语言学概论教案文档格式.docx
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参考书目及
多媒体课件
教材
《新编简明语言学教程》（第二版）
参考书
《语言学概论》（第一版），杨信彰编
《语言学教程》（第四版），胡壮麟编
是否使用多媒体
是
设计
（包括章节学时分配、采取何种教学方法等）
第六章语用学（6学时）；
第七章语言变迁（6学时）
第八章语言和社会（4学时）；
第九章语言与文化（4学时）
第十章语言习得（4学时）；
第十一章二语习得（4学时）
采用教师为主导，学生为主题的教学模式，注重培养学生的系统思维能力和实际解决问题的能力，采用启发式、讨论式的教学方法，充分调动学生的积极性，发挥学生的能动性和创造性，并注重语言理论与实践结合起来，引导学生用理论解决学习中的实际问题。
备注：
1、选用教材及参考书须注明书名、出版社、出版年月等版本信息。
2、此页是针对整个课程而言的，放在教案首页。
CourseIntroduction
◆NatureoftheCourse
◆Compulsory:
2creditscores
◆Interestinganddull
◆Useful:
logicalthinkingtraining（theoriesareweapons）
TheRequirementsforthiscourse
◆Thefieldsofstudycoveredbylinguistics
◆Basicconcepts
◆Basictheories
◆Classattendance
◆Classroomdiscussion
◆Fulfillmentoftheassignment
◆Examination
Courseevaluation
◆GeneralPolicy
◆Regularattendance
◆Classparticipation
◆Finalexam
◆*NotetoCoursePolicy
AbsencePenalty:
2-scorepenaltyforeachabsence
ContributionAward:
2-5scoresforclasscontribution
TheGoalsforthisCourse
（whystudylanguage?
）
◆Togetascientificviewonlanguage;
◆Tounderstandsomebasictheoriesonlinguistics;
◆Tounderstandtheapplicationsofthelinguistictheories,especiallyinthefieldsoflanguageteaching&
learning（SLAorTEFL）,cross-culturalcommunication…;
◆Toprepareforthefutureresearchwork.
ReferenceBooks:
1.戴炜栋，何兆熊，（2002），《新编简明英语语言学教程》，上海外语教育出版社。
2.胡壮麟，（2001），《语言学教程》，北京大学出版社。
3.刘润清，（1995），《西方语言学流派》，外语教学与研究出版社。
CourseContents:
anoverview
chapter
6
Pragmatics
6.1
Some
basic
notions
6.1.1
Definition
6.1.2
Pragmatics
vs.semantics
6.1.3
Context
6.1.4
Sentence
meaning
vs.utterance
meaning
6.2
speech
act
theory
6.2.1
Austin'
s
model
of
acts
6.2.2
Searle'
classification
6.2.3
Indirect
6.3
Principle
conversation
6.4
Cross-cultural
pragmatic
failure
Revision
exercises
For
further
reading
7
Language
Change
7.1
Introduction
7.2
Phonological
changes
7.3
Morphological
and
syntactic
change
7.3.1
Addition
affixes
7.3.2
Loss
7.3.3
Change
word
order
7.3.4
in
negation
rule
7.4
Lexicaland
semantic
7.4.1
new
words
7.4.2
7.4.3
Semantic
7.5
recent
trends
7.5.1
Moving
towards
greater
informality
7.5.2
The
influence
american
english
7.5.3
sci.ence
technology
7.6
causes
language
8
Society
8.1
scope
sociolinguistics
8.1.1
relatedness
between
society
8.1.2
Speech
community
variety
8.1.3
Two
approaches
to
sociolinguistic
studies
8.2
Varieties
language
8.2.1
Dialectal
varieties
8.2.2
Register
8.2.3Degree
formality
8.3
Standard
dialect
8.4
Pidgin
creole
8.5
Bilingualism
diglossia
9
Culture
9.1
9.2
What
is
culture?
9.3
relationship
culture
9.4
Sapir-whorf
hypothesis
9.5
Linguistic
evidence
cultural
differences
9.5.1
Greetings
terms
address
9.5.2
Gratitude
compliments
9.5.3
Color
9.5.4
Privacy
taboos
9.5.5
Rounding
off
numbers
9.5.6
Words
cultural-specific
connotations
9.5.7
Cultural-related
idioms,
proverbs
metaphors
9.6
Culture
contact,
overlap
diffusion
9.7
significance
teaching
learning
9.8
Intercultural
communication
10
Acquisition
10.1
10.2
Theories
child
acquisition
10.2.1
Abehaviourist
view
10.2.2
An
innatist
10.2.3
iriteractionist
10.3
Cognitive
development
development
10.4
environment
the
critical
period
hypo-thesis
10.5
Stages
10.5.1
10.5.2
Vocabulary
10.5.3
Grammatical
10.5.4
Pragmatic
10.6
Atypical
11
Second
11.1
11.2
Connections
first
acquisition
second
11.3
Contrastive
analysis
11.4
Error
11.5
Interlanguage
11.6
role
native
11.7
learning
models
input
11.8
Individual
11.9
its
pedagogical
implications
《语言学概论》课程章节教案首页
章节
Chapter6Pragmatics
学时
6
班级
XXXXX
时间
XXX
教学目标与
要求
Enablethestudentstohaveabetterunderstandingofpragmaticsanditstwoimportant
theories;
Tohavethegeneralideaaboutpragmatics;
Tohaveabetterunderstandingofpragmaticsanditstwoimportanttheories.
