大学英语四级考试真题与答案Word文档格式.docx

大学英语四级考试真题与答案Word文档格式.docx

《大学英语四级考试真题与答案Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《大学英语四级考试真题与答案Word文档格式.docx（22页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

UniveraitiesBranchOut

Asneverbeforeintheirlongstory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnational

competitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthat

moveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainand

maintaincompetitiveadvantages.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflow

ofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforcefor

globalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecome

Moreself-consciousyglobal:

seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentire

rangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,

offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative

（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.0percent,from8000,000in1975to2.5millionin2994.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesidgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,2000participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunityandprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;

Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconducingfromaword-classscientistandhisU.S.team.

Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledoftheworldintheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheinternetinfrastructure（基础设施）andapplicationssoftwareof

the1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:

SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,and

Route128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofhismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.

Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearchuniversitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnational

Economicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationssincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.

Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericansuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.Theyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentsandlikeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengththenation;

andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished（珍视）valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewInstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.

此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

1．Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent–dayuniversitieshavebecome

A．moreandmoreresearch-oriented

B．in-servicetrainingorganizations

C．morepopularizedthaneverbefore

D．apowerfulforceforglobalintegration

2．Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased

A．by2.5millionB．by800,000

C．atanannualrateof3.9percent

D．atanannualrateof8percent

3．IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?

A．10%B．20%C．30%D．38%

4．HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?

A．Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy

B．Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics

C．TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram

D．Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship

5．Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis

A．Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch

B．Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects

C．Yale’sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions

D．Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld

6．WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?

A．IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard

B．ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany

C．ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity

D．ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup

7．WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?

A．Ithasincreasedby3percent

B．Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears

C．Ithasbeenmorethansufficient

D．Itdoubledbetween1998and2003

8．ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.SafterSeptember11wascausedby

9．ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill

10．ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand

PartⅢListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

Direction:

Inhissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

11.A）Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.C）Shewassomewhatoverweight

B）Shewaspopularamongboys.D）Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.

12.A）Atheairport.C）Inabookingoffice.

B）Inarestaurant.D）Atthehotelreception.

13.A）Teachinghersonbyherself.C）Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.

B）Havingconfidenceinherson.D）Tellinghersonnottoworry.

14.A）Haveashortbreak.C）Continueherworkoutdoors.

B）Taketwoweeksoff.D）Goonvacationwiththeman.

15.A）Heistakingcareofthistwinbrother.C）HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.

C）Hehabeenfeelingillallweek.D）Hehasbeeninperfect