中考英语知识点谓语动词和主语的一致.docx

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中考英语知识点谓语动词和主语的一致.docx

中考英语知识点谓语动词和主语的一致

2018中考英语知识点:

谓语动词和主语的一致

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  新一轮中考复习备考周期正式开始,中考网为各位初三考生整理了各学科的复习攻略,主要包括中考必考点、中考常考知识点、各科复习方法、考试答题技巧等内容,帮助各位考生梳理知识脉络,理清做题思路,希望各位考生可以在考试中取得优异成绩!

下面是《2018中考英语知识点:

谓语动词和主语的一致》,仅供参考!

  谓语动词和主语的一致

  有些谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,特别是动词为现在时态时。

在一般现在时中,若主语为第三人称单数,多数动词都要加-s或-es,如:

Hecomes.Marycries。

如果主语不是第三人称单数,就不需加这样的词尾,如:

Icome.

  Theycry.而且,不管是作主要动词还是助动词,在第三人称单数的主语后都得用is,has,does这种形式,否则用are,am,have或do。

至于can,may,must这些助动词,在各种人称后形式不变:

  Hecomes.

  Heiswaiting,hascome,doesgo,iskind,hasafunnyface,doesnothingatall.

  Icome.

  Iamwaiting,havecome,dogo.Wearewaiting,havecome,dogo.

  Iamsorry.Theyarekind,havefunnyfaces,donothingatall.

  任何主语+mustcome.

  过去时可和住何主语一起用,只有was和were是例外。

was和第一第三人称单数主语一起用,其他主语都和were一起用,如:

  Hewasill.Iwasill.Theywereill.

  在将来时中主要是用shall或will,不需加词尾,如:

  Theywillcome,shallcome.

  Hewillcome,shallcome.

  ?

判断主语的人称不难,但判断它的数有时却并不容易。

至少有39种有关数上一致的问题,它们可以分为两大类。

  第一大类是哪个是主语的问题。

在这类中,决定哪个词或词组是主语比决定某个主语是单数还是复数更困难。

以下面句子为例:

  Thestudents,aswellastheteacher,areintheclass-room.

  Myguideisthestars.

  第二大类是主语是单数还是复数的问题。

在这类中,决定主语是单数还是复数比决定哪个是主语更困难:

  Billiardsismyfavoritegame.

  Thephenomenaisunbelievable.

  TheheadquartersisinLondon.

  1)第一大类:

哪个是主语?

  谓语动词通常跟在主语后面,但有时却放在主语前面,特别是在由who,which,how,when等疑问词或助动词引起的问句中:

  Whoarethey?

  Whichdoesshelikebest?

  HasyourwifecomebackfromParis?

  Aretheguestscelebratingherbirthday?

  在某些倒装句中,谓语动词有时放在主语前面:

  Ifyouarenotsatisfied,norisPeter.

  NeverinmylifehaveIforgother.NobodyelsecanIlove.

  HardlyhasLizwokenupwhenthesunrises.

  “Ifeelbored.”“Soisevrybody.”

  在下面这类倒装句中情况也如此。

  Therecomemanychildren.

  Beforethehousestandsatree.

  Beforethehousestandatreeandabench.

  Inthehousethereisacat,adog,andthreebirds.

  ToDickfallthedutiesofmaintainingthefamily.

  AfterJancomesNora.

  Here’sallthecoinsIhave.

  There’sthreefriendswaitingforme.

  Where’sthekidsthatstoletheapples?

  在下面这类句子中,补语或分词提前,主语在is,was,are,were之后:

  Goneareallmyhappydays!

  Waitingfortheresultsarethousandsofpeople.Gatheredundertheroofwereallthebigshots.

  两个单数名词由and连接可构成复数主语:

  JohnandMaryarecoming.

   

  Mymoneyandmyfriendarebothgone.

  Goodcoffeeandbadaredifferentfromeachother.

  两个人称代词由and连接也构成复数主语:

  HeandIarefriends.

  Bothyouandheareill.

  由every,any等词修饰的几个主语,尽管由and连接,仍然保持是单数:

  Everyboyandeverygirlisplaying.

  Anyrelative,anyfriendandanyneighbourisreadytohelphim.

  Eachgrown-upandeachchildlikesit.

  Nocity,novillage,nomountain,noseaisaplaceofsafety.

  Manyamanandmanyawomanhasseentheaccident.

  两个名词前各加同一限定词,表示是两个人或两样东西,谓语动词要用复数:

  Ageneralandastatesmanwerekilled.

  Hishomeandhisofficeareveryfarfrommyhome.

