthanmoreyearsatwork,haspersuadedmanyobserversthatthisshiftwillleadtoslowereconomicgrowth,whiletheswellingranksofpensionerswillcreategovernmentbudgetproblems.
Butthenotionofasharpdivisionbetweentheworkingyoungandtheidleoldmissesanewtrend,thegrowinggapbetweentheskilledandtheunskilled.Employmentratesarefallingamongyoungerunskilledpeople,whereasolderskilledfolkareworkinglonger.ThedivideismostextremeinAmerica,wherewell-educatedbaby-boomers(二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人)areputtingoffretirementwhilemanyless-skilledyoungerpeoplehavedroppedoutoftheworkforce.
Policyispartlyresponsible.ManyEuropeangovernmentshaveabandonedpoliciesthatusedtoencouragepeopletoretireearly.Risinglifeexpectancy(预期寿命),combinedwiththereplacementofgenerousdefmed-benefitpensionplanswithlessgenerousdefined-contributionones,meansthateventhebetter-offmustworklongertohaveacomfortableretirement.Butthechangingnatureofworkalsoplaysabigrole.Payhasrisensharplyforthehighlyeducated,andthosepeoplecontinuetoreaprichrewardsintooldagebecausethesedaystheeducatedelderlyaremoreproductivethantheprecedinggeneration.Technologicalchangemaywellreinforcethatshift:
theskillsthatcomplementcomputers,frommanagementknowhowtocreativity,donotnecessarilydeclinewithage.
61.Whatishappeningintheworkforceinrichcountries?
A.Youngerpeoplearereplacingtheelderly.
B.Well-educatedpeopletendtoworklonger.
C.Unemploymentratesarerisingyearafteryear.
D.Peoplewithnocollegedegreedonoteasilyfindwork.
62.Whathashelpeddeepenthedividebetweenthewell-offandthepoor?
A.Longerlifeexpectancies.
B.Arapidtechnologicaladvance.
C.Profoundchangesintheworkforce.
D.Agrowingnumberofthewell-educated.
63.Whatdomanyobserverspredictinviewoftheexperienceofthe20thcentury?
A.Economicgrowthwillslowdown.
B.Governmentbudgetswillincrease.
C.Morepeoplewilltrytopursuehighereducation.
D.Therewillbemorecompetitioninthejobmarket.
64.WhatistheresultofpolicychangesinEuropeancountries?
A.Unskilledworkersmaychoosetoretireearly.
B.Morepeoplehavetoreceivein-servicetraining.
C.Evenwealthypeoplemustworklongertolivecomfortablyinretirement.
D.Peoplemaybeabletoenjoygenerousdefined-benefitsfrompensionplans.
65.Whatischaracteristicofworkinthe21stcentury?
A.Computerswilldomorecomplicatedwork.
B.Morewillbetakenbytheeducatedyoung.
C.Mostjobstobedonewillbethecreativeones.
D.Skillsarehighlyvaluedregardlessofage.
2015.6
(二)
Questions56t060arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Theendlessdebateabout“work—lifebalance”oftencontainsahopefulfootnoteaboutstayathomedads.IfAmericansocietyandbusinesswon’tmakeiteasieronfuturefemaleleaderswhochoosetohavechildren,thereisstilltherayofhopethatincreasingnumbersoffull—timefatherswill.Butbasedontoday’ssocioeconomictrends,thishopeis,unfortunately,misguided.
It’struethatthenumberofmenwhohaveleftworktodotheirthingasfull—timeparentshasdoubledinadecade,butit’sstillverysmall:
only0.8%ofmarriedcoupleswherethestay—at—hornefatherwasoutofthelaborforceforayear.Eventhatpercentageislikelyinflatedbymenthrustintotheircaretakerrolebyadownsizing.Thisissimplynotalargeenoughgrouptoreducethesocialstigma(污名)andforceotheradjustmentsnecessarytosupportingmeninthisdecision.evenifonlyworkmorethantheirfamily.
Evenshortertimesawayfromworkforworkingfathersarealreadydifficult.Astudyfoundthat85%ofnewfatherstakesometimeoffafterthebirthofachild—butforallbutafew.it’saweekortwoatmost.Meanwhile,theaverageforwomenwhotakeleaveismorethanloweeks.
Suchchoicesimpactwhomovesupintheorganization.Whileyou’reaway,someoneelseisdoingyourwork,makingyoursales,takingcareofyourcustomers.Thatcan’thelpyouatwork.Itcanonlyhurtyou.Women,ofcourse,facethesameissuesofreturningafteralongabsence.Butwithmanymorewomenthanmenchoosingtoleavetheworkforceentirelytoraisefamilies,returningfromanextendedparentalleavedoesn’traiseasmanyeyebrowsasitdoesformen.
Womenwouldmakemoreiftheydidn’tbreaktheirearningtrajectorybyleavingtheworkforce,orifhigher-payingprofessionsweremorefamilyfriendly.Intheforeseeablefuture,Stayathomefathersmaymakeallthedifferenceforindividualfamilies.buttheirpresencewon’treducethenumbersofhighpotentialwomenwhoareforcedtochoosebetweenfamilyandcareer.
56.Whatgiveswomenarayofhopetoachieveworklifebalance?
A.Morementakinganextendedparentalleave.
B.People’schangingattitudestowardsfamily.
C.Morewomenenteringbusinessmanagement.
D.Theimprovementoftheirsocioeconomicstatus.
57.Whydoestheauthorsaythehopeformorefull—timefathersismisguided?
A.Womenarebetterattakingcareofchildren.
B.Manymenvalueworkmorethantheirfamily.
C.Theirnumberistoosmalltomakeadifference.
D.Notmanymenhavethechancetostayathome.
58.Whydofewmentakealongparentalleave?
A.Alongleavewillhaveanegativeimpactontheircareer.
B.Theyjusthavetoomanyresponsibilitiestofulfillatwork.
C.Theeconomiclosswillbetoomuchfortheirfamilyto