亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案06Word文件下载.doc

亨格瑞管理会计英文第15版练习答案06Word文件下载.doc

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65,66,67,68,70

LO3:

Choosewhethertoaddordeleteaproductlineusingrelevantinformation.

B3

36

LO4:

Computetheoptimalproductmixwhenproductionisconstrainedbyascarceresource.

A2,B2

35

51,53

LO5:

Decidewhetherajointproductshouldbeprocessedbeyondthesplit-offpoint.

A3,B4

37,38

54,55

69

LO6:

Decidewhethertokeeporreplaceequipment.

A4,B5

40

57,59

LO7:

Identifyirrelevantandmisspecifiedcosts.

26,39,41

52,58,64

71

LO8:

Discusshowperformancemeasurescanaffectdecisionmaking.

B6

43

60

RelevantInformationandDecisionMakingWithaFocusonOperationalDecisions

6-A1 （20min）

1. Thekeytothisquestioniswhatwillhappentothefixedoverheadcostsifproductionoftheboxesisdiscontinued.Assumethatall$60,000offixedcostswillcontinue.Then,SunshineStatewilllose$20,000bypurchasingtheboxesfromWeyerhaeuser:

PaymenttoWeyerhaeuser,80,000×

$2.10 $168,000

Costssaved,variablecosts 148,000

Additionalcosts $20,000

2. Somesubjectivefactorsare:

·

MightWeyerhaeuserraisepricesifSunshineStatecloseddownitsbox-makingfacility?

Willsub-contractingtheboxproductionaffectthequalityoftheboxes?

Isatimelysupplyofboxesassured,evenifthenumberneededchanges?

DoesSunshineStatesacrificeproprietaryinformationwhendisclosingtheboxspecificationstoWeyerhaeuser?

3. Inthiscasethefixedcostsarerelevant.However,itisnotthedepreciationontheoldequipmentthatisrelevant.Itisthecostofthenewequipment.Annualcostsavingsbynotproducingtheboxesnowwillbe:

Variablecosts $148,000

Investmentavoided（annualized） 80,000

Totalsaved $228,000

ThepaymenttoWeyerhaeuseris$228,000-$168,000=$60,000lessthanthesavings,soSunshineStatewouldbe$60,000betteroffsubcontractingtheproductionoftheboxes.

6-A2 （10min.）

1. Contributionmargins:

Plain=$70-$55=$15

Professional=$100-$75=$25

Contributionmarginratios:

Plain=$15÷

$70=21.4%

Professional=$25÷

$100=25%

2. PlainProfessional

a. Unitsperhour 2 1

b. Contributionmarginperunit $15 $25

Contributionmarginperhour $30 $25

Totalcontributionfor20,000hours $600,000 $500,000

3. Theplaincircularsawsarethebestuseofthescarcemachinehours.Foragivencapacity,thecriterionformaximizingprofitsistoobtainthegreatestpossiblecontributiontoprofitforeachunitofthelimitingorscarcefactor.Moreover,fixedcostsareirrelevantunlesstheirtotalisaffectedbythechoiceofproducts.

6-A3 （15min.）Tableisinthousandsofdollars.

1,2. （a） （b） （a）-（b） （c） （a）-（b）-（c）

Separable

Sales Sales Costs Incremental

Beyond at Incremental Beyond Gainor

Split-Off Split-Off Sales Split-Off （Loss）

A 230 54 176 190 （14）

B 330 32 298 300

（2）

C 175 54 121 100 21

IncreaseinoveralloperatingincomefromfurtherprocessingofA,B,andC 5

TheincrementalanalysisindicatesthatProductCshouldbeprocessedfurther,butProductsAandBshouldbesoldatsplit-off.Theoveralloperatingincomewouldbe$44,000,asfollows:

Sales:

$54,000+$32,000+$175,000 $261,000

Jointcostofgoodssold $117,000

Separablecostofgoodssold 100,000 217,000

Operatingincome $44,000

Comparethiswiththepresentoperatingincomeof$28,000.Thatis,$230,000+$330,000+$175,000-（$190,000+$300,000+$100,000+$117,000）=$28,000.Theextra$16,000ofoperatingincomecomesfromeliminatingthe$16,000lossresultingfromprocessingProductsAandBbeyondthesplit-offpoint.

6-A4 （30-40min.）

Problem6-60isanextensionofthisproblem.Thetwoproblemsmakeagoodcombination.

1. Operatinginflowsforeachyear,oldmachine:

$910,000-（$810,000+$60,000） $40,000

Operatinginflowsforeachyear,newmachine:

$910,000-（$810,000+$22,000*） $78,000

*$60,000-$38,000

Cashflowstatements（inthousandsofdollars）:

Keep Replace

Three Three

Year Years Years Year Years Years

1 2&

3 Together 1 2&

3 Together

Receipts,inflowsfromoperations 40 40 120 78 78 234

Disbursements:

Purchaseof"

old"

equipment （90）* -- （90） （90） -- （90）

new"

equipment:

Totalcostslessproceeds

fromdisposalof"

equipment（$99,000-$15,000） -- -- -- （84） -- （84）

Netcashinflow（outflow） （50） 40 30 （96） 78 60

* Assumesthattheoutlayof$90,000tookplaceonJanuary2,2010,orsometimeduring2010.Somestudentswillignorethisitem,assumingcorrectlythatitisirrelevanttothedecision.However,notethatastatementfortheentireyearwasrequested.