  Ablackandawhitedogareplayingintheyard.

  一个不可数名词,如有两个形容词修饰,而指两样东西,动词用复数;否则用单数:

  EnglishandFrenchgrammararedifferent.

  Sweetandsourporkisdelicious.

  如果主体词重复,表示是两样东西,动词要用单数:

  Thesituationbeforethewarandthesituationafterarediffer-ent.

  Whathesaidandwhathethoughtwerethesame.

  如作主语的两个名词用同一限定词,指的是一个人或一样东西,动词要用单数:

  Ageneralandstatesmanwaskilled.

  Hishomeandofficeisveryfarfrommyhouse.

  Ablackandwhitedogisplaying.

  Whathesaidandthoughtwasforothers.

  有时两个名词虽由and连接,但习惯上被看作是一样东西,这时动词也用单数:

  Breadandbutterisenoughforme.

  Whiskyandsodaishisfavourite.

  Duckandpeasisdelicious,buteggsandbaconisbetter.

  Thatcupandsaucerisbroken.

  Thewheelandaxleisoutofrepair.

  Aneedleandthreadisallmygrandmotherneeds.

  RomeoandJulietisatragedy.

  两个抽象名词一起用时,有时代表两个东西,有时代表一个东西,动词的单复数要根据意思来决定,有时两者都可以:

  Theuseandobjectofthisaresimple.

  Thestitchingandbindingofbooksareahardjob.

  HiscourageandenduranceareGreat.

  Sympathyandunderstandingarerequired.

  Trialanderroristhebestwaytolearn.

  AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.

  Theebbandflowofone’sfortuneisamatterofcourse.

  有时一个主语后跟一逗号,以及“and+名词+副词”,后面的动词就常和第一个名词一致。

“and+名词+副词”可以看作一个省略的分句:

  Mary,andherparentstoo,isfondofJohn.

  Mary,andperhapsherparents,isfondofJohn.

  Mary,butnotherparents,isfondofJohn.

  Mary’sparents,butnotMaryherself,arefondofJohn.

  单纯数词一般看作单数,如果有两个数词由and或time或其它词连接,动词可以用单数或复数形式:

  Thirteenisanunluckynumber.

  Twoandtwomakefour.

  Eightplusfiveequalsthirteen.

  Threefivesarefifteen.

  Threetimesfivearefifteen.

  Whataretwiceseven?

  40multipliedby58equals2320.

  Fivefromnineisfour.

  Sixhundredandoneminusfortyequalsfivehundredandsix-ty-one.

  Threeintotwelvegoesfour.

  Twohundredfiftydividedbyfiftyequalsfive.如果数词表示复数的人或东西,动词也用复数形式:

  Fivewerekilled.

  Oneandahalf…为复数,而halfa…为单数:

  Oneandahalfdollarswerespentonsugar,andhalfadollarwasSpentonflour.

  Afineand/orimprisonmentisnotenough.

  如果两个主语由or或nor连接,动词与最靠近的主语一致:

EitheryouorIamright.

  NeitherAlicenorherparentslikeMike.

  Oneortwowordsareenough.

  Thereisoneortwoexamples.

  Wangorratherhisbrothersdecidethematter.

  但:

Lifeordeatharenothingtome.

  WhetherJohnorMaryarewillingtohelpmeisstillaproblem.

  两个主语若由notonly…butalso…连接起来,动词和最近的主语一致:

  Notonlymyhouse,butmanyotherhouseshavebeenwhite-washed.

   

  NotonlyMary’sparents,butalsoMaryherselflikesMike.

  ThereisnotonlyMary,butalsoMary’sparents.

  如果主语后跟有介词短语、连词短语或是分词短语,动词仍与主语一致,不受中间插入成分的影响:

  Twogirls,besidesMary,arestudyingMalay.

  Allmysisters,exceptLilian,studyflower-arranging.

  Thestreet,withsomanypeoplegoingupanddown,isdirty.

  Lee,togetherwithhisthreebrothers,hascometoourparty.

  Thehorses,alongwiththeirowner,fallintotheriver.

  Thisproblem,inadditiontotheothertwo,makemesad.

  You,aswellashe,aremistaken.

  Thestudents,muchmorethantheteacher,wishforaholi-day.

  Theteacher,asmuchasthestudents,wishesforaholiday.

  Wang’sfriends,nolessthanWanghimself,wishforhissuc-cess.

  Oneapple,dividedbysixchildren,isathingunpleasant.

  Themanager,accompaniedbyhisassistants,hasgoneout.

  Myschoolmates,includingJohn,arekindtome.

