大学英语四级真题word打印版.docx
《大学英语四级真题word打印版.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学英语四级真题word打印版.docx(28页珍藏版)》请在冰点文库上搜索。
大学英语四级真题word打印版
大学英语新四级考试
PartⅠWriting
Directions:
Forthis,part,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofHowShouldParentsHelpChildrentoBeIndependent?
Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelow."
1.目前不少父母为孩子包办一切
2.为了孩子独立,父母应该……
PartⅡReadingComprehension(SKimmingandScanning)
Directions:
Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.
AGrassrootsRemedy
Mostofusspendourlivesseekingthenaturalworld.Tothisend,wewalkthedog,playgolf,gofishing,sitinthegarden,drinkoutsideratherthaninsidethepub,haveapicnic,liveinthesuburbs,gototheseaside,buyaweekendplaceinthecountry.ThemostpopularleisureactivityinBritainisgoingforawalk.Andwhenjoggers(慢跑者)jog,theydon'trunthestreets.Everyoneoftheminstinctivelyheadstotheparkortheriver.Itismyprofoundbeliefthatnotonlydoweallneednature,butweallseeknature,whetherweknowwearedoingsoornot.
Butdespitethis,ourchildrenaregrowingupnature-deprived(丧失).IspentmyboyhoodclimbingtreesonStreathamCommon,SouthLondon.Thesedays,childrenarerobbedoftheseancientfreedoms,duetoproblemslikecrime,traffic,thelossoftheopenspacesandoddnewperceptionsaboutwhatisbestforchildren,thatistosay,thingsthatcanbebought,ratherthanthingsthatcanbefound.
Thetruthistobefoundelsewhere.AstudyintheUS:
familieshadmovedtobetterhousingandthechildrenwereassessedforADHD—attentiondeficithyperactivitydisorder(多动症).Thosewhoseaccommodationhadmorenaturalviewsshowedanimprovementof19%;thosewhohadthesameimprovementinmaterialsurroundingsbutnoniceview-improvedjust4%.
AstudyinSwedenindicatedthatkindergardenchildrenwhocouldplayinanaturalenvironmenthadlessillnessandgreaterphysicalabilitythanchildrenusedonlytoanormalplayground.AUSstudysuggestedthatwhenaschoolgavechildrenaccesstoanaturalenvironment,academiclevelswereraisedacrosstheentireschool.
Anotherstudyfoundthatchildrenplaydifferentlyinanaturalenvironment.Inplaygrounds,childrencreateahierarchy(等级)basedonphysicalabilities,withthetoughonestakingthelead.Butwhenagrassyareawasplantedwithbushes,thechildrengotmuchmoreintofantasyplay,andthesocialhierarchywasnowbasedonimaginationsandcreativity.
Mostbullying(恃强凌弱)isfoundinschoolswherethereisatarmac(柏油碎石)playground;theleastbullyingisinanaturalareathatthechildrenareencouragedtoexplore.ThisremindsmeunpleasantlyofSunnyhillSchoolinStreamham,withitsharshtarmac,whereIusedtohangaboutincomersfantasisingaboutwildlife.
Butchildrenarefrequentlydiscouragedfrominvolvementwithnaturalspaces,forhealthandsafetyreasons,forfearthattheymightgetdirtyorthattheymightcausedamage.So,instead,thedamageisdonetothechildrenthemselves:
nottotheirbodiesbuttotheirsouls.
OneofthegreatproblemsofmodemchildhoodisADHD,nowincreasinglyandexpensivelytreatedwithdrugs.YetonestudyafteranotherindicatesthatcontactwithnaturegiveshugebenefitstoADHDchildren.However,wespendmoneyondrugsratherthanongreenplaces.
Thelifeofoldpeopleismeasurablybetterwhentheyhaveaccesstonature.Theincreasingemphasisforthegrowingpopulationofoldpeopleisinqualityratherthanquantityofyears.Andstudyafterstudyfindsthatagardenisthesinglemostimportantthinginfindingthatquality.
Inwiderandmoredifficultareasoflife,thereisevidencetoindicatethatnaturalsurroundingsimproveallkindsofthings.Evenproblemswithcrimeandaggressivebehaviourarereducedwhenthereiscontactwiththenaturalworld.
DrWilliamBird,researcherfromtheRoyalSocietyfortheProtectionofBirds,statesinhisstudy."Anaturalenvironmentcanreduceviolentbehaviourbecauseitsrestorativeprocesshelpsreduceangerandimpulsivebehaviour."Wildplacesneedencouragingforthisreason,nomatterhowsmalltheircontribution.
Wetendtolookonnatureconservationassomekindoffavourthathumanbeingsaregrantingtothenaturalworld.Theerrorhereisfartoodeep:
notonlydohumansneednatureforthemselves,buttheveryideathathumanityandthenaturalworldareseparablethingsisprofoundlydamaging.
Humanbeingsareaspeciesofmammals(哺乳动物).Forsevenmillionyearstheylivedontheplanetaspartofnature.Ourancestralselvesmissthenaturalworldandlongforcontactwithnon-humanlife.Anyonewhohaspattedadog,strokedacat,satunderatreewithapintofbeer,givenorreceivedabunchofflowersorchosentowalkthroughtheparkonniceday,understandsthat.
Weneedthewildworld.Itisessentialtoourwell-being,ourhealth,ourhappiness.Withoutthewildworldwearenotmorebutlesscivilized.Withoutotherlivingthingsarounduswearelessthanhuman.
Fivewaystofindharmonywiththenaturalworld
Walk:
Breaktherhythmofpermanentlybeingunderaroof.Getoffastopearlier,makeacircuitoftheparkatlunchtime,walkthechildtoandfromschool,getadog,feelyourselfmovinginmovingair,look,listen,absorb.
Sit:
Takeamoment,everynowandthen,tobestillinanopenspace.Inthegarden,anywherethat'snotintheoffice,anywhereoutofthehouse,awayfromtheroutine.Situnderatree,lookatwater,feelrefreshed,eversoslightlyrenewed.
Drink:
Thebestwaytoenjoythenaturalworldisbyyourself;thesecondbestwayisincompany.Takeadrinkoutsidewithagoodperson,agoodgathering:
talkwiththesunandthewindwithbirdsongforbackground.
Learn:
Expandyourboundaries.Learnfivespeciesofbirds,fivebutterflies,fivetrees,fivebirdsongs.Thatway,youseeandhearmore:
andyourmindresponds,graduallytothegreateramountofwildnessinyourlife.
Travel:
Theplacesyoualwayswantedtovisit:
bytheseaside,inthecountry,inthehills.Takeaweekendbreak,aday-trip,getoutthereanddoit;forthescenery,forthewaythroughthewoods,forthebirds,forthebees.Gosomewherespecialandbringspecialnesshome.Itlastsforever,afterall.
1.Whatistheauthor'sprofoundbelief?
A)Peopleinstinctivelyseeknatureindifferentways.
B)Peopleshouldspendmostoftheirlivesinthewild.
C)Peoplehavequitedifferentperceptionsofnature.
D)Peoplemustmakemoreeffortstostudynature.
2.Whatdoestheauthorsaypeoplepreferfortheirchildrennowadays?
A)Peoplefreedom.
B)Thingsthatarenatural.
C)Urbansurroundings.
D)Thingsthatarepurchased.
3.WhatdoesastudyinSwedenshow?
A)Thenaturalenvironmentcanhelpchildrenlearnbetter.
B)Moreaccesstothenaturemakeschildrenlesslikelytofallill.
C)Agoodplaygroundhelpskidsdeveloptheirphysicalabilities.
D)NaturalviewscanpreventchildrenfromdevelopingADHD.
4.Childrenwhohavechancestoexplorenaturalareas______.
A)tendtodevelopastrongloveforscience.
B)aremorelikelytofantasiseaboutwildlife.
C)tendtobephysicallytougherinadulthood.
D)arelesslikelytobeinvolvedinbullying.
5.WhatdoestheauthorsuggestwedotohelpchildrenwithADHD?
A)Findmoreeffectivedrugsforthem.
B)Providemoregreenspacesforthem.
C)Placethemundermorepersonalcare.
D)Engagetheminmoremeaningfulactivities.
6.Inwhatwaydoelderlypeoplebenefitfromtheircontactwithnature?
A)Theylookonlifeoptimistically.
B)Theyenjoyalifeofbetterquality.
C)Theyareabletolivelonger.
D)Theybecomegood-humored.
7.DrwilliamBirdsuggestsinhisstudythat______.
A)humanityandnaturearecomplementarytoeachother.
B)wildplacesmayinduceimpulsivebehaviourinpeople.
C)accesstonaturecontributestothereductionofviolence.
D)ittakesalongtimetorestorenatureoncedamaged.
8.Itisextremelyharmfultothinkthathumanityandthenaturalworldcanbe______.
9.Theauthorbelievesthatwewouldnotbesocivilisedwithout______.
10.Thefivesuggestionstheauthorgivesattheendofthepassagearemeanttoencouragepeopletoseek______withthenaturalworld.
PartⅢListeningComprehension
SectionA
Directions:
Inthissectionyouwillhear8shortconversationasand2longeonversationa.AttheendofeachconversationoneormorequeastionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaidBoththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourehoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichthebestanswerTheemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroghthecentre.
11.A)Themanshouldvisitthemuseums.
B)Shecan'tstandthehotweather.
C)Thebeachresortisagoodchoice.
D)SheenjoysstayinginWashington.
12.A)Hernewresponsibilitiesinthecompany.
B)Whatherjobprospectsare.
C)Whatthecustomers'feedbackis.
D)Thedirector'sopinionofherwork.
13.A)Combinehertrainingwithdieting.
B)Repeatthetrainingeverythreedays.
C)Avoidexcessivephysicaltraining.
D)Includeweightliftingintheprogram.
14.A)Whenshewillreturnhome.
B)Whethershecangobyherself.
C)Whethershecantravelbyair.
D)Whenshewillcompletelyrecover.
15.A)Thewomanknowshow-todealwiththepolice.
B)Thewomanhadbeenfinedmanytimesbefore.
C)Thewomanhadviolatedtrafficregulations.
D)Thewomanisgoodatfindingexcused.
16.A)Switchofftherefrigeratorforawhile.
B)Havesomeone