Thedifferenceforthreeyearstakentogetheris$60,000-$30,000=$30,000.Noteparticularlythatthe$90,000bookvaluecanbeomittedfromthecomparison.Merelycrossouttheentireline;

althoughthecolumntotalswillbeaffected,thenetdifferencewillstillbe$30,000.

2. Incomestatements（inthousandsofdollars）:

Years Years Year Years Years

1,2&

3 Together 1 2&

3 Together

Sales 910 2,730 910 910 2,730

Expenses:

Otherexpenses 810 2,430 810 810 2,430

Operatingofmachine 60 180 22 22 66

Depreciation 30 90* 33 33 99

Totalexpenses 900 2,700 865 865 2,595

Lossondisposal:

Proceeds（"

revenue"

） -- -- （15） -- （15）

Bookvalue（"

expense"

） -- -- 90 -- 90*

Loss -- -- 75 -- 75

Totalcharges 900 2,700 940 865 2,670

Netincome 10 30 （30） 45 60

*Asinpart

（1）,the$90,000bookvaluecanbeomittedfromthecomparisonwithoutchangingthe$30,000difference.Thiswouldmeandroppingthedepreciationitemof$30,000peryear（acumulativeeffectof$90,000）underthe"

keep"

alternative,anddroppingthebookvalueitemof$90,000inthelossondisposalcomputationunderthe"

buy"

alternative.

Differenceforthreeyearstogether,$60,000-$30,000=$30,000.

Notethemotivationalfactorshere.AmanagermaybereluctanttoreplacesimplybecausethelargelossondisposalwillseverelyharmtheprofitperformanceinYear1.

3. Thenetdifferenceforthethreeyearstakentogetherwouldbeunaffectedbecausetheitemisapastcost.Youcansubstituteanynumberfortheoriginal$90,000figurewithoutchangingthisanswer.

Forexample,examinehowtheresultswouldchangeinpart

（1）byinserting$1millionwherethe$90,000nowappears（inthousandsofdollars）:

Keep:

Replace:

ThreeYears ThreeYears

Together Together Difference

Receipts,inflowsfromoperations 120 234 114

Purchaseofoldequipment （1,000） （1,000） 0

Purchaseofnewequipment:

Grossprice （99）

Disposalproceedsof"

15 -- （84） （84）

Netcashoutflow （880） （850） 30

Insum,thismaybeahorriblesituation.Themanagerreallyblundered.Butkeepingtheoldequipmentwillcompoundtheblundertothecumulativetuneof$30,000overthenextthreeyears.

4. Diplomatically,Leeshouldtrytoconveythefollowing.Allofustendtoindulgeintheerroneousideathatwecansoothethewoundedprideofabadpurchasedecisionbyusingtheiteminsteadofreplacingit.Thefallacyisbelievingthatacurrentorfutureactioncaninfluencethelong-runimpactofapastoutlay.Allpastcostsaredownthedrain.Nothingcanchangewhathasalreadyhappened.The$90,000hasbeenspent.Subsequentaccountingfortheitemisirrelevant.Theschedulesinparts

（1）and

（2）clearlyshowthatwemaycompletelyignorethe$90,000originaloutlayandstillhaveacorrectanalysis.Theimportantpointisthatthe$90,000isnotanelementofdifferencebetweenalternativesand,therefore,maybesafelyignored.Theonlyrelevantitemsarethoseexpectedfutureitemsthatwilldifferbetweenalternatives.

5. The$90,000purchaseoftheoriginalequipment,thesales,andtheotherexpensesareirrelevantbecausetheyarecommontobothalternatives.Therelevantitemsarethefollowing（inthousandsofdollars）:

ThreeYears

Together

Keep Replace

Operatingofmachine

（3×

$60;

3×

$22） $180 $66

Incrementalcostofnewmachine:

Totalcost $99

Lessproceedsofoldmachine 15

Incrementalcost -- 84

Totalrelevantcosts $180 $150

Differenceinfavorofbuying $306-B1 （15-20min.）

1. Make Buy

Total PerUnit Total PerUnit

Purchasecost €10,000,000 €50

Directmaterial €5,500,000 €27.50

Directlabor 1,900,000 9.50

Factoryoverhead,variable 1,100,000 5.50

Factoryoverhead,fixed

avoided 900,000 4.50

Totalrelevantcosts €9,400,000 €47.00 €10,000,000 €50

Differenceinfavorofmaking €600,000 €3.00

Thenumericaldifferenceinfavorofmakingis€600,000or€3.00perunit.Therelevantfixedcostsare€900,000,not€3,000,000.

2. BuyandLeave

Make CapacityIdle BuyandRent

Rentrevenue -- -- €1,150,000

Obtainingofcomponents €（9,400,000） €（10,000,000） €（10,000,000）

Netrelevantcosts €（9,400,000） €（10,000,000） €（8,850,000）

Thefinalcolumnindicatesthatbuyingthecomponentsandrentingthevacatedcapacity