  Allthemembers,notexceptingthechairman,arearrived.

  上面那种插在主语和谓语动词之间的成分,也可移到句首,意思是差不多的:

  BesidesMary,threestudentsarestudyingMalay.

  Inadditiontotheothertwo,thisproblemmakesmesad.

  NolessthanWanghimself,Wang’sfriendswishforhissuc-cess.

  Accompaniedbyhisassistants,themanagerhasgoneout.

  主语后面有时跟有of或其他介词时,动词仍和主语一致:

Oneoftheboysissick.

  Themeetingofsomanystrangersbroadenshisview.

  Acleanupofsuchagovernmentisabsolutelynecessary.

  Thelossofhisparentswastoomuchforhim.

  Atruckloadoforangescostsaboutathousanddollars.

  Twospoonsofsugararejustenough.

  Twobottlesofwhiskyarenothingtohim.

  Onlyfivebagsofriceareinstock.

  Sixcasesofcholeraarereported.

  Signsofrevoltareincreasingeveryday.

  Thiskindofcatisrare.

  Thesekindsofflowersarerare.

  Flowersofthiskindarerare.

  Oneofthestudents,whospeakslrish,isherson.

  Oneofthestudentswhospeaklrishisherson.

  Morechildrenthanoneareinfected.

  Nobodybutfiveworkersispromoted.

  SuchpeopleasJohnarewonderful.

  Thenumberofbanksinthiscityisaboutforty.

  Theaverageofabsenteesisfourineachmeeting.

  Thetotalofmurdersinthisyearisovertwohundred.

  后面跟复数动词的短语有:

amajorityofpeople,avarietyofreasons,arainofbullets,astormofstones,afloodofre-sources,aseaoffaces,atrickleoftourists,amountainofwatermelons等等。

  系动词一般都和前面的主语一致,而不受后面补语的影响:

Myonlypleasureisthemovies.

  Themoviesaremyonlypleasure.

  Thosestarsaremyonlyguide.

  Myonlyguideisthosestars.

  Hisfoodisfruitandmilk.

  Fruitandmilkarehisfood.

  Dogsareapleasanttrouble.

  Weareafootballteam.

  主语后的同位语和补语一样都不影响动词的形式:

  Themovies,myonlypleasure,arealsomyruin.

  Thosestars,myonlyguide,aretwinklingallthenight.

  Hisfood,fruitandmilkisdeliciousandnutritious.

  Theybecomemasterofthesituation.

  Manyfallvictim.

  Theyseemtobeourenemy.

  Theyarealwaysthevictor.

  Theworldappearstoomanyforme.

  Thenationisbutindividuals.

  Whoisknocking?

ItseemstobeJohnandMary.

  Sheisalleyes.

  Theroomisallbooksandnewspapers.

  Thestreetisallloiterersandbeggars.

  但:

Thefollowingismyaddress.

  在某些习惯用法中补语用复数形式,动词仍与主语一致:

  HeisgreatfriendswithJohn.

  Heispalswithyou.

  Heisenemieswitheveryone.

  Iamquitswithhim.

  不定式、动名词或从句作主语时,尽管里面有复数名词,动词仍用单数形式:

  Forthemtotellliesisveryeasy.

  Forusbusinessmentoknowmanypeopleisnecessary.Tellingliesdoesnotpay.

  VisitingallEuropeancountriesismyambition.

  Whatwewantisgoodroads.

  Thattheylikepowerandwealthistrue.

  “Itpourscatsanddogs”meansitrainsheavily.

  “Manyhappyreturns”isaformofgreetingonsomeboby’sbirthday.

  在it引起的强调某句子成分的句子中,动词用单数更好一些:

  Itistheywhoiswrong.

  Itisyouthatoftenmakessuchmistakes.

  但实际上用复数的人也不少。

  2)第二大类:

主语是单数还是复数?

  数词,不管是泛指还是特指,只要是指人或物,通常都跟有复数动词:

  Sevenwerekilled.

  Twoaremissing.

  Fewknowit.

  Afewhavebeenthrownaway.

  Severalwerewounded.

  Hundredshavebecomehomeless.

  Bothhavecome.

  Thousandsuponthousandswerestarved.

  Somewerekilled,otherswerewounded.

  Alargevarietyofumbrellasareonsale.

  Afewaresatisfied,butagreatmanyaredisappointedandveryangry.

  Themajorityofhumanbeingsareselfish.

  Fiftydozenofstockingshavejustarrived.

  Tenpairofglovesareondisplay.

  Fouryokeofoxenarecoming.

  Twentyheadofcattlearegr

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