教学重点与
难点
Focalpoints:
Speechacttheory,thetheoryofconversationalimplicature
Teachingdifficulties:
Speechacttheory,thecooperativeprincipleanditsfourmaxims
课堂教学方法
Mediainstruction
CommunicativeMethods:
answering,discussion,presentation,teamwork...
作业与思考题
Whatdoespragmaticsstudy?
Howdoesitdifferfromtraditionalsemantics?
Sentencemeaningandutterancemeaning
AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperformingwhilemakinganutterance.
WhatarethefivetypesofillocutionaryspeechactsSearlehasspecified?
Conversationalimplicature
WhatarethefourmaximsoftheCP?
注：
1．根据课程教学进度计划表填写章节教案首页；
2．教案或讲义正文附后，手书打印均可。
ChapterSix.Pragmatics
I.TeachingAims
1.Tohavethegeneralideaaboutpragmatics;
2.Tohaveabetterunderstandingofpragmaticsanditstwoimportanttheories.
II.Teachingimportantpoints
1.Speechacttheory;
locutionaryact
illocutionaryact
perlocutionaryact
2.Thetheoryofconversationalimplicature.
III.Teachingdifficultpoints
1.Speechacttheory;
2.Thecooperativeprincipleanditsfourmaxims.
IV.TeachingMethods
V.Teachinghours
6classperiods
VI.TeachingProcedures
I.PresentationwithPPT
（1）Whatdoespragmaticsstudy?
（2）Sentencemeaningandutterancemeaning
（3）AccordingtoAustin,whatarethethreeactsapersonispossiblyperforming
whilemakinganutterance.
（4）WhatarethefivetypesofillocutionaryspeechactsSearlehasspecified?
（5）Conversationalimplicature
（6）WhatarethefourmaximsoftheCP?
2.Lead-in/Warmingup
语用学是语言学研究中一个比较新的领域,语用学的兴起是语言学,特别是语义学发展和深入的结果。
通过本章的学习，首先要对语用学和传统语义学研究之间的关系，以及诸如语境和话语意义等语用研究中的一些基本概念有所了解。
同时，还要求对语用研究中最重要的理论—言语行为理论，和最主要的一条原则—会话原则有初步的了解，并能用来解释一些语言现象。
语用学是什么？
Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowspeakersusethesentencesofalanguagetoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.
Thedevelopmentofpragmaticswithinlinguisticsisthenecessaryconsequenceofthedevelopmentoflinguisticstudies,especiallythatofsemantics.Althoughbothpragmaticsandsemanticsbasicallystudymeaning,pragmaticsdiffersfromtraditionalsemanticsinthatitstudiesmeaningnotinisolationbutincontext.
Thestudyoflanguageinuseorthestudyofmeaningoflanguageincontext
Pragmaticsisacomparativelynewbranchofstudyintheareaoflinguistics.Itdevelopedinthe1960sand1970s.
Morrisfirstproposedtheword“pragmatics”inhis“FoundationsoftheTheoryofSigns”.Hesaidthatthestudyofsemioticsincludesthreeparts:
syntax（sign---sign）;
semantics（sign---word）;
pragmatics（sign---itsuser）.
1977JournalofPragmaticspublishedinHollandsignifiedthestartofpragmatics.
3.语境Context
Thenotionofcontextisessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage,it’sgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgesharedbythespeakerandthehearer.
Context–theknowledgesharedbythespeakerandhearer.
Johnislikeafish.
Itcanbe1.Johnswimswell（IfitissaidwhenJohnisswimming.）
2.Johncandrinkalotofwine.（ifitissaidataparty.）
3.Johnisascoldasfish.
4.Sentencemeaningvs.utterancemeaning
（1）Utterance–asentencewhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication.
Sentence
（2）Differencesbetweensentencemeaningandutterancemeaning
a.Sentencemeaningisabstract,anddecontextualized
句子意义Sentencemeaning
Itreferstoasentenceandisagrammaticalconcept,themeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedastheabstractintrinsicpropertyofthesentenceitselfintermsofpredication.
b.utterancemeaningisbasedonsentencemeaning;
itistherealizationoftheabstract
meaningofasentenceinarealsituationofcommunication,orsimplyinacontext.
话语意义Utterancemeaning
Itreferstoasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesandutteranceanditshouldbeconsideredinthesituationinwhichitisactuallyuttered.
5.Speechacttheory
Atheoryaboutlanguageusedto“dothings”,toperformact.
ThetheoryoriginatedwithBritishphilosopherJohnAustininthe50’softhe20thcenturyanddevelopedbyJ.R